Fourier-holographic light scattering spectroscopy is applied to record complex angular scattering spectra of two- and three-dimensional samples over a wide field of view. We introduce a computational depth sectioning technique and, for the first time, demonstrate that a single-exposure hologram can generate a quantitative, three-dimensional map of particle sizes and locations over several cubic millimeters with micrometer resolution. Such spatially resolved maps of particle sizes are generated by Mie-inversion and could not be ascertained from the directly reconstructed intensity-distribution images. We also demonstrate synthesis of multiple angular scattering intensity spectra to increase the angular range and improve size detection sensitivity.

© 2010 OSA

1. G. Sluder, and D. E. Wolf, Digital Microscopy: a Second Edition of Video Microscopy, (Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2003).
2. S. A. Alexandrov, T. R. Hillman, and D. D. Sampson, “Spatially resolved Fourier holographic light scattering angular spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3305–3307 (2005). [CrossRef]
3. T. R. Hillman, S. A. Alexandrov, T. Gutzler, and D. D. Sampson, “Microscopic particle discrimination using spatially-resolved Fourier-holographic light scattering angular spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 14(23), 11088–11102 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. K. Sokolov, R. Drezek, K. Gossage, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Reflectance spectroscopy with polarized light: is it sensitive to cellular and nuclear morphology,” Opt. Express 5(13), 302–317 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. V. Backman, M. B. Wallace, L. T. Perelman, J. T. Arendt, R. Gurjar, M. G. Müller, Q. Zhang, G. Zonios, E. Kline, J. A. McGilligan, S. Shapshay, T. Valdez, K. Badizadegan, J. M. Crawford, M. Fitzmaurice, S. Kabani, H. S. Levin, M. Seiler, R. R. Dasari, I. Itzkan, J. Van Dam, M. S. Feld, and T. McGillican, “Detection of preinvasive cancer cells,” Nature 406(6791), 35–36 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. A. Wax, C. H. Yang, M. G. Müller, R. Nines, C. W. Boone, V. E. Steele, G. D. Stoner, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “In situ detection of neoplastic transformation and chemopreventive effects in rat esophagus epithelium using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry,” Cancer Res. 63(13), 3556–3559 (2003). [PubMed]
7. W. P. Van De Merwe, J. Czégé, M. E. Milham, and B. V. Bronk, “Rapid optically based measurements of diameter and length for spherical or rod-shaped bacteria in vivo,” Appl. Opt. 43(28), 5295–5302 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. H. F. Ding, Z. Wang, F. Nguyen, S. A. Boppart, and G. Popescu, “Fourier transform light scattering of inhomogeneous and dynamic structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(23), 238102 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. J. R. Mourant, T. M. Johnson, S. Carpenter, A. Guerra, T. Aida, and J. P. Freyer, “Polarized angular dependent spectroscopy of epithelial cells and epithelial cell nuclei to determine the size scale of scattering structures,” J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 378–387 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. J. D. Wilson and T. H. Foster, “Mie theory interpretations of light scattering from intact cells,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2442–2444 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. M. J. Berg, S. C. Hill, G. Videen, and K. P. Gurton, “Spatial filtering technique to image and measure two-dimensional near-forward scattering from single particles,” Opt. Express 18(9), 9486–9495 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. Y. Z. Zhu, M. G. Giacomelli, and A. Wax, “Fiber-optic interferometric two-dimensional scattering-measurement system,” Opt. Lett. 35(10), 1641–1643 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. H. Fang, M. Ollero, E. Vitkin, L. M. Kimerer, P. B. Cipolloni, M. M. Zaman, S. D. Freedman, I. J. Bigio, I. Itzkan, E. B. Hanlon, and L. T. Perelman, “Noninvasive sizing of subcellular organelles with light scattering spectroscopy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(2), 267–276 (2003). [CrossRef]
14. R. S. Gurjar, V. Backman, L. T. Perelman, I. Georgakoudi, K. Badizadegan, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Imaging human epithelial properties with polarized light-scattering spectroscopy,” Nat. Med. 7(11), 1245–1248 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, R. K. Wali, H. K. Roy, M. J. Goldberg, A. K. Kromin, K. Chen, and V. Backman, “Simultaneous measurement of angular and spectral properties of light scattering for characterization of tissue microarchitecture and its alteration in early precancer,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(2), 243–256 (2003). [CrossRef]
16. R. N. Graf and A. Wax, “Nuclear morphology measurements using Fourier domain low coherence interferometry,” Opt. Express 13(12), 4693–4698 (2005). [CrossRef]
17. A. Wax, C. H. Yang, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Measurement of angular distributions by use of low-coherence interferometry for light-scattering spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26(6), 322–324 (2001). [CrossRef]
18. M. Bartlett, G. Huang, L. Larcom, and H. B. Jiang, “Measurement of particle size distribution in mammalian cells in vitro by use of polarized light spectroscopy,” Appl. Opt. 43(6), 1296–1307 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. Y. Liu, Y. L. Kim, X. Li, and V. Backman, “Investigation of depth selectivity of polarization gating for tissue characterization,” Opt. Express 13(2), 601–611 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. F. C. Cheong, K. Xiao, and D. G. Grier, “Technical note: characterizing individual milk fat globules with holographic video microscopy,” J. Dairy Sci. 92(1), 95–99 (2009). [CrossRef]
21. S. Seo, T. W. Su, D. K. Tseng, A. Erlinger, and A. Ozcan, “Lensfree holographic imaging for on-chip cytometry and diagnostics,” Lab Chip 9(6), 777–787 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. X. C. Wu, G. Gréhan, S. Meunier-Guttin-Cluzel, L. H. Chen, and K. F. Cen, “Sizing of particles smaller than 5 microm in digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(6), 857–859 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. S. H. Lee, Y. Roichman, G. R. Yi, S. H. Kim, S. M. Yang, A. van Blaaderen, P. van Oostrum, and D. G. Grier, “Characterizing and tracking single colloidal particles with video holographic microscopy,” Opt. Express 15(26), 18275–18282 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. T. R. Hillman, T. Gutzler, S. A. Alexandrov, and D. D. Sampson, “High-resolution, wide-field object reconstruction with synthetic aperture Fourier holographic optical microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(10), 7873–7892 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. D. J. Brady, K. Choi, D. L. Marks, R. Horisaki, and S. Lim, “Compressive holography,” Opt. Express 17(15), 13040–13049 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. S. A. Alexandrov, T. R. Hillman, T. Gutzler, and D. D. Sampson, “Synthetic aperture fourier holographic optical microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(16), 168102 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
27. T. Gutzler, T. R. Hillman, S. A. Alexandrov, and D. D. Sampson, “Coherent aperture-synthesis, wide-field, high-resolution holographic microscopy of biological tissue,” Opt. Lett. 35(8), 1136–1138 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
28. J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier optics, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).
29. I. Moon, M. Daneshpanah, B. Javidi, and A. Stern, “Automated three-dimensional identification and tracking of micro/nanobiological organisms by computational holographic microscopy,” Proc. IEEE 97(6), 990–1010 (2009). [CrossRef]
30. B. Dai, X. D. Luo, and Y. W. Wang, “Multiple light scattering of non-spherical particles with elliptical cross section,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 3864–3869 (2009).

