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Saturable absorption in composites doped with metal nanoparticlesKwang-Hyon Kim, Anton Husakou, and Joachim Herrmann »View Author Affiliations
Kwang-Hyon Kim,1,2
Anton Husakou,1
and Joachim Herrmann1,*
1Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Str. 2a, Berlin D-12489, Germany 2Coherent Optics Department, Institute of Lasers, State Academy of Sciences, Unjong District, Pyongyang, DPR Korea *Corresponding author: jherrman@mbi-berlin.de |
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 21, pp. 21918-21925 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.021918
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Abstract
We study saturable absorption and the nonlinear contribution to the refractive index of metal-nanoparticle composites by using a modified self-consistent Maxwell-Garnett formalism for spherical nanoparticles and a generalization of the discrete-dipole formalism for particles of arbitrary shape and size. The results for fused silica doped with silver nanoparticles show that the saturation of loss of the composites is strongest near the surface plasmon resonance and the saturation intensity is in the range of 10 MW/cm2. The nonlinear refraction index decrease with increasing intensity and its sign depends on frequency and filling factor. The predictions show that metal-nanoparticle composites can be used for mode locking of lasers in a broad spectral range down to 400 nm, where attractive saturable absorbers are still missing.
© 2010 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(190.4400) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, materials
(250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: July 30, 2010
Revised Manuscript: September 24, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: September 24, 2010
Published: September 30, 2010
Citation
Kwang-Hyon Kim, Anton Husakou, and Joachim Herrmann, "Saturable absorption in composites doped with metal nanoparticles," Opt. Express 18, 21918-21925 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-21-21918
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References
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- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
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- R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyanskii, A. L. Stepanov, and T. Usmanov, "Nonlinear absorption at visible light in silicate glasses doped with copper nanoparticles," Quantum Electron. 33, 1081-1084 (2003). [CrossRef]
- U. Gurudas, E. Brooks, D. M. Heiroth, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, "Saturable and reverse saturable absorption in silver nanodots at 532 nm using picosecond laser pulses," J. Appl. Phys. 104, 073107 (2008). [CrossRef]
- U. Gurudas, E. Brooks, D. M. Heiroth, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, "Saturable and reverse saturable absorption in silver nanodots at 532 nm using picosecond laser pulses," J. Appl. Phys. 104, 073107 (2008). [CrossRef]
- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
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- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
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- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
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- R. Philip, G. R. Kumar, N. Sandhyarari, and T. Pradeep, "Picosecond optical nonlinearity in monolayer-protected gold, silver, and gold-silver alloy nanoclusters," Phys. Rev. B 62, 13160 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Kyong and M. Lee, "Nonlinear absorption and refractive index measurements of silver nanorods by the Z-scan technique," Opt. Commun. 171, 145-148 (1999). [CrossRef]
- H. I. Elim, J. Yang, J.-Y. Lee, J. Mi, and W. Ji, "Observation of saturable and reverse-saturable absorption at longitudinal surface plasmon resonance in gold nanorods," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 083107 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Kyong and M. Lee, "Nonlinear absorption and refractive index measurements of silver nanorods by the Z-scan technique," Opt. Commun. 171, 145-148 (1999). [CrossRef]
