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Nonlinear optical properties of nanocrystalline diamond
F. Trojánek, K. Žídek, B. Dzurňák, M. Kozák, and P. Malý »View Author Affiliations
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
*Corresponding author: trojanek@karlov.mff.cuni.cz
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 2, pp. 1349-1357 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.001349
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Abstract
We report on investigation of nonlinear optical phenomena in nanocrystalline diamond prepared by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. We observed the upconverted photoluminescence, the second and the third harmonic generation and Z-scan signal. The value of the third order nonlinear susceptibility was estimated. Our results show that nonlinear optical properties of nanocrystalline diamond have many features of the bulk diamond affected to some extent by the presence of grain boundaries.
© 2010 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.6000) Materials : Semiconductor materials
(190.2620) Nonlinear optics : Harmonic generation and mixing
(190.3270) Nonlinear optics : Kerr effect
(160.4236) Materials : Nanomaterials
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: December 4, 2009
Revised Manuscript: January 5, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: January 5, 2010
Published: January 12, 2010
Citation
F. Trojánek, K. Žídek, B. Dzurňák, M. Kozák, and P. Malý, "Nonlinear optical properties of nanocrystalline diamond," Opt. Express 18, 1349-1357 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-2-1349
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- A. Faccinetto, S. Mazzucato, D. Pedron, R. Bozio, S. Destri, and W. Porzio, “Non-resonant z-scan characterization of the third-order nonlinear optical properties of conjugated poly(thiophene azines),” ChemPhysChem 9(14), 2028–2034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. Schliesing, G. Eichhorn, X. Jiang, and H. Zacharias, “The Complex Tensor Components of the Nonlinear Susceptibility x(2) of C (100) and of the C/Si (100) Interface,” Surf. Sci. 387(1-3), 279–287 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. Faccinetto, S. Mazzucato, D. Pedron, R. Bozio, S. Destri, and W. Porzio, “Non-resonant z-scan characterization of the third-order nonlinear optical properties of conjugated poly(thiophene azines),” ChemPhysChem 9(14), 2028–2034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. Beveratos, R. Brouri, T. Gacoin, J.-P. Poizat, and P. Grangier, “Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. A 64(6), 061802 (2001). [CrossRef]
- M. D. Sastry, M. Gaonkar, S. Mane, S. Athavale, K. V. R. Murthy, S. Desai, H. Bagla, J. Panjikar, and K. T. Ramchandran, “Non-linear optical properties of coloured diamonds: Observations of frequency up conversion and “whispering gallery-like” modes in photoluminescence,” Diamond Related Materials 17(7-10), 1288–1291 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- L. Bergman, M. T. McClure, J. T. Glass, and R. J. Nemanich, “The origin of the broadband luminescence and the effect of nitrogen doping on the optical properties of diamond films,” J. Appl. Phys. 76(5), 3020–3027 (1994). [CrossRef]
- Yu. D. Glinka, K.-W. Lin, H.-C. Chang, and S. H. Lin, “Multiphoton-excited luminescence from diamond nanoparticles,” J. Phys. Chem. B 103(21), 4251–4263 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Turukhin, C. H. Liu, A. A. Gorokhovsky, R. R. Alfano, and W. Phillips, “Picosecond photoluminescence decay of Si-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B 54(23), 16448–16451 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. P. Goss, R. Jones, S. J. Breuer, P. R. Briddon, and S. Öberg, “The Twelve-Line 1.682 eV Luminescence Center in Diamond and the Vacancy-Silicon Complex,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 77(14), 3041–3044 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Beveratos, R. Brouri, T. Gacoin, J.-P. Poizat, and P. Grangier, “Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. A 64(6), 061802 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. S. Zuo, M. K. Yaran, T. A. Grotjohn, D. K. Reinhard, and J. Asmussen, “Investigation of diamond deposition uniformity and quality for freestanding film and substrate applications,” Diamond Related Materials 17(3), 300–305 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. V. Gurudev Dutt, L. Childress, L. Jiang, E. Togan, J. Maze, F. Jelezko, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, and M. D. Lukin, “Coherence of an optically illuminated single nuclear spin qubit,” Science 316, 1312–1316 (2007).
