CW lasing of Ho in KLu(WO4)2 in-band pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:KLu(WO4)2 laser

doi:10.1364/OE.18.020793

CW lasing of Ho in KLu(WO₄)₂ in-band pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:KLu(WO₄)₂ laser

Xavier Mateos, Venkatesan Jambunathan, Maria Cinta Pujol, Joan Josep Carvajal, Francesc Díaz, Magdalena Aguiló, Uwe Griebner, and Valentin Petrov »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 20, pp. 20793-20798 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.020793

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Abstract

We demonstrate continuous wave (CW) room temperature laser operation of the monoclinic Ho³⁺-doped KLu(WO₄)₂ crystal using a diode-pumped Tm³⁺:KLu(WO₄)₂ laser for in-band pumping. The slope efficiency achieved amounts to ~55% with respect to the absorbed power and the maximum output power of 648 mW is generated at 2078 nm.

OCIS Codes
(140.3070) Lasers and laser optics : Infrared and far-infrared lasers
(140.3480) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, diode-pumped
(140.5680) Lasers and laser optics : Rare earth and transition metal solid-state lasers

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: April 30, 2010
Revised Manuscript: July 5, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: August 11, 2010
Published: September 16, 2010

Citation
Xavier Mateos, Venkatesan Jambunathan, Maria Cinta Pujol, Joan Josep Carvajal, Francesc Díaz, Magdalena Aguiló, Uwe Griebner, and Valentin Petrov, "CW lasing of Ho in KLu(WO₄)₂ in-band pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:KLu(WO₄)₂ laser," Opt. Express 18, 20793-20798 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-20-20793