- U. Gurudas, E. Brooks, D. M. Heiroth, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, "Saturable and reverse saturable absorption in silver nanodots at 532 nm using picosecond laser pulses," J. Appl. Phys. 104, 073107 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, "Large energy soliton erbium-doped fibe laser with a graphenepolymer composite mode locker," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 141103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Rangel-Rojo, J. McCarthy, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. C. Cheang-Wong, A. Crespo-Sosa, A. Lopez-Suarez, A. Olibier, V. Rodriguez-Iglesias, and H. G. Silva-Rereyra, "Anisotropy in the nonlinear absorption of elongated silver nanoparticles in silica, probed by femtosecond pulses," Opt. Commun. 282, 1909-1912 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y.-C. Chen, N. R. Raravikar, L. S. Schadler, P. M. Ajayan, Y.-P. Zhao, T. M. Lu, G.-C. Wang, and X.-C. Zhang, "Ultrafast optical switching properties of single-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites at 1.55µm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 975-977 (2002). [CrossRef]
- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. Rangel-Rojo, J. McCarthy, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. C. Cheang-Wong, A. Crespo-Sosa, A. Lopez-Suarez, A. Olibier, V. Rodriguez-Iglesias, and H. G. Silva-Rereyra, "Anisotropy in the nonlinear absorption of elongated silver nanoparticles in silica, probed by femtosecond pulses," Opt. Commun. 282, 1909-1912 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. I. Elim, J. Yang, J.-Y. Lee, J. Mi, and W. Ji, "Observation of saturable and reverse-saturable absorption at longitudinal surface plasmon resonance in gold nanorods," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 083107 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Rangel-Rojo, J. McCarthy, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. C. Cheang-Wong, A. Crespo-Sosa, A. Lopez-Suarez, A. Olibier, V. Rodriguez-Iglesias, and H. G. Silva-Rereyra, "Anisotropy in the nonlinear absorption of elongated silver nanoparticles in silica, probed by femtosecond pulses," Opt. Commun. 282, 1909-1912 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Pelton, J. Aizpurura and G. Bryant, "Metal nanoparticle plasmonics," Laser Photon. Rev. 2, 136-159 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. Wundke, S. Poetting, J. Auxier, A. Schuelzgen, N. Peyghambarian, and N. F. Borrelli, "PbS quantum-dotdoped glasses for ultrashort-pulse generation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 10-12 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Philip, G. R. Kumar, N. Sandhyarari, and T. Pradeep, "Picosecond optical nonlinearity in monolayer-protected gold, silver, and gold-silver alloy nanoclusters," Phys. Rev. B 62, 13160 (2000). [CrossRef]
- K. Wundke, S. Poetting, J. Auxier, A. Schuelzgen, N. Peyghambarian, and N. F. Borrelli, "PbS quantum-dotdoped glasses for ultrashort-pulse generation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 10-12 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Philip, G. R. Kumar, N. Sandhyarari, and T. Pradeep, "Picosecond optical nonlinearity in monolayer-protected gold, silver, and gold-silver alloy nanoclusters," Phys. Rev. B 62, 13160 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Rangel-Rojo, J. McCarthy, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. C. Cheang-Wong, A. Crespo-Sosa, A. Lopez-Suarez, A. Olibier, V. Rodriguez-Iglesias, and H. G. Silva-Rereyra, "Anisotropy in the nonlinear absorption of elongated silver nanoparticles in silica, probed by femtosecond pulses," Opt. Commun. 282, 1909-1912 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y.-C. Chen, N. R. Raravikar, L. S. Schadler, P. M. Ajayan, Y.-P. Zhao, T. M. Lu, G.-C. Wang, and X.-C. Zhang, "Ultrafast optical switching properties of single-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites at 1.55µm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 975-977 (2002). [CrossRef]
- R. Rangel-Rojo, J. McCarthy, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. C. Cheang-Wong, A. Crespo-Sosa, A. Lopez-Suarez, A. Olibier, V. Rodriguez-Iglesias, and H. G. Silva-Rereyra, "Anisotropy in the nonlinear absorption of elongated silver nanoparticles in silica, probed by femtosecond pulses," Opt. Commun. 282, 1909-1912 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. Rangel-Rojo, J. McCarthy, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. C. Cheang-Wong, A. Crespo-Sosa, A. Lopez-Suarez, A. Olibier, V. Rodriguez-Iglesias, and H. G. Silva-Rereyra, "Anisotropy in the nonlinear absorption of elongated silver nanoparticles in silica, probed by femtosecond pulses," Opt. Commun. 282, 1909-1912 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyanskii, A. L. Stepanov, and T. Usmanov, "Nonlinear absorption at visible light in silicate glasses doped with copper nanoparticles," Quantum Electron. 