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
- W. Yang and R. J. Hamers, “Fabrication and characterization of a biologically sensitive field-effect transistor using a nanocrystalline diamond thin film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3626–3628 (2004). [CrossRef]
- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yu, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 111(38), 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. K. Lin, Y. H. Wang, H. C. Chang, M. Hayashi, and S. H. Lin, “One- and two-photon absorption properties of diamond nitrogen-vacancy defect centers: A theoretical study,” J. Chem. Phys. 129(12), 124714 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Zhou, T. K. Sham, Y. Wu, Y. M. Chong, I. Bello, S. T. Lee, F. Heigl, T. Regier, and R. I. R. Blyth, “X-ray excited optical luminescence from diamond thin films: the contribution of sp2- and H-bonded carbon to the luminescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(6), 1476–1477 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Hoffman, M. Petrovic, G. Comtet, A. Hewrtel, L. Hellner, and G. Dujardin, “Photon-stimulated desorption of H+ and H- ions from diamond surfaces: Evidence for direct and indirect processes,” Phys. Rev. B 59(4), 3203–3209 (1999). [CrossRef]
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- D. Shin, B. Rezek, N. Tokuda, D. Takeuchi, H. Watanabe, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamoto, and C. E. Nebel, “Surface electronic properties of H-terminated diamond in contact with adsorbates and electrolytes,” Phys. Status Solidi 203(13), 3273–3298 (2006) (a). [CrossRef]
- C. E. Nebel, B. Rezek, D. Shin, H. Uetsuka, and N. Yang, “Diamond for bio-sensor applications,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 40(20), 6443–6466 (2007). [CrossRef]
- W. Yang and R. J. Hamers, “Fabrication and characterization of a biologically sensitive field-effect transistor using a nanocrystalline diamond thin film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3626–3628 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. S. Zuo, M. K. Yaran, T. A. Grotjohn, D. K. Reinhard, and J. Asmussen, “Investigation of diamond deposition uniformity and quality for freestanding film and substrate applications,” Diamond Related Materials 17(3), 300–305 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yu, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 111(38), 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Schliesing, G. Eichhorn, X. Jiang, and H. Zacharias, “The Complex Tensor Components of the Nonlinear Susceptibility x(2) of C (100) and of the C/Si (100) Interface,” Surf. Sci. 387(1-3), 279–287 (1997). [CrossRef]
- X. Zhou, T. K. Sham, Y. Wu, Y. M. Chong, I. Bello, S. T. Lee, F. Heigl, T. Regier, and R. I. R. Blyth, “X-ray excited optical luminescence from diamond thin films: the contribution of sp2- and H-bonded carbon to the luminescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(6), 1476–1477 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. V. Gurudev Dutt, L. Childress, L. Jiang, E. Togan, J. Maze, F. Jelezko, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, and M. D. Lukin, “Coherence of an optically illuminated single nuclear spin qubit,” Science 316, 1312–1316 (2007).