Acta Phys. Sin.

• B. Dai, X. D. Luo, and Y. W. Wang, “Multiple light scattering of non-spherical particles with elliptical cross section,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 3864–3869 (2009).

Appl. Opt.

• M. Bartlett, G. Huang, L. Larcom, and H. B. Jiang, “Measurement of particle size distribution in mammalian cells in vitro by use of polarized light spectroscopy,” Appl. Opt. 43(6), 1296–1307 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• W. P. Van De Merwe, J. Czégé, M. E. Milham, and B. V. Bronk, “Rapid optically based measurements of diameter and length for spherical or rod-shaped bacteria in vivo,” Appl. Opt. 43(28), 5295–5302 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Cancer Res.

• A. Wax, C. H. Yang, M. G. Müller, R. Nines, C. W. Boone, V. E. Steele, G. D. Stoner, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “In situ detection of neoplastic transformation and chemopreventive effects in rat esophagus epithelium using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry,” Cancer Res. 63(13), 3556–3559 (2003). [PubMed]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• H. Fang, M. Ollero, E. Vitkin, L. M. Kimerer, P. B. Cipolloni, M. M. Zaman, S. D. Freedman, I. J. Bigio, I. Itzkan, E. B. Hanlon, and L. T. Perelman, “Noninvasive sizing of subcellular organelles with light scattering spectroscopy,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(2), 267–276 (2003). [CrossRef]
• Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, R. K. Wali, H. K. Roy, M. J. Goldberg, A. K. Kromin, K. Chen, and V. Backman, “Simultaneous measurement of angular and spectral properties of light scattering for characterization of tissue microarchitecture and its alteration in early precancer,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(2), 243–256 (2003). [CrossRef]

J. Biomed. Opt.

• J. R. Mourant, T. M. Johnson, S. Carpenter, A. Guerra, T. Aida, and J. P. Freyer, “Polarized angular dependent spectroscopy of epithelial cells and epithelial cell nuclei to determine the size scale of scattering structures,” J. Biomed. Opt. 7(3), 378–387 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Dairy Sci.