33, 1081-1084 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, A. L. Stepanov, and T. Usmanov, "Saturated absorption and nonlinear refraction of silicate glasses doped with silver nanoparticles at 532 nm," Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 949-960 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. Philip, G. R. Kumar, N. Sandhyarari, and T. Pradeep, "Picosecond optical nonlinearity in monolayer-protected gold, silver, and gold-silver alloy nanoclusters," Phys. Rev. B 62, 13160 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Y.-C. Chen, N. R. Raravikar, L. S. Schadler, P. M. Ajayan, Y.-P. Zhao, T. M. Lu, G.-C. Wang, and X.-C. Zhang, "Ultrafast optical switching properties of single-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites at 1.55µm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 975-977 (2002). [CrossRef]
- K. Wundke, S. Poetting, J. Auxier, A. Schuelzgen, N. Peyghambarian, and N. F. Borrelli, "PbS quantum-dotdoped glasses for ultrashort-pulse generation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 10-12 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Rangel-Rojo, J. McCarthy, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, L. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. C. Cheang-Wong, A. Crespo-Sosa, A. Lopez-Suarez, A. Olibier, V. Rodriguez-Iglesias, and H. G. Silva-Rereyra, "Anisotropy in the nonlinear absorption of elongated silver nanoparticles in silica, probed by femtosecond pulses," Opt. Commun. 282, 1909-1912 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. E. Sipe and R. W. Boyd, "Nonlinear susceptibility of composite optical materials in Maxwell Garnett model," Phys. Rev. A 46, 1614-1629 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, A. L. Stepanov, and T. Usmanov, "Saturated absorption and nonlinear refraction of silicate glasses doped with silver nanoparticles at 532 nm," Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 949-960 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyanskii, A. L. Stepanov, and T. Usmanov, "Nonlinear absorption at visible light in silicate glasses doped with copper nanoparticles," Quantum Electron. 33, 1081-1084 (2003). [CrossRef]
- H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, "Large energy soliton erbium-doped fibe laser with a graphenepolymer composite mode locker," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 141103 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, A. L. Stepanov, and T. Usmanov, "Saturated absorption and nonlinear refraction of silicate glasses doped with silver nanoparticles at 532 nm," Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 949-960 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyanskii, A. L. Stepanov, and T. Usmanov, "Nonlinear absorption at visible light in silicate glasses doped with copper nanoparticles," Quantum Electron. 33, 1081-1084 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y.-C. Chen, N. R. Raravikar, L. S. Schadler, P. M. Ajayan, Y.-P. Zhao, T. M. Lu, G.-C. Wang, and X.-C. Zhang, "Ultrafast optical switching properties of single-wall carbon nanotube polymer composites at 1.55µm," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 975-977 (2002). [CrossRef]
- U. Keller, K. J. Weingarten, F. X. Kaertner, D. Kopf, B. Braun, I. D. Jung, R. Fluck, C. Hoenninger, N. Matuschek, and J . Aus der Au, "Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) for femtosecond to nanosecond pulse generation in solid-state lasers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2, 435-453 (1996). [CrossRef]
- U. Gurudas, E. Brooks, D. M. Heiroth, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, "Saturable and reverse saturable absorption in silver nanodots at 532 nm using picosecond laser pulses," J. Appl. Phys. 104, 073107 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. Wundke, S. Poetting, J. Auxier, A. Schuelzgen, N. Peyghambarian, and N. F. Borrelli, "PbS quantum-dotdoped glasses for ultrashort-pulse generation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 10-12 (2000). [CrossRef]
- H. I. Elim, J. Yang, J.-Y. Lee, J. Mi, and W. Ji, "Observation of saturable and reverse-saturable absorption at longitudinal surface plasmon resonance in gold nanorods," Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 083107 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Zhang, Q. Bao, D. Tang, L. Zhao, and K. Loh, "Large energy soliton erbium-doped fibe laser with a graphenepolymer composite mode locker," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 141103 (2009). [CrossRef]
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