Enhanced near-green light emission from InGaN quantum wells by use of tunable plasmonic resonances in silver nanoparticle arrays

doi:10.1364/OE.18.021322

Enhanced near-green light emission from InGaN quantum wells by use of tunable plasmonic resonances in silver nanoparticle arrays

John Henson, Emmanouil Dimakis, Jeff DiMaria, Rui Li, Salvatore Minissale, Luca Dal Negro, Theodore D. Moustakas, and Roberto Paiella »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 20, pp. 21322-21329 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.021322

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Abstract

Two-dimensional arrays of silver nanocylinders fabricated by electron-beam lithography are used to demonstrate plasmon-enhanced near-green light emission from nitride semiconductor quantum wells. Several arrays with different nanoparticle dimensions are employed, designed to yield collective plasmonic resonances in the spectral vicinity of the emission wavelength and at the same time to provide efficient far-field scattering of the emitted surface plasmons. Large enhancements in peak photoluminescence intensity (up to a factor of over 3) are measured, accompanied by a substantial reduction in recombination lifetime indicative of increased internal quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the enhancement factors are found to exhibit a strong dependence on the nanoparticle dimensions, underscoring the importance of geometrical tuning for this application.

OCIS Codes
(230.0250) Optical devices : Optoelectronics
(250.5230) Optoelectronics : Photoluminescence
(250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics

ToC Category:
Optoelectronics

History
Original Manuscript: August 20, 2010
Revised Manuscript: September 15, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: September 15, 2010
Published: September 22, 2010

Citation
John Henson, Emmanouil Dimakis, Jeff DiMaria, Rui Li, Salvatore Minissale, Luca Dal Negro, Theodore D. Moustakas, and Roberto Paiella, "Enhanced near-green light emission from InGaN quantum wells by use of tunable plasmonic resonances in silver nanoparticle arrays," Opt. Express 18, 21322-21329 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-20-21322

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References

K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater. 3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. C. Lu, C. Y. Chen, D. M. Yeh, C. F. Huang, T. Y. Tang, J. J. Huang, and C. C. Yang, “Temperature dependence of the surface plasmon coupling with an InGaN/GaN quantum well,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 193103 (2007). [CrossRef]
M. K. Kwon, J. Y. Kim, B. H. Kim, I. K. Park, C. Y. Cho, C. C. Byeon, and S. J. Park, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light-emitting diodes,” Adv. Mater. 20(7), 1253–1257 (2008). [CrossRef]
D. M. Yeh, C. F. Huang, C. Y. Chen, Y. C. Lu, and C. C. Yang, “Localized surface plasmon-induced emission enhancement of a green light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 19(34), 345201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. S. Oh, H. Jeong, Y. S. Lee, J. D. Kim, T. H. Seo, H. Kim, A. H. Park, K. J. Lee, and E. K. Suh, “Coupling of InGaN/GaN multiquantum-wells photoluminescence to surface plasmons in platinum nanocluster,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(11), 111112 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Henson, J. C. Heckel, E. Dimakis, J. Abell, A. Bhattacharyya, G. Chumanov, T. D. Moustakas, and R. Paiella, “Plasmon-enhanced light emission from InGaN quantum wells via coupling to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(15), 151109 (2009). [CrossRef]
G. Sun, J. B. Khurgin, and R. A. Soref, “Practical enhancement of photoluminescence by metal nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(10), 101103 (2009). [CrossRef]
W. L. Barnes, “Fluorescence near interfaces: the role of photonic mode density,” J. Mod. Opt. 45, 661–699 (1998). [CrossRef]
I. Gontijo, M. Boroditsky, E. Yablonovitch, S. Keller, U. K. Mishra, and S. P. DenBaars, “Coupling of InGaN quantum-well photoluminescence to silver surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11564–11567 (1999). [CrossRef]
A. Neogi, C.-W. Lee, H. O. Everitt, T. Kuroda, A. Tackeuchi, and E. Yablonovitch, “Enhancement of spontaneous recombination rate in a quantum well by resonant surface plasmon coupling,” Phys. Rev. B 66(15), 153305 (2002). [CrossRef]
B. Lamprecht, G. Schider, R. T. Lechner, H. Ditlbacher, J. R. Krenn, A. Leitner, and F. R. Aussenegg, “Metal nanoparticle gratings: influence of dipolar particle interaction on the plasmon resonance,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(20), 4721–4724 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. L. Haynes, A. D. McFarland, L. L. Zhao, R. P. Van Duyne, G. C. Schatz, L. Gunnarsson, J. Prikulis, B. Kasemo, and M. Käll, “Nanoparticle optics: the importance of radiative dipole coupling in two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107(30), 7337–7342 (2003). [CrossRef]
H. Mertens, J. Verhoeven, A. Polman, and F. D. Tichelaar, “Infrared surface plasmons in two-dimensional silver nanoparticle arrays in silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(8), 1317–1319 (2004). [CrossRef]
J. S. Biteen, L. A. Sweatlock, H. Mertens, N. S. Lewis, A. Polman, and H. A. Atwater, “Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence of silicon quantum dots: simulation and experiment,” J. Phys. Chem. C 111(36), 13372–13377 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Henson, J. DiMaria, and R. Paiella, “Influence of nanoparticle height on plasmonic resonance wavelength and electromagnetic field enhancement in two-dimensional arrays,” J. Appl. Phys. 106(9), 093111 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer, 2007), Chap. 5.
C. K. Choi, Y. H. Kwon, B. D. Little, G. H. Gainer, J. J. Song, Y. C. Chang, S. Keller, U. K. Mishra, and S. P. DenBaars, “Time-resolved photoluminescence of InxGa1-xN/GaN multiple quantum well structures: effect of Si doping in the barriers,” Phys. Rev. B 64(24), 245339 (2001). [CrossRef]
U. Tisch, B. Meyler, O. Katz, E. Finkman, and J. Salzman, “Dependence of the refractive index of AlxGa1-xN on temperature and composition at elevated temperatures,” J. Appl. Phys. 89(5), 2676–2685 (2001). [CrossRef]
Y. Kawakami, K. Omae, A. Kaneta, K. Okamoto, T. Izumi, S. Saijou, K. Inoue, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and S. Fujita, “Radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in GaN-based semiconductors,” Phys. Status Solidi A 183(1), 41–50 (2001). [CrossRef]
K. Ueno, S. Juodkazis, V. Mizeikis, K. Sasaki, and H. Misawa, “Clusters of closely spaced gold nanoparticles as a source of two-photon photoluminescence at visible wavelengths,” Adv. Mater. 20(1), 26–30 (2008). [CrossRef]

