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Mid-IR laser oscillation in Cr2+:ZnSe planar waveguideJ. E. Williams, V. V. Fedorov, D. V. Martyshkin, I. S. Moskalev, R. P. Camata,, and S. B. Mirov »View Author Affiliations
J. E. Williams,1,*
V. V. Fedorov,1,2
D. V. Martyshkin,1,2
I. S. Moskalev,2
R. P. Camata,,1
and S. B. Mirov1,2
1Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35295, USA 2Photonics Innovations, Inc, 1500 1st Ave N, Unit 39, Birmingham, AL 35203, USA *Corresponding author: jwill18@uab.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 25, pp. 25999-26006 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.025999
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Abstract
We demonstrate 2.6 µm mid-infrared lasing at room temperature in a planar waveguide structure. Planar waveguides were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) by depositing chromium doped zinc selenide thin films on sapphire substrate (Cr2+:ZnSe/sapphire). Highly doped Cr2+:ZnSe/Sapphire thin film sample was also used to demonstrate passive Q-switching of Er:YAG laser operating at 1.645 µm.
© 2010 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3070) Lasers and laser optics : Infrared and far-infrared lasers
(160.6990) Materials : Transition-metal-doped materials
(230.7390) Optical devices : Waveguides, planar
(310.1860) Thin films : Deposition and fabrication
(310.6860) Thin films : Thin films, optical properties
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: August 25, 2010
Revised Manuscript: October 3, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: October 3, 2010
Published: November 30, 2010
Citation
J. E. Williams, V. V. Fedorov, D. V. Martyshkin, I. S. Moskalev, R. P. Camata,, and S. B. Mirov, "Mid-IR laser oscillation in Cr2+:ZnSe planar waveguide," Opt. Express 18, 25999-26006 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-25-25999
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References
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- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
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- A. Fazzio, M. J. Caldas, and A. Zunger, “Many-electron multiplet effects in the spectra of 3d impurities in heteropolar semiconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 30(6), 3430–3455 (1984). [CrossRef]
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- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Direct experimental determination of the optimum chromium concentration in continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 823–830 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, P. F. Oleksenko, Z. L. Denisova, M. O. Mukhlyo, and L. I. Veligura, “Cr-related energy levels and mechanism of Cr2+ ion photorecharge in ZnSe:Cr,” Phys. Status Solidi 245(11), 2550–2557 (2008) (b). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, L. I. Veligura, and Yu. A. Tsyrkunov, “Near-infrared-emitting ZnSe:Er and ZnS(Se):Cr TFEL devices,” SID J. 12, 179–182 (2004).
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Vivet, M. Morales, M. Levalois, J. L. Doualan, and R. Moncorge, “Photoluminescence properties of Cr2+:ZnSe films deposited by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(18), 181915 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Fazzio, M. J. Caldas, and A. Zunger, “Many-electron multiplet effects in the spectra of 3d impurities in heteropolar semiconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 30(6), 3430–3455 (1984). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, and C. Kim, “Progess in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials,” Laser Photonics Rev. 4(1), 21–41 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. E. Williams, R. P. Camata, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “Pulsed laser deposition of chromium-doped zinc selenide thin films for mid-infrared applications,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 91(2), 333–335 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, A. Gallian, I. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “En route to electrically pumped broadly tunable middle infrared lasers based on transition metal doped II-VI semiconductors,” J. Lumin. 125(1-2), 184–195 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. B. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and D. V. Martyshkin, “Recent progress in transition metal doped II-VI mid-IR lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 810–822 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, A. Gallian, I. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “En route to electrically pumped broadly tunable middle infrared lasers based on transition metal doped II-VI semiconductors,” J. Lumin. 125(1-2), 184–195 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Vallin, G. A. Slack, S. Roberts, and A. E. Hughes, “Infrared absorption in some II-VI compounds doped with Cr,” Phys. Rev. B 2(11), 4313–4333 (1970). [CrossRef]
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, and C. Kim, “Progess in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials,” Laser Photonics Rev. 4(1), 21–41 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, L. I. Veligura, and Yu. A. Tsyrkunov, “Near-infrared-emitting ZnSe:Er and ZnS(Se):Cr TFEL devices,” SID J. 12, 179–182 (2004).
