Calibration of electron spectrometer resolution  in attosecond streak camera

doi:10.1364/OE.18.001316

Calibration of electron spectrometer resolution  in attosecond streak camera

Ximao Feng, Steve Gilbertson, Sabih D. Khan, Michael Chini, Yi Wu, Kevin Carnes, and Zenghu Chang »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 2, pp. 1316-1322 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.001316

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Abstract
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Abstract

We report a new method for determining the energy resolution of time-of-flight spectrometers for detecting photoelectrons produced with attosecond XUV pulses. By measuring the width of the 2s2p autoionization line of helium, we found the resolution of our spectrometer to be ~0.6 eV for electrons at 35.5 eV. Furthermore, the resolution in the 10 to 35 eV range was determined by applying a retarding potential at the entrance of the drift tube.

OCIS Codes
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers
(020.2649) Atomic and molecular physics : Strong field laser physics

ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics

History
Original Manuscript: November 24, 2009
Revised Manuscript: December 30, 2009
Manuscript Accepted: January 1, 2010
Published: January 12, 2010

Citation
Ximao Feng, Steve Gilbertson, Sabih D. Khan, Michael Chini, Yi Wu, Kevin Carnes, and Zenghu Chang, "Calibration of electron spectrometer resolution  in attosecond streak camera," Opt. Express 18, 1316-1322 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-2-1316

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References

M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, C. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milosevic, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature 414(6863), 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
X. Feng, S. Gilbertson, H. Mashiko, H. Wang, S. D. Khan, M. Chini, Y. Wu, K. Zhao, and Z. Chang, “Generation of isolated attosecond pulses with 20 to 28 femtosecond lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(18), 183901 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Gilbertson, X. Feng, S. D. Khan, M. Chini, H. Wang, H. Mashiko, and Z. Chang, “Direct measurement of an electric field in femtosecond Bessel-Gaussian beams,” Opt. Lett. 34(16), 2390–2392 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Mairesse and F. Quéré, “Frequencyresolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts,” Phys. Rev. A 71(1), 011401 (2005). [CrossRef]
Z. Chang, “Controlling attosecond pulse generation with a double optical gating,” Phys. Rev. A 76(5), 043802 (2007). [CrossRef]
M. Chini, H. Wang, S. D. Khan, S. Chen, and Z. Chang, “Retrieval of satellite pulses of single isolated attosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161112 (2009). [CrossRef]
K. T. Kim, K. S. Kang, M. N. Park, T. Imran, G. Umesh, and C. H. Nam, “Comparison of RABITT and FROG measurements in the temporal characterization of attosecond pulse trains,” ArXiv eprints: 0707.4228 (2007).
U. Fano and J. Cooper, “Line profiles in the faruv absorption spectra of the rare gases,” Phys. Rev. 137(5A), A1364–A1379 (1965). [CrossRef]
R. P. Madden, D. L. Ederer, and K. Codling, “Instrumental aspects of synchrotron xuv spectroscopy,” Appl. Opt. 6(1), 31 (1967). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. D. Morgan and D. L. Ederer, “Photoionization cross section of helium for photon energies 5967 eV: The (sp,2n+) 1P0 Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 29(4), 1901–1906 (1984). [CrossRef]
H. Mashiko, S. Gilbertson, C. Li, S. D. Khan, M. M. Shakya, E. Moon, and Z. Chang, “Double optical gating of high-order harmonic generation with carrier-envelope phase stabilized lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(10), 103906 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. Oishi, M. Kaku, A. Suda, F. Kannari, and K. Midorikawa, “Generation of extreme ultraviolet continuum radiation driven by a sub-10-fs two-color field,” Opt. Express 14(16), 7230–7237 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. B. Corkum, N. H. Burnett, and M. Y. Ivanov, “Subfemtosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett. 19(22), 1870 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
O. Tcherbakoff, E. Mevel, D. Descamps, J. Plumridge, and E. Constant, “Timegated highorder harmonic generation,” Phys. Rev. A 68(4), 043804 (2003). [CrossRef]
Z. Chang, “Single attosecond pulse and xuv supercontinuum in the highorder harmonic plateau,” Phys. Rev. A 70(4), 043802 (2004). [CrossRef]
H. Mashiko, S. Gilbertson, M. Chini, X. Feng, C. Yun, H. Wang, S. D. Khan, S. Chen, and Z. Chang, “Extreme ultraviolet supercontinua supporting pulse durations of less than one atomic unit of time,” Opt. Lett. 34(21), 3337–3339 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Gilbertson, H. Mashiko, C. Li, S. D. Khan, M. M. Shakya, E. Moon, and Z. Chang, “A lowloss, robust setup for double optical gating of high harmonic generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(7), 071109 (2008). [CrossRef]
S. J. Brotton, S. Cvejanovic, F. J. Currell, N. J. Bowring, and F. H. Read, “Electron-impact excitation of the doubly excited states of helium below the N=3 He+ threshold,” Phys. Rev. A 55(1), 318–328 (1997). [CrossRef]
X. Liu, Y. Huang, L. Zhu, Z. Yuan, W. Li, and K. Xu, “Numerical determination of profile parameters for fano resonance with definite energy resolution,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 508(3), 448–453 (2003). [CrossRef]
K. Pearson, “Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution. ii. Skew variation in homogeneous material,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 186(-1), 343–414 (1895). [CrossRef]