Abell, J.
Atwater, H. A.
Aussenegg, F. R.
Barnes, W. L.
Bhattacharyya, A.
Biteen, J. S.
Boroditsky, M.
Byeon, C. C.
Chang, Y. C.
Chen, C. Y.
Cho, C. Y.
Choi, C. K.
Chumanov, G.
DenBaars, S. P.
Dimakis, E.
DiMaria, J.
Ditlbacher, H.
Everitt, H. O.
Finkman, E.
Fujita, S.
Gainer, G. H.
Gontijo, I.
Gunnarsson, L.
Haynes, C. L.
Heckel, J. C.
Henson, J.
Huang, C. F.
Huang, J. J.
Inoue, K.
Izumi, T.
Jeong, H.
Juodkazis, S.
Käll, M.
Kaneta, A.
Kasemo, B.
Katz, O.
Kawakami, Y.
Keller, S.
Khurgin, J. B.
Kim, B. H.
Kim, H.
Kim, J. D.
Kim, J. Y.
Krenn, J. R.
Kuroda, T.
Kwon, M. K.
Kwon, Y. H.
Lamprecht, B.
Lechner, R. T.
Lee, C.-W.
Lee, K. J.
Lee, Y. S.
Leitner, A.
Lewis, N. S.
Little, B. D.
Lu, Y. C.
McFarland, A. D.
Mertens, H.
Meyler, B.
Misawa, H.
Mishra, U. K.
Mizeikis, V.
Moustakas, T. D.
Mukai, T.
Narukawa, Y.
Neogi, A.
Niki, I.
Oh, T. S.
Okamoto, K.
Omae, K.
Paiella, R.
Park, A. H.
Park, I. K.
Park, S. J.
Polman, A.
Prikulis, J.
Saijou, S.
Salzman, J.
Sasaki, K.
Schatz, G. C.
Scherer, A.
Schider, G.
Seo, T. H.
Shvartser, A.
Song, J. J.
Soref, R. A.
Suh, E. K.
Sun, G.
Sweatlock, L. A.
Tackeuchi, A.
Tang, T. Y.
Tichelaar, F. D.
Tisch, U.
Ueno, K.
Van Duyne, R. P.
Verhoeven, J.
Yablonovitch, E.
Yang, C. C.
Yeh, D. M.
Zhao, L. L.

Adv. Mater.