- S. S. Zuo, M. K. Yaran, T. A. Grotjohn, D. K. Reinhard, and J. Asmussen, “Investigation of diamond deposition uniformity and quality for freestanding film and substrate applications,” Diamond Related Materials 17(3), 300–305 (2008). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- W. Yang and R. J. Hamers, “Fabrication and characterization of a biologically sensitive field-effect transistor using a nanocrystalline diamond thin film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3626–3628 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Kriele, O. A. Williams, M. Wolfer, D. Brink, W. Mueller-Sebert, and C. E. Nebel, “Tuneable optical lenses from diamond thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(3), 031905 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Preuss and M. Stuke, “Subpicosecond ultraviolet aser ablation of diamond: nonlinear properties at 248 nm and time-resolved characterization of ablation dynamics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67(3), 338–340 (1995). [CrossRef]
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ChemPhysChem
- A. Faccinetto, S. Mazzucato, D. Pedron, R. Bozio, S. Destri, and W. Porzio, “Non-resonant z-scan characterization of the third-order nonlinear optical properties of conjugated poly(thiophene azines),” ChemPhysChem 9(14), 2028–2034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Diamond Related Materials
- K. Iakoubovskii and G. J. Adriaensens, “Characterization of the broad green band luminescence in CVD and synthetic Ib diamond,” Diamond Related Materials 9(3-6), 1017–1020 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. S. Zuo, M. K. Yaran, T. A. Grotjohn, D. K. Reinhard, and J. Asmussen, “Investigation of diamond deposition uniformity and quality for freestanding film and substrate applications,” Diamond Related Materials 17(3), 300–305 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Mora, J. W. Steeds, and J. E. Butler, “Relationship between grain boundaries and broad luminescence peaks in CVD diamond films,” Diamond Related Materials 12(3-7), 310–317 (2003). [CrossRef]
- V. Mortet, J. D’Haen, J. Potmesil, R. Kravets, I. Drbohlav, V. Vorlicek, J. Rosa, and M. Vanecek, “Thin nanodiamond membranes and their micro structural, optical and photoelectrical properties,” Diamond Related Materials 14(3-7), 393–397 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Kim, T. Y. Seong, Y. J. Baik, M. A. Stevens Kalceff, and M. R. Phillips, “Cathodoluminescence of diamond films grown on pretreated Si(001) substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition,” Diamond Related Materials 8(2-5), 712–716 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. D. Sastry, M. Gaonkar, S. Mane, S. Athavale, K. V. R. Murthy, S. Desai, H. Bagla, J. Panjikar, and K. T. Ramchandran, “Non-linear optical properties of coloured diamonds: Observations of frequency up conversion and “whispering gallery-like” modes in photoluminescence,” Diamond Related Materials 17(7-10), 1288–1291 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Seki, T. Yamada, T. J. Chuang, R. P. Chin, J. Y. Huang,, and Y. R. Shen, “Investigation of diamond C(111) (2 × 1) surface exposed to hydrogen and hydrocarbon species using second-harmonic generation and sum frequency generation,” Diamond Related Materials 2(2-4), 567–572 (1993). [CrossRef]
- M. Buck and Th. Schaich, “Optical 2nd-harmonic generation on the diamond C(111) surface,” Diamond Related Materials 4(4), 544–547 (1995). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- X. Zhou, T. K. Sham, Y. Wu, Y. M. Chong, I. Bello, S. T. Lee, F. Heigl, T. Regier, and R. I. R. Blyth, “X-ray excited optical luminescence from diamond thin films: the contribution of sp2- and H-bonded carbon to the luminescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(6), 1476–1477 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Appl. Phys.
- L. Bergman, M. T. McClure, J. T. Glass, and R. J. Nemanich, “The origin of the broadband luminescence and the effect of nitrogen doping on the optical properties of diamond films,” J. Appl. Phys. 76(5), 3020–3027 (1994). [CrossRef]