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[1] M. Hentschel, R. Kienberger, C. Spielmann, G. A. Reider, N. Milosevic, T. Brabec, P. Corkum, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond metrology,” Nature 414(6863), 509–513 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] X. Feng, S. Gilbertson, H. Mashiko, H. Wang, S. D. Khan, M. Chini, Y. Wu, K. Zhao, and Z. Chang, “Generation of isolated attosecond pulses with 20 to 28 femtosecond lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(18), 183901 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] S. Gilbertson, X. Feng, S. D. Khan, M. Chini, H. Wang, H. Mashiko, and Z. Chang, “Direct measurement of an electric field in femtosecond Bessel-Gaussian beams,” Opt. Lett. 34(16), 2390–2392 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] Y. Mairesse and F. Quéré, “Frequencyresolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts,” Phys. Rev. A 71(1), 011401 (2005). [CrossRef]

[5] Z. Chang, “Controlling attosecond pulse generation with a double optical gating,” Phys. Rev. A 76(5), 043802 (2007). [CrossRef]

[6] M. Chini, H. Wang, S. D. Khan, S. Chen, and Z. Chang, “Retrieval of satellite pulses of single isolated attosecond pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(16), 161112 (2009). [CrossRef]

[7] K. T. Kim, K. S. Kang, M. N. Park, T. Imran, G. Umesh, and C. H. Nam, “Comparison of RABITT and FROG measurements in the temporal characterization of attosecond pulse trains,” ArXiv eprints: 0707.4228 (2007).

[8] U. Fano and J. Cooper, “Line profiles in the faruv absorption spectra of the rare gases,” Phys. Rev. 137(5A), A1364–A1379 (1965). [CrossRef]

[9] R. P. Madden, D. L. Ederer, and K. Codling, “Instrumental aspects of synchrotron xuv spectroscopy,” Appl. Opt. 6(1), 31 (1967). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] H. D. Morgan and D. L. Ederer, “Photoionization cross section of helium for photon energies 5967 eV: The (sp,2n+) 1P0 Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances,” Phys. Rev. A 29(4), 1901–1906 (1984). [CrossRef]

[11] H. Mashiko, S. Gilbertson, C. Li, S. D. Khan, M. M. Shakya, E. Moon, and Z. Chang, “Double optical gating of high-order harmonic generation with carrier-envelope phase stabilized lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(10), 103906 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[12] Y. Oishi, M. Kaku, A. Suda, F. Kannari, and K. Midorikawa, “Generation of extreme ultraviolet continuum radiation driven by a sub-10-fs two-color field,” Opt. Express 14(16), 7230–7237 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] P. B. Corkum, N. H. Burnett, and M. Y. Ivanov, “Subfemtosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett. 19(22), 1870 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] O. Tcherbakoff, E. Mevel, D. Descamps, J. Plumridge, and E. Constant, “Timegated highorder harmonic generation,” Phys. Rev. A 68(4), 043804 (2003). [CrossRef]

[15] Z. Chang, “Single attosecond pulse and xuv supercontinuum in the highorder harmonic plateau,” Phys. Rev. A 70(4), 043802 (2004). [CrossRef]

[16] H. Mashiko, S. Gilbertson, M. Chini, X. Feng, C. Yun, H. Wang, S. D. Khan, S. Chen, and Z. Chang, “Extreme ultraviolet supercontinua supporting pulse durations of less than one atomic unit of time,” Opt. Lett. 34(21), 3337–3339 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] S. Gilbertson, H. Mashiko, C. Li, S. D. Khan, M. M. Shakya, E. Moon, and Z. Chang, “A lowloss, robust setup for double optical gating of high harmonic generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(7), 071109 (2008). [CrossRef]

[18] S. J. Brotton, S. Cvejanovic, F. J. Currell, N. J. Bowring, and F. H. Read, “Electron-impact excitation of the doubly excited states of helium below the N=3 He+ threshold,” Phys. Rev. A 55(1), 318–328 (1997). [CrossRef]

[19] X. Liu, Y. Huang, L. Zhu, Z. Yuan, W. Li, and K. Xu, “Numerical determination of profile parameters for fano resonance with definite energy resolution,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 508(3), 448–453 (2003). [CrossRef]

[20] K. Pearson, “Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution. ii. Skew variation in homogeneous material,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 186(-1), 343–414 (1895). [CrossRef]

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Calibration of electron spectrometer resolution  in attosecond streak camera