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Direct experimental determination of the optimum chromium concentration in continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 823–830 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- N. Vivet, M. Morales, M. Levalois, J. L. Doualan, and R. Moncorge, “Photoluminescence properties of Cr2+:ZnSe films deposited by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(18), 181915 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Wagner, T. J. Carrig, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, and A. Burger, “Continuous-wave broadly tunable Cr2+:ZnSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(1), 19–21 (1999). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, and C. Kim, “Progess in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials,” Laser Photonics Rev. 4(1), 21–41 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. B. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and D. V. Martyshkin, “Recent progress in transition metal doped II-VI mid-IR lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 810–822 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, and C. Kim, “Progess in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials,” Laser Photonics Rev. 4(1), 21–41 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. E. Williams, R. P. Camata, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “Pulsed laser deposition of chromium-doped zinc selenide thin films for mid-infrared applications,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 91(2), 333–335 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, A. Gallian, I. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “En route to electrically pumped broadly tunable middle infrared lasers based on transition metal doped II-VI semiconductors,” J. Lumin. 125(1-2), 184–195 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. B. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and D. V. Martyshkin, “Recent progress in transition metal doped II-VI mid-IR lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 810–822 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Vivet, M. Morales, M. Levalois, J. L. Doualan, and R. Moncorge, “Photoluminescence properties of Cr2+:ZnSe films deposited by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(18), 181915 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. Vivet, M. Morales, M. Levalois, J. L. Doualan, and R. Moncorge, “Photoluminescence properties of Cr2+:ZnSe films deposited by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(18), 181915 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, and C. Kim, “Progess in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials,” Laser Photonics Rev. 4(1), 21–41 (2010). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, A. Gallian, I. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “En route to electrically pumped broadly tunable middle infrared lasers based on transition metal doped II-VI semiconductors,” J. Lumin. 125(1-2), 184–195 (2007). [CrossRef]
- I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. B. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and D. V. Martyshkin, “Recent progress in transition metal doped II-VI mid-IR lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 810–822 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, P. F. Oleksenko, Z. L. Denisova, M. O. Mukhlyo, and L. I. Veligura, “Cr-related energy levels and mechanism of Cr2+ ion photorecharge in ZnSe:Cr,” Phys. Status Solidi 245(11), 2550–2557 (2008) (b). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Wagner, T. J. Carrig, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, and A. Burger, “Continuous-wave broadly tunable Cr2+:ZnSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(1), 19–21 (1999). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, P. F. Oleksenko, Z. L. Denisova, M. O. Mukhlyo, and L. I. Veligura, “Cr-related energy levels and mechanism of Cr2+ ion photorecharge in ZnSe:Cr,” Phys. Status Solidi 245(11), 2550–2557 (2008) (b). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Wagner, T. J. Carrig, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, and A. Burger, “Continuous-wave broadly tunable Cr2+:ZnSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(1), 19–21 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
- J. T. Vallin, G. A. Slack, S. Roberts, and A. E. Hughes, “Infrared absorption in some II-VI compounds doped with Cr,” Phys. Rev. B 2(11), 4313–4333 (1970). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Wagner, T. J. Carrig, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, and A. Burger, “Continuous-wave broadly tunable Cr2+:ZnSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(1), 19–21 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Direct experimental determination of the optimum chromium concentration in continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 823–830 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Vallin, G. A. Slack, S. Roberts, and A. E. Hughes, “Infrared absorption in some II-VI compounds doped with Cr,” Phys. Rev. B 2(11), 4313–4333 (1970). [CrossRef]
- A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Direct experimental determination of the optimum chromium concentration in continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 823–830 (2007). [CrossRef]
- I. T. Sorokina, “Cr2+-doped II-VI materials for laser and nonlinear optics,” Opt. Mater. 26(4), 395–412 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, L. I. Veligura, and Yu. A. Tsyrkunov, “Near-infrared-emitting ZnSe:Er and ZnS(Se):Cr TFEL devices,” SID J. 12, 179–182 (2004).
- J. T. Vallin, G. A. Slack, S. Roberts, and A. E. Hughes, “Infrared absorption in some II-VI compounds doped with Cr,” Phys. Rev. B 2(11), 4313–4333 (1970). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
- N. A. Vlasenko, P. F. Oleksenko, Z. L. Denisova, M. O. Mukhlyo, and L. I. Veligura, “Cr-related energy levels and mechanism of Cr2+ ion photorecharge in ZnSe:Cr,” Phys. Status Solidi 245(11), 2550–2557 (2008) (b). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, L. I. Veligura, and Yu. A. Tsyrkunov, “Near-infrared-emitting ZnSe:Er and ZnS(Se):Cr TFEL devices,” SID J. 12, 179–182 (2004).