J. Chem. Phys.
- C. K. Lin, Y. H. Wang, H. C. Chang, M. Hayashi, and S. H. Lin, “One- and two-photon absorption properties of diamond nitrogen-vacancy defect centers: A theoretical study,” J. Chem. Phys. 129(12), 124714 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Phys. Chem. A
- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yu, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 111(38), 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Phys. Chem. B
- Yu. D. Glinka, K.-W. Lin, H.-C. Chang, and S. H. Lin, “Multiphoton-excited luminescence from diamond nanoparticles,” J. Phys. Chem. B 103(21), 4251–4263 (1999). [CrossRef]
- M. Jacobsohn and U. Banin, “Size Dependence of Second Harmonic Generation in CdSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(1), 1–5 (2000). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
- C. E. Nebel, B. Rezek, D. Shin, H. Uetsuka, and N. Yang, “Diamond for bio-sensor applications,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 40(20), 6443–6466 (2007). [CrossRef]
Nanotechnology
- K. K. Liu, C. L. Cheng, C. C. Chang, and J. I. Chao, “Biocompatible and detectable carboxylated nanodiamond on human cell,” Nanotechnology 18(32), 325102 (2007). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
- J. I. Dadap, G. B. Focht, D. H. Reitze, and M. C. Downer, “Two-photon absorption in diamond and its application to ultraviolet femtosecond pulse-width measurement,” Opt. Lett. 16(7), 499–501 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. A
- A. Beveratos, R. Brouri, T. Gacoin, J.-P. Poizat, and P. Grangier, “Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. A 64(6), 061802 (2001). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. B
- M. D. Levenson and N. Bloembergen, “Dispersion of the nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor in centrosymmetric media,” Phys. Rev. B 10(10), 4447–4463 (1974). [CrossRef]
- A. Hoffman, M. Petrovic, G. Comtet, A. Hewrtel, L. Hellner, and G. Dujardin, “Photon-stimulated desorption of H+ and H- ions from diamond surfaces: Evidence for direct and indirect processes,” Phys. Rev. B 59(4), 3203–3209 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Turukhin, C. H. Liu, A. A. Gorokhovsky, R. R. Alfano, and W. Phillips, “Picosecond photoluminescence decay of Si-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B 54(23), 16448–16451 (1996). [CrossRef]
- H. Sternschulte, K. Thonke, R. Sauer, P. C. Münzinger, and P. Michler, “1.681-eV luminescence center in chemical-vapor-deposited homoepitaxial diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B 50(19), 14554–14560 (1994). [CrossRef]
- K. Iakoubovskii and G. J. Adriaensens, “Luminescence excitation spectra in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B 61(15), 10174–10182 (2000). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- J. P. Goss, R. Jones, S. J. Breuer, P. R. Briddon, and S. Öberg, “The Twelve-Line 1.682 eV Luminescence Center in Diamond and the Vacancy-Silicon Complex,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 77(14), 3041–3044 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Clays and A. Persoons, “Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in solution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 66(23), 2980–2983 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Status Solidi
- S. Potocky, A. Kromka, J. Potmesil, Z. Remes, Z. Polackova, and M. Vanecek, “Growth of nanocrystalline diamond films deposited by microwave plasma CVD system at low substrate temperatures,” Phys. Status Solidi 203(12), 3011–3015 (2006) (a). [CrossRef]
- D. Shin, B. Rezek, N. Tokuda, D. Takeuchi, H. Watanabe, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamoto, and C. E. Nebel, “Surface electronic properties of H-terminated diamond in contact with adsorbates and electrolytes,” Phys. Status Solidi 203(13), 3273–3298 (2006) (a). [CrossRef]
Science
- M. V. Gurudev Dutt, L. Childress, L. Jiang, E. Togan, J. Maze, F. Jelezko, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, and M. D. Lukin, “Coherence of an optically illuminated single nuclear spin qubit,” Science 316, 1312–1316 (2007).
Semicond. Sci. Technol.
- C. E. Nebel, “Electronic properties of CVD diamond,” Semicond. Sci. Technol. 18(3), S1–S11 (2003). [CrossRef]
Surf. Sci.
- V. I. Gavrilenko and F. Rebentrost, “Nonlinear optical susceptibility of the surfaces of silicon and diamond,” Surf. Sci. 331–333, 1355–1360 (1995). [CrossRef]
- R. Schliesing, G. Eichhorn, X. Jiang, and H. Zacharias, “The Complex Tensor Components of the Nonlinear Susceptibility x(2) of C (100) and of the C/Si (100) Interface,” Surf. Sci. 387(1-3), 279–287 (1997). [CrossRef]
Other
- S. Koizumi, C. E. Nebel, and M. Nesladek, Physics and Applications of CVD Diamond, (Wiley-VCH, 2008).
- R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, (Academic Press, 2002).
- O. Madelung, M. Schulz, and H. Weiss, (Eds), Landolt-Bornstein, series III, vol. 22, (Springer-Verlag, 1987).
- M. J. Weber, Handbook of Optical Materials, (CRC Press, 2002).
2009, Kriele, Appl. Phys. Lett.
