We propose a scheme of all-optical random number generator (RNG), which consists of an ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) chaotic laser, an all-optical sampler and an all-optical comparator. Free from the electric-device bandwidth, it can generate 10Gbit/s random numbers in our simulation. The high-speed bit sequences can pass standard statistical tests for randomness after all-optical exclusive-or (XOR) operation.

© 2010 OSA

1. C. S. Petrie and J. A. Connelly, “A noise-based IC random number generator for applications in cryptography,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 47(5), 615–621 (2000). [CrossRef]
2. J. F. Dynes, Z. L. Yuan, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, “A high speed, post-processing free, quantum random number generator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(3), 031109 (2008). [CrossRef]
3. J. Walker, “HotBits: Genuine Random Numbers, Generated by Radioactive Decay,” http://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits/ .
4. M. Bucci, L. Germani, R. Luzzi, A. Trifiletti, and M. Varanonuovo, “A high-speed oscillator-based truly random number source for cryptographic applications on a Smart Card IC,” IEEE Trans. Comput. 52(4), 403–409 (2003). [CrossRef]
5. D. S. Ornstein, “Ergodic theory, randomness, and “chaos”,” Science 243(4888), 182–187 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. G. M. Bernstein and M. A. Lieberman, “Secure random number generation using chaotic circuits,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. 37(9), 1157–1164 (1990). [CrossRef]
7. T. Stojanovski and L. Kocarev, “Chaos-based random number generators - Part I: practical realization,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 48(3), 281–288 (2001). [CrossRef]
8. T. Stojanovski, J. Pihl, and L. Kocarev, “Chaos-based random number generators - Part II: practical realization,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 48(3), 382–385 (2001). [CrossRef]
9. A. Uchida, K. Amano, M. Inoue, K. Hirano, S. Naito, H. Someya, I. Oowada, T. Kurashige, M. Shiki, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, and P. Davis, “Fast physical random bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers,” Nat. Photonics 2(12), 728–732 (2008). [CrossRef]
10. I. Reidler, Y. Aviad, M. Rosenbluh, and I. Kanter, “Ultrahigh-speed random number generation based on a chaotic semiconductor laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(2), 024102 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. I. Kanter, Y. Aviad, I. Reidler, E. Cohen, and M. Rosenbluh, “An optical ultrafast random bit generator,” Nat. Photonics 4(1), 58–61 (2010). [CrossRef]
12. K. Hirano, T. Yamazaki, S. Morikatsu, H. Okumura, H. Aida, A. Uchida, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, T. Harayama, and P. Davis, “Fast random bit generation with bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers,” Opt. Express 18(6), 5512–5524 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. A. B. Wang, Y. C. Wang, and H. C. He, “Enhancing the Bandwidth of the Optical Chaotic Signal Generated by a Semiconductor Laser With Optical Feedback,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(19), 1633–1635 (2008). [CrossRef]
14. A. B. Wang, Y. C. Wang, and J. F. Wang, “Route to broadband chaos in a chaotic laser diode subject to optical injection,” Opt. Lett. 34(8), 1144–1146 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. H. Sotobayashi, C. Sawaguchi, Y. Koyamada, and W. Chujo, “Ultrafast walk-off-free nonlinear optical loop mirror by a simplified configuration for 320-Gbit / s time-division multiplexing signal demultiplexing,” Opt. Lett. 27(17), 1555–1557 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. K. Ikeda, J. Abdul, S. Namiki, and K. Kitayama, “Optical quantizing and coding for ultrafast A/D conversion using nonlinear fiber-optic switches based on Sagnac interferometer,” Opt. Express 13(11), 4296–4302 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. G. P. Agrawal, “Fiber interferometer,” in Applications of nonlinear fiber optics, P. L. Kelley, ed., (Academic press, San Diego, 2001), Chap. 3.
18. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics, 3rd Edition (Academic Press, San Diego, 2001) Chap. 2.
19. J. Z. Zhang, A. B. Wang, J. F. Wang, and Y. C. Wang, “Wavelength division multiplexing of chaotic secure and fiber-optic communications,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6357–6367 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. K. Huybrechts, W. D'Oosterlinck, G. Morthier, and R. Baets, “Proposal for an All-Optical Flip-Flop Using a Single Distributed Feedback Laser Diode,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(1), 18–20 (2008). [CrossRef]
21. K. Huybrechts, G. Morthier, and R. Baets, “Fast all-optical flip-flop based on a single distributed feedback laser diode,” Opt. Express 16(15), 11405–11410 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, and K. Kitayama, “Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function,” Opt. Express 16(4), 2570–2577 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. A. Rukhin, et al., “NIST Statistical Tests Suite,” http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/rng/documentation_software.html .
24. K. Huybrechts, A. Ali, T. Tanemura, Y. Nakano, and G. Morthier, “Numerical and experimental study of the switching times and energies of DFB-laser based All-optical flip-flops”, presented at the International Conference on Photonics in Switching, Pisa, Italy, 15–19 Sept. 2009.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• J. F. Dynes, Z. L. Yuan, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, “A high speed, post-processing free, quantum random number generator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(3), 031109 (2008). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

• A. B. Wang, Y. C. Wang, and H. C. He, “Enhancing the Bandwidth of the Optical Chaotic Signal Generated by a Semiconductor Laser With Optical Feedback,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(19), 1633–1635 (2008). [CrossRef]
• K. Huybrechts, W. D'Oosterlinck, G. Morthier, and R. Baets, “Proposal for an All-Optical Flip-Flop Using a Single Distributed Feedback Laser Diode,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(1), 18–20 (2008). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst.