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References

G. J. Koch, J. Y. Beyon, F. Gibert, B. W. Barnes, S. Ismail, M. Petros, P. J. Petzar, J. Yu, E. A. Modlin, K. J. Davis, and U. N. Singh, “Side-line tunable laser transmitter for differential absorption lidar measurements of CO2: design and application to atmospheric measurements,” Appl. Opt. 47(7), 944–956 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. A. Pierre and D. M. Albala, “The future of lasers in urology,” World J. Urol. 25(3), 275–283 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. A. Budni, L. A. Pomeranz, M. L. Lemons, C. A. Miller, J. R. Mosto, and E. P. Chicklis, “Efficient mid-infrared lasing using 1.9-μm-pumped Ho:YAG and ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 723–728 (2000). [CrossRef]
V. Sudesh and K. Asai, “Spectroscopic and diode-pumped-laser properties of Tm,Ho:YLF; Tm,Ho:LuLF; and Tm,Ho:LuAG crystals: a comparative study,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(9), 1829–1837 (2003). [CrossRef]
E. Sani, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, N. Coluccelli, G. Galzerano, and P. Laporta, “Comparative analysis of Tm-Ho:KYF4 laser crystals,” Appl. Phys. B 81(6), 847–851 (2005). [CrossRef]
K. Scholle and P. Fuhrberg, “In-band pumping of high-power Ho:YAG lasers by laser diodes at 1.9 µm,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CLEO’08, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2008), paper CTuAA1.
M. Eichhorn, “Quasi-three-level solid-state lasers in the near and mid infrared based on trivalent rare earth ions,” Appl. Phys. B 93(2-3), 269–316 (2008). [CrossRef]
D. Y. Shen, A. Abdolvand, L. J. Cooper, and W. A. Clarkson, “Efficient Ho:YAG laser pumped by a cladding-pumped tunable Tm:silica-fibre laser,” Appl. Phys. B 79(5), 559–561 (2004). [CrossRef]
S. So, J. I. Mackenzie, D. P. Shepherd, W. A. Clarkson, J. G. Betterton, E. K. Gorton, and J. A. C. Terry, “Intra-cavity side-pumped Ho:YAG laser,” Opt. Express 14(22), 10481–10487 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. M. Walsh, “Review of Tm and Ho materials: spectroscopy and lasers,” Laser Phys. 19(4), 855–866 (2009). [CrossRef]
V. Petrov, M. C. Pujol, X. Mateos, Ó. Silvestre, S. Rivier, M. Aguiló, R. M. Solé, J. Liu, U. Griebner, and F. Díaz, “Growth and properties of KLu(WO4)2, and novel ytterbium and thulium lasers based on this monoclinic crystalline host,” Laser & Photon. Rev. 1(2), 179–212 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Liu, V. Petrov, X. Mateos, H. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Efficient high-power laser operation of Yb:KLu(WO4)2 crystals cut along the principal optical axes,” Opt. Lett. 32(14), 2016–2018 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
X. Mateos, V. Petrov, J. Liu, M. C. Pujol, U. Griebner, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, M. Galan, and G. Viera, “Efficient 2 µm continuous-wave laser oscillation of Tm3+:KLu(WO4)2,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42, 1008–1015 (2006). [CrossRef]
A. A. Kaminskii, A. G. Petrosyan, V. A. Fedorov, S. E. Sarkisov, V. V. Ryabchenkov, A. A. Pavlyuk, V. V. Lyubchenko, and I. V. Mochalov, “Two-micron stimulated emission by crystals with Ho3+ ions, based on the transition 5I7→5I8,” Sov. Phys. Dokl. 26, 846–848 (1981) (Transl. from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 260, 64–67 (1981)).
A. A. Kaminskii, A. A. Pavlyuk, P. V. Klevtsov, I. F. Balashov, V. A. Berenberg, S. E. Sarkisov, V. A. Fedorov, M. V. Petrov, and V. V. Lyubchenko, “Stimulated radiation of monoclinic crystals of KY(WO4)2 and KGd(WO4)2 with Ln3+ ions,” Inorg. Mater. 13, 482–483 (1977) (transl. from Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Neorg. Mater. 13, 582–583 (1977)).
A. A. Lagatsky, F. Fusari, S. V. Kurilchik, V. E. Kisel, A. S. Yasukevich, N. V. Kuleshov, A. A. Pavlyuk, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Optical spectroscopy and efficient continuous-wave operation near 2 µm for a Tm, Ho:KYW laser crystal,” Appl. Phys. B 97(2), 321–326 (2009). [CrossRef]
M. C. Pujol, C. Cascales, M. Rico, J. Massons, F. Diaz, P. Porcher, and C. Zaldo, “Measurement and crystal field analysis of energy levels of Ho3+ and Er3+ in KGd(WO4)2 single crystal,” J. Alloy. Comp. 323–324(1-2), 321–325 (2001). [CrossRef]
M. C. Pujol, J. Massons, M. Aguilo, F. Diaz, M. Rico, and C. Zaldo, “Emission cross sections and spectroscopy of Ho3+ laser channels in KGd(WO4)2 single crystal,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(1), 93–100 (2002). [CrossRef]
V. Jambunathan, X. Mateos, M. C. Pujol, J. J. Carvajal, J. Massons, M. Aguilo, and F. Diaz, “Near-infrared photoluminescence from Ho3+-doped monoclinic KLu(WO4)2 crystal codoped with Tm3+,” J. Lumin. 129(12), 1882–1885 (2009). [CrossRef]

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[1] G. J. Koch, J. Y. Beyon, F. Gibert, B. W. Barnes, S. Ismail, M. Petros, P. J. Petzar, J. Yu, E. A. Modlin, K. J. Davis, and U. N. Singh, “Side-line tunable laser transmitter for differential absorption lidar measurements of CO2: design and application to atmospheric measurements,” Appl. Opt. 47(7), 944–956 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] S. A. Pierre and D. M. Albala, “The future of lasers in urology,” World J. Urol. 25(3), 275–283 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] P. A. Budni, L. A. Pomeranz, M. L. Lemons, C. A. Miller, J. R. Mosto, and E. P. Chicklis, “Efficient mid-infrared lasing using 1.9-μm-pumped Ho:YAG and ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillators,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(5), 723–728 (2000). [CrossRef]

[4] V. Sudesh and K. Asai, “Spectroscopic and diode-pumped-laser properties of Tm,Ho:YLF; Tm,Ho:LuLF; and Tm,Ho:LuAG crystals: a comparative study,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20(9), 1829–1837 (2003). [CrossRef]

[5] E. Sani, A. Toncelli, M. Tonelli, N. Coluccelli, G. Galzerano, and P. Laporta, “Comparative analysis of Tm-Ho:KYF4 laser crystals,” Appl. Phys. B 81(6), 847–851 (2005). [CrossRef]

[6] K. Scholle and P. Fuhrberg, “In-band pumping of high-power Ho:YAG lasers by laser diodes at 1.9 µm,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CLEO’08, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2008), paper CTuAA1.