- A. Kriele, O. A. Williams, M. Wolfer, D. Brink, W. Mueller-Sebert, and C. E. Nebel, “Tuneable optical lenses from diamond thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(3), 031905 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. K. Lin, Y. H. Wang, H. C. Chang, M. Hayashi, and S. H. Lin, “One- and two-photon absorption properties of diamond nitrogen-vacancy defect centers: A theoretical study,” J. Chem. Phys. 129(12), 124714 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D. Sastry, M. Gaonkar, S. Mane, S. Athavale, K. V. R. Murthy, S. Desai, H. Bagla, J. Panjikar, and K. T. Ramchandran, “Non-linear optical properties of coloured diamonds: Observations of frequency up conversion and “whispering gallery-like” modes in photoluminescence,” Diamond Related Materials 17(7-10), 1288–1291 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. S. Zuo, M. K. Yaran, T. A. Grotjohn, D. K. Reinhard, and J. Asmussen, “Investigation of diamond deposition uniformity and quality for freestanding film and substrate applications,” Diamond Related Materials 17(3), 300–305 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Faccinetto, S. Mazzucato, D. Pedron, R. Bozio, S. Destri, and W. Porzio, “Non-resonant z-scan characterization of the third-order nonlinear optical properties of conjugated poly(thiophene azines),” ChemPhysChem 9(14), 2028–2034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Zhou, T. K. Sham, Y. Wu, Y. M. Chong, I. Bello, S. T. Lee, F. Heigl, T. Regier, and R. I. R. Blyth, “X-ray excited optical luminescence from diamond thin films: the contribution of sp2- and H-bonded carbon to the luminescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(6), 1476–1477 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T.-L. Wee, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann, J.-H. Hsu, K.-M. Chen, and Y.-C. Yu, “Two-photon excited fluorescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in proton-irradiated type Ib diamond,” J. Phys. Chem. A 111(38), 9379–9386 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. E. Nebel, B. Rezek, D. Shin, H. Uetsuka, and N. Yang, “Diamond for bio-sensor applications,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 40(20), 6443–6466 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. K. Liu, C. L. Cheng, C. C. Chang, and J. I. Chao, “Biocompatible and detectable carboxylated nanodiamond on human cell,” Nanotechnology 18(32), 325102 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. V. Gurudev Dutt, L. Childress, L. Jiang, E. Togan, J. Maze, F. Jelezko, A. S. Zibrov, P. R. Hemmer, and M. D. Lukin, “Coherence of an optically illuminated single nuclear spin qubit,” Science 316, 1312–1316 (2007).
- D. Shin, B. Rezek, N. Tokuda, D. Takeuchi, H. Watanabe, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamoto, and C. E. Nebel, “Surface electronic properties of H-terminated diamond in contact with adsorbates and electrolytes,” Phys. Status Solidi 203(13), 3273–3298 (2006) (a). [CrossRef]
- S. Potocky, A. Kromka, J. Potmesil, Z. Remes, Z. Polackova, and M. Vanecek, “Growth of nanocrystalline diamond films deposited by microwave plasma CVD system at low substrate temperatures,” Phys. Status Solidi 203(12), 3011–3015 (2006) (a). [CrossRef]
- V. Mortet, J. D’Haen, J. Potmesil, R. Kravets, I. Drbohlav, V. Vorlicek, J. Rosa, and M. Vanecek, “Thin nanodiamond membranes and their micro structural, optical and photoelectrical properties,” Diamond Related Materials 14(3-7), 393–397 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. Yang and R. J. Hamers, “Fabrication and characterization of a biologically sensitive field-effect transistor using a nanocrystalline diamond thin film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3626–3628 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Mora, J. W. Steeds, and J. E. Butler, “Relationship between grain boundaries and broad luminescence peaks in CVD diamond films,” Diamond Related Materials 12(3-7), 310–317 (2003). [CrossRef]
- C. E. Nebel, “Electronic properties of CVD diamond,” Semicond. Sci. Technol. 18(3), S1–S11 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Beveratos, R. Brouri, T. Gacoin, J.-P. Poizat, and P. Grangier, “Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. A 64(6), 061802 (2001). [CrossRef]