• F. C. Cheong, K. Xiao, and D. G. Grier, “Technical note: characterizing individual milk fat globules with holographic video microscopy,” J. Dairy Sci. 92(1), 95–99 (2009). [CrossRef]

Lab Chip

• S. Seo, T. W. Su, D. K. Tseng, A. Erlinger, and A. Ozcan, “Lensfree holographic imaging for on-chip cytometry and diagnostics,” Lab Chip 9(6), 777–787 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Med.

• R. S. Gurjar, V. Backman, L. T. Perelman, I. Georgakoudi, K. Badizadegan, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Imaging human epithelial properties with polarized light-scattering spectroscopy,” Nat. Med. 7(11), 1245–1248 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nature

• V. Backman, M. B. Wallace, L. T. Perelman, J. T. Arendt, R. Gurjar, M. G. Müller, Q. Zhang, G. Zonios, E. Kline, J. A. McGilligan, S. Shapshay, T. Valdez, K. Badizadegan, J. M. Crawford, M. Fitzmaurice, S. Kabani, H. S. Levin, M. Seiler, R. R. Dasari, I. Itzkan, J. Van Dam, M. S. Feld, and T. McGillican, “Detection of preinvasive cancer cells,” Nature 406(6791), 35–36 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

• T. R. Hillman, S. A. Alexandrov, T. Gutzler, and D. D. Sampson, “Microscopic particle discrimination using spatially-resolved Fourier-holographic light scattering angular spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 14(23), 11088–11102 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• K. Sokolov, R. Drezek, K. Gossage, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Reflectance spectroscopy with polarized light: is it sensitive to cellular and nuclear morphology,” Opt. Express 5(13), 302–317 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. N. Graf and A. Wax, “Nuclear morphology measurements using Fourier domain low coherence interferometry,” Opt. Express 13(12), 4693–4698 (2005). [CrossRef]
• M. J. Berg, S. C. Hill, G. Videen, and K. P. Gurton, “Spatial filtering technique to image and measure two-dimensional near-forward scattering from single particles,” Opt. Express 18(9), 9486–9495 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Y. Liu, Y. L. Kim, X. Li, and V. Backman, “Investigation of depth selectivity of polarization gating for tissue characterization,” Opt. Express 13(2), 601–611 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. H. Lee, Y. Roichman, G. R. Yi, S. H. Kim, S. M. Yang, A. van Blaaderen, P. van Oostrum, and D. G. Grier, “Characterizing and tracking single colloidal particles with video holographic microscopy,” Opt. Express 15(26), 18275–18282 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• T. R. Hillman, T. Gutzler, S. A. Alexandrov, and D. D. Sampson, “High-resolution, wide-field object reconstruction with synthetic aperture Fourier holographic optical microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(10), 7873–7892 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. J. Brady, K. Choi, D. L. Marks, R. Horisaki, and S. Lim, “Compressive holography,” Opt. Express 17(15), 13040–13049 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• X. C. Wu, G. Gréhan, S. Meunier-Guttin-Cluzel, L. H. Chen, and K. F. Cen, “Sizing of particles smaller than 5 microm in digital holographic microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 34(6), 857–859 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• T. Gutzler, T. R. Hillman, S. A. Alexandrov, and D. D. Sampson, “Coherent aperture-synthesis, wide-field, high-resolution holographic microscopy of biological tissue,” Opt. Lett. 35(8), 1136–1138 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• Y. Z. Zhu, M. G. Giacomelli, and A. Wax, “Fiber-optic interferometric two-dimensional scattering-measurement system,” Opt. Lett. 35(10), 1641–1643 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. D. Wilson and T. H. Foster, “Mie theory interpretations of light scattering from intact cells,” Opt. Lett. 30(18), 2442–2444 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Wax, C. H. Yang, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Measurement of angular distributions by use of low-coherence interferometry for light-scattering spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26(6), 322–324 (2001). [CrossRef]
• S. A. Alexandrov, T. R. Hillman, and D. D. Sampson, “Spatially resolved Fourier holographic light scattering angular spectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 30(24), 3305–3307 (2005). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• H. F. Ding, Z. Wang, F. Nguyen, S. A. Boppart, and G. Popescu, “Fourier transform light scattering of inhomogeneous and dynamic structures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(23), 238102 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. A. Alexandrov, T. R. Hillman, T. Gutzler, and D. D. Sampson, “Synthetic aperture fourier holographic optical microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(16), 168102 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Proc. IEEE

• I. Moon, M. Daneshpanah, B. Javidi, and A. Stern, “Automated three-dimensional identification and tracking of micro/nanobiological organisms by computational holographic microscopy,” Proc. IEEE 97(6), 990–1010 (2009). [CrossRef]

Other

• J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier optics, 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).
• G. Sluder, and D. E. Wolf, Digital Microscopy: a Second Edition of Video Microscopy, (Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2003).

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