• G. M. Bernstein and M. A. Lieberman, “Secure random number generation using chaotic circuits,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. 37(9), 1157–1164 (1990). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl.

• T. Stojanovski and L. Kocarev, “Chaos-based random number generators - Part I: practical realization,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 48(3), 281–288 (2001). [CrossRef]
• T. Stojanovski, J. Pihl, and L. Kocarev, “Chaos-based random number generators - Part II: practical realization,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 48(3), 382–385 (2001). [CrossRef]
• C. S. Petrie and J. A. Connelly, “A noise-based IC random number generator for applications in cryptography,” IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl. 47(5), 615–621 (2000). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Comput.

• M. Bucci, L. Germani, R. Luzzi, A. Trifiletti, and M. Varanonuovo, “A high-speed oscillator-based truly random number source for cryptographic applications on a Smart Card IC,” IEEE Trans. Comput. 52(4), 403–409 (2003). [CrossRef]

Nat. Photonics

• A. Uchida, K. Amano, M. Inoue, K. Hirano, S. Naito, H. Someya, I. Oowada, T. Kurashige, M. Shiki, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, and P. Davis, “Fast physical random bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers,” Nat. Photonics 2(12), 728–732 (2008). [CrossRef]
• I. Kanter, Y. Aviad, I. Reidler, E. Cohen, and M. Rosenbluh, “An optical ultrafast random bit generator,” Nat. Photonics 4(1), 58–61 (2010). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• K. Hirano, T. Yamazaki, S. Morikatsu, H. Okumura, H. Aida, A. Uchida, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, T. Harayama, and P. Davis, “Fast random bit generation with bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers,” Opt. Express 18(6), 5512–5524 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Z. Zhang, A. B. Wang, J. F. Wang, and Y. C. Wang, “Wavelength division multiplexing of chaotic secure and fiber-optic communications,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6357–6367 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• K. Ikeda, J. Abdul, S. Namiki, and K. Kitayama, “Optical quantizing and coding for ultrafast A/D conversion using nonlinear fiber-optic switches based on Sagnac interferometer,” Opt. Express 13(11), 4296–4302 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• K. Huybrechts, G. Morthier, and R. Baets, “Fast all-optical flip-flop based on a single distributed feedback laser diode,” Opt. Express 16(15), 11405–11410 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, and K. Kitayama, “Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function,” Opt. Express 16(4), 2570–2577 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• A. B. Wang, Y. C. Wang, and J. F. Wang, “Route to broadband chaos in a chaotic laser diode subject to optical injection,” Opt. Lett. 34(8), 1144–1146 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• H. Sotobayashi, C. Sawaguchi, Y. Koyamada, and W. Chujo, “Ultrafast walk-off-free nonlinear optical loop mirror by a simplified configuration for 320-Gbit / s time-division multiplexing signal demultiplexing,” Opt. Lett. 27(17), 1555–1557 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• I. Reidler, Y. Aviad, M. Rosenbluh, and I. Kanter, “Ultrahigh-speed random number generation based on a chaotic semiconductor laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(2), 024102 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Science

• D. S. Ornstein, “Ergodic theory, randomness, and “chaos”,” Science 243(4888), 182–187 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Other

• J. Walker, “HotBits: Genuine Random Numbers, Generated by Radioactive Decay,” http://www.fourmilab.ch/hotbits/ .
• G. P. Agrawal, “Fiber interferometer,” in Applications of nonlinear fiber optics, P. L. Kelley, ed., (Academic press, San Diego, 2001), Chap. 3.
• G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear fiber optics, 3rd Edition (Academic Press, San Diego, 2001) Chap. 2.
• A. Rukhin, et al., “NIST Statistical Tests Suite,” http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/rng/documentation_software.html .
• K. Huybrechts, A. Ali, T. Tanemura, Y. Nakano, and G. Morthier, “Numerical and experimental study of the switching times and energies of DFB-laser based All-optical flip-flops”, presented at the International Conference on Photonics in Switching, Pisa, Italy, 15–19 Sept. 2009.

Click here to see a list of articles that cite this paper

Related Journal Articles

• Secure communication scheme using chaotic laser diodes subject to incoherent optical feedback and incoherent optical injection (OL)
• Synchronization by injection of common chaotic signal in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback (OE)
• Synchronization of bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback and injection (OE)
• Time delays in the synchronization of chaotic coupled lasers with feedback (OE)
• Fast random bit generation with bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers (OE)

Related Conference Papers

• Message encoding/decoding using chaotic pulsing semiconductor lasers
• All-optical clock frequency halving at 19.6 GHz based on period doubling in a semiconductor laser
• Fast physical random number generation with bandwidth enhancement of chaotic semiconductor lasers
• Post-processing method for fast random number generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers
• Complexity analysis in optically-coupled chaotic semiconductor lasers with consistency