- K. Iakoubovskii and G. J. Adriaensens, “Characterization of the broad green band luminescence in CVD and synthetic Ib diamond,” Diamond Related Materials 9(3-6), 1017–1020 (2000). [CrossRef]
- K. Iakoubovskii and G. J. Adriaensens, “Luminescence excitation spectra in diamond,” Phys. Rev. B 61(15), 10174–10182 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Jacobsohn and U. Banin, “Size Dependence of Second Harmonic Generation in CdSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104(1), 1–5 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. G. Kim, T. Y. Seong, Y. J. Baik, M. A. Stevens Kalceff, and M. R. Phillips, “Cathodoluminescence of diamond films grown on pretreated Si(001) substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition,” Diamond Related Materials 8(2-5), 712–716 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. Hoffman, M. Petrovic, G. Comtet, A. Hewrtel, L. Hellner, and G. Dujardin, “Photon-stimulated desorption of H+ and H- ions from diamond surfaces: Evidence for direct and indirect processes,” Phys. Rev. B 59(4), 3203–3209 (1999). [CrossRef]
- Yu. D. Glinka, K.-W. Lin, H.-C. Chang, and S. H. Lin, “Multiphoton-excited luminescence from diamond nanoparticles,” J. Phys. Chem. B 103(21), 4251–4263 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. Schliesing, G. Eichhorn, X. Jiang, and H. Zacharias, “The Complex Tensor Components of the Nonlinear Susceptibility x(2) of C (100) and of the C/Si (100) Interface,” Surf. Sci. 387(1-3), 279–287 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Turukhin, C. H. Liu, A. A. Gorokhovsky, R. R. Alfano, and W. Phillips, “Picosecond photoluminescence decay of Si-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B 54(23), 16448–16451 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. P. Goss, R. Jones, S. J. Breuer, P. R. Briddon, and S. Öberg, “The Twelve-Line 1.682 eV Luminescence Center in Diamond and the Vacancy-Silicon Complex,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 77(14), 3041–3044 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Preuss and M. Stuke, “Subpicosecond ultraviolet aser ablation of diamond: nonlinear properties at 248 nm and time-resolved characterization of ablation dynamics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67(3), 338–340 (1995). [CrossRef]
- M. Buck and Th. Schaich, “Optical 2nd-harmonic generation on the diamond C(111) surface,” Diamond Related Materials 4(4), 544–547 (1995). [CrossRef]
- V. I. Gavrilenko and F. Rebentrost, “Nonlinear optical susceptibility of the surfaces of silicon and diamond,” Surf. Sci. 331–333, 1355–1360 (1995). [CrossRef]
- H. Sternschulte, K. Thonke, R. Sauer, P. C. Münzinger, and P. Michler, “1.681-eV luminescence center in chemical-vapor-deposited homoepitaxial diamond films,” Phys. Rev. B 50(19), 14554–14560 (1994). [CrossRef]
- L. Bergman, M. T. McClure, J. T. Glass, and R. J. Nemanich, “The origin of the broadband luminescence and the effect of nitrogen doping on the optical properties of diamond films,” J. Appl. Phys. 76(5), 3020–3027 (1994). [CrossRef]
- H. Seki, T. Yamada, T. J. Chuang, R. P. Chin, J. Y. Huang,, and Y. R. Shen, “Investigation of diamond C(111) (2 × 1) surface exposed to hydrogen and hydrocarbon species using second-harmonic generation and sum frequency generation,” Diamond Related Materials 2(2-4), 567–572 (1993). [CrossRef]
- J. Ruan, K. Kobashi, and W. J. Choyke, “On the band-A emission and boron related luminescence in diamond,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 60(25), 3138–3140 (1992). [CrossRef]
- K. Clays and A. Persoons, “Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in solution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 66(23), 2980–2983 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T. H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990). [CrossRef]
- M. D. Levenson and N. Bloembergen, “Dispersion of the nonlinear optical susceptibility tensor in centrosymmetric media,” Phys. Rev. B 10(10), 4447–4463 (1974). [CrossRef]
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