M. K. Kwon, J. Y. Kim, B. H. Kim, I. K. Park, C. Y. Cho, C. C. Byeon, and S. J. Park, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light-emitting diodes,” Adv. Mater. 20(7), 1253–1257 (2008). [CrossRef]
K. Ueno, S. Juodkazis, V. Mizeikis, K. Sasaki, and H. Misawa, “Clusters of closely spaced gold nanoparticles as a source of two-photon photoluminescence at visible wavelengths,” Adv. Mater. 20(1), 26–30 (2008). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Y. C. Lu, C. Y. Chen, D. M. Yeh, C. F. Huang, T. Y. Tang, J. J. Huang, and C. C. Yang, “Temperature dependence of the surface plasmon coupling with an InGaN/GaN quantum well,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 193103 (2007). [CrossRef]
T. S. Oh, H. Jeong, Y. S. Lee, J. D. Kim, T. H. Seo, H. Kim, A. H. Park, K. J. Lee, and E. K. Suh, “Coupling of InGaN/GaN multiquantum-wells photoluminescence to surface plasmons in platinum nanocluster,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(11), 111112 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Henson, J. C. Heckel, E. Dimakis, J. Abell, A. Bhattacharyya, G. Chumanov, T. D. Moustakas, and R. Paiella, “Plasmon-enhanced light emission from InGaN quantum wells via coupling to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(15), 151109 (2009). [CrossRef]
G. Sun, J. B. Khurgin, and R. A. Soref, “Practical enhancement of photoluminescence by metal nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(10), 101103 (2009). [CrossRef]
H. Mertens, J. Verhoeven, A. Polman, and F. D. Tichelaar, “Infrared surface plasmons in two-dimensional silver nanoparticle arrays in silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(8), 1317–1319 (2004). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

J. Henson, J. DiMaria, and R. Paiella, “Influence of nanoparticle height on plasmonic resonance wavelength and electromagnetic field enhancement in two-dimensional arrays,” J. Appl. Phys. 106(9), 093111 (2009). [CrossRef]
U. Tisch, B. Meyler, O. Katz, E. Finkman, and J. Salzman, “Dependence of the refractive index of AlxGa1-xN on temperature and composition at elevated temperatures,” J. Appl. Phys. 89(5), 2676–2685 (2001). [CrossRef]

J. Mod. Opt.

W. L. Barnes, “Fluorescence near interfaces: the role of photonic mode density,” J. Mod. Opt. 45, 661–699 (1998). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. B

C. L. Haynes, A. D. McFarland, L. L. Zhao, R. P. Van Duyne, G. C. Schatz, L. Gunnarsson, J. Prikulis, B. Kasemo, and M. Käll, “Nanoparticle optics: the importance of radiative dipole coupling in two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107(30), 7337–7342 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. C

J. S. Biteen, L. A. Sweatlock, H. Mertens, N. S. Lewis, A. Polman, and H. A. Atwater, “Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence of silicon quantum dots: simulation and experiment,” J. Phys. Chem. C 111(36), 13372–13377 (2007). [CrossRef]

Nanotechnology

D. M. Yeh, C. F. Huang, C. Y. Chen, Y. C. Lu, and C. C. Yang, “Localized surface plasmon-induced emission enhancement of a green light-emitting diode,” Nanotechnology 19(34), 345201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Mater.

K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater. 3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. B

I. Gontijo, M. Boroditsky, E. Yablonovitch, S. Keller, U. K. Mishra, and S. P. DenBaars, “Coupling of InGaN quantum-well photoluminescence to silver surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B 60(16), 11564–11567 (1999). [CrossRef]
A. Neogi, C.-W. Lee, H. O. Everitt, T. Kuroda, A. Tackeuchi, and E. Yablonovitch, “Enhancement of spontaneous recombination rate in a quantum well by resonant surface plasmon coupling,” Phys. Rev. B 66(15), 153305 (2002). [CrossRef]
C. K. Choi, Y. H. Kwon, B. D. Little, G. H. Gainer, J. J. Song, Y. C. Chang, S. Keller, U. K. Mishra, and S. P. DenBaars, “Time-resolved photoluminescence of InxGa1-xN/GaN multiple quantum well structures: effect of Si doping in the barriers,” Phys. Rev. B 64(24), 245339 (2001). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

B. Lamprecht, G. Schider, R. T. Lechner, H. Ditlbacher, J. R. Krenn, A. Leitner, and F. R. Aussenegg, “Metal nanoparticle gratings: influence of dipolar particle interaction on the plasmon resonance,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(20), 4721–4724 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Status Solidi A

Y. Kawakami, K. Omae, A. Kaneta, K. Okamoto, T. Izumi, S. Saijou, K. Inoue, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and S. Fujita, “Radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in GaN-based semiconductors,” Phys. Status Solidi A 183(1), 41–50 (2001). [CrossRef]

Other

S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications (Springer, 2007), Chap. 5.

2009, Oh, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2009, Henson, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2009, Sun, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2009, Henson, J. Appl. Phys.
2008, Kwon, Adv. Mater.
2008, Yeh, Nanotechnology
2008, Ueno, Adv. Mater.
2007, Biteen, J. Phys. Chem. C
2007, Lu, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2004, Okamoto, Nat. Mater.
2004, Mertens, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2003, Haynes, J. Phys. Chem. B
2002, Neogi, Phys. Rev. B
2001, Choi, Phys. Rev. B
2001, Tisch, J. Appl. Phys.
2001, Kawakami, Phys. Status Solidi A
2000, Lamprecht, Phys. Rev. Lett.
1999, Gontijo, Phys. Rev. B
1998, Barnes, J. Mod. Opt.

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