[7] M. Eichhorn, “Quasi-three-level solid-state lasers in the near and mid infrared based on trivalent rare earth ions,” Appl. Phys. B 93(2-3), 269–316 (2008). [CrossRef]

[8] D. Y. Shen, A. Abdolvand, L. J. Cooper, and W. A. Clarkson, “Efficient Ho:YAG laser pumped by a cladding-pumped tunable Tm:silica-fibre laser,” Appl. Phys. B 79(5), 559–561 (2004). [CrossRef]

[9] S. So, J. I. Mackenzie, D. P. Shepherd, W. A. Clarkson, J. G. Betterton, E. K. Gorton, and J. A. C. Terry, “Intra-cavity side-pumped Ho:YAG laser,” Opt. Express 14(22), 10481–10487 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] B. M. Walsh, “Review of Tm and Ho materials: spectroscopy and lasers,” Laser Phys. 19(4), 855–866 (2009). [CrossRef]

[11] V. Petrov, M. C. Pujol, X. Mateos, Ó. Silvestre, S. Rivier, M. Aguiló, R. M. Solé, J. Liu, U. Griebner, and F. Díaz, “Growth and properties of KLu(WO4)2, and novel ytterbium and thulium lasers based on this monoclinic crystalline host,” Laser & Photon. Rev. 1(2), 179–212 (2007). [CrossRef]

[12] J. Liu, V. Petrov, X. Mateos, H. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Efficient high-power laser operation of Yb:KLu(WO4)2 crystals cut along the principal optical axes,” Opt. Lett. 32(14), 2016–2018 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] X. Mateos, V. Petrov, J. Liu, M. C. Pujol, U. Griebner, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, M. Galan, and G. Viera, “Efficient 2 µm continuous-wave laser oscillation of Tm3+:KLu(WO4)2,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42, 1008–1015 (2006). [CrossRef]

[14] A. A. Kaminskii, A. G. Petrosyan, V. A. Fedorov, S. E. Sarkisov, V. V. Ryabchenkov, A. A. Pavlyuk, V. V. Lyubchenko, and I. V. Mochalov, “Two-micron stimulated emission by crystals with Ho3+ ions, based on the transition 5I7→5I8,” Sov. Phys. Dokl. 26, 846–848 (1981) (Transl. from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 260, 64–67 (1981)).

[15] A. A. Kaminskii, A. A. Pavlyuk, P. V. Klevtsov, I. F. Balashov, V. A. Berenberg, S. E. Sarkisov, V. A. Fedorov, M. V. Petrov, and V. V. Lyubchenko, “Stimulated radiation of monoclinic crystals of KY(WO4)2 and KGd(WO4)2 with Ln3+ ions,” Inorg. Mater. 13, 482–483 (1977) (transl. from Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Neorg. Mater. 13, 582–583 (1977)).

[16] A. A. Lagatsky, F. Fusari, S. V. Kurilchik, V. E. Kisel, A. S. Yasukevich, N. V. Kuleshov, A. A. Pavlyuk, C. T. A. Brown, and W. Sibbett, “Optical spectroscopy and efficient continuous-wave operation near 2 µm for a Tm, Ho:KYW laser crystal,” Appl. Phys. B 97(2), 321–326 (2009). [CrossRef]

[17] M. C. Pujol, C. Cascales, M. Rico, J. Massons, F. Diaz, P. Porcher, and C. Zaldo, “Measurement and crystal field analysis of energy levels of Ho3+ and Er3+ in KGd(WO4)2 single crystal,” J. Alloy. Comp. 323–324(1-2), 321–325 (2001). [CrossRef]

[18] M. C. Pujol, J. Massons, M. Aguilo, F. Diaz, M. Rico, and C. Zaldo, “Emission cross sections and spectroscopy of Ho3+ laser channels in KGd(WO4)2 single crystal,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38(1), 93–100 (2002). [CrossRef]

[19] V. Jambunathan, X. Mateos, M. C. Pujol, J. J. Carvajal, J. Massons, M. Aguilo, and F. Diaz, “Near-infrared photoluminescence from Ho3+-doped monoclinic KLu(WO4)2 crystal codoped with Tm3+,” J. Lumin. 129(12), 1882–1885 (2009). [CrossRef]

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CW lasing of Ho in KLu(WO₄)₂ in-band pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:KLu(WO₄)₂ laser