- N. Vivet, M. Morales, M. Levalois, J. L. Doualan, and R. Moncorge, “Photoluminescence properties of Cr2+:ZnSe films deposited by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(18), 181915 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, P. F. Oleksenko, Z. L. Denisova, M. O. Mukhlyo, and L. I. Veligura, “Cr-related energy levels and mechanism of Cr2+ ion photorecharge in ZnSe:Cr,” Phys. Status Solidi 245(11), 2550–2557 (2008) (b). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, L. I. Veligura, and Yu. A. Tsyrkunov, “Near-infrared-emitting ZnSe:Er and ZnS(Se):Cr TFEL devices,” SID J. 12, 179–182 (2004).
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. E. Williams, R. P. Camata, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “Pulsed laser deposition of chromium-doped zinc selenide thin films for mid-infrared applications,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 91(2), 333–335 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Fazzio, M. J. Caldas, and A. Zunger, “Many-electron multiplet effects in the spectra of 3d impurities in heteropolar semiconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 30(6), 3430–3455 (1984). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Vivet, M. Morales, M. Levalois, J. L. Doualan, and R. Moncorge, “Photoluminescence properties of Cr2+:ZnSe films deposited by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(18), 181915 (2007). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process.
- J. E. Williams, R. P. Camata, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “Pulsed laser deposition of chromium-doped zinc selenide thin films for mid-infrared applications,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 91(2), 333–335 (2008). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. B. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and D. V. Martyshkin, “Recent progress in transition metal doped II-VI mid-IR lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 810–822 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Direct experimental determination of the optimum chromium concentration in continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 823–830 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Cryst. Growth
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
J. Lumin.
- V. V. Fedorov, A. Gallian, I. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “En route to electrically pumped broadly tunable middle infrared lasers based on transition metal doped II-VI semiconductors,” J. Lumin. 125(1-2), 184–195 (2007). [CrossRef]
Laser Photonics Rev.
- S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, and C. Kim, “Progess in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials,” Laser Photonics Rev. 4(1), 21–41 (2010). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- J. Jaeck, R. Haidar, E. Rosencher, M. Caes, M. Tauvy, S. Collin, N. Bardou, J. Luc Pelouard, F. Pardo, and P. Lemasson, “Room-temperature electroluminescence in the mid-infrared (2-3 mµ) from bulk chromium-doped ZnSe,” Opt. Lett. 31(23), 3501–3503 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Wagner, T. J. Carrig, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, and A. Burger, “Continuous-wave broadly tunable Cr2+:ZnSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(1), 19–21 (1999). [CrossRef]
Opt. Mater.
- I. T. Sorokina, “Cr2+-doped II-VI materials for laser and nonlinear optics,” Opt. Mater. 26(4), 395–412 (2004). [CrossRef]
Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
Phys. Rev. B
- J. T. Vallin, G. A. Slack, S. Roberts, and A. E. Hughes, “Infrared absorption in some II-VI compounds doped with Cr,” Phys. Rev. B 2(11), 4313–4333 (1970). [CrossRef]
- A. Fazzio, M. J. Caldas, and A. Zunger, “Many-electron multiplet effects in the spectra of 3d impurities in heteropolar semiconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 30(6), 3430–3455 (1984). [CrossRef]
Phys. Status Solidi
- N. A. Vlasenko, P. F. Oleksenko, Z. L. Denisova, M. O. Mukhlyo, and L. I. Veligura, “Cr-related energy levels and mechanism of Cr2+ ion photorecharge in ZnSe:Cr,” Phys. Status Solidi 245(11), 2550–2557 (2008) (b). [CrossRef]
SID J.
- N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, L. I. Veligura, and Yu. A. Tsyrkunov, “Near-infrared-emitting ZnSe:Er and ZnS(Se):Cr TFEL devices,” SID J. 12, 179–182 (2004).
Other
- O. Madelung, U. Rossler, and W. V. Osten, “Intristic properties of group IV elements and III-V, II-VI and II-VI compounds,” in Landolt-Bornstein: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology, H. Landolt, and R. Bornstein (Springer, 1987).
- I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, P. A. Berry, and K. L. Schepler, “12-Watt CW polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe laser pumped by Tm-fiber laser,” in Advance Solid-State Photonics, on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2009).
2010, Mirov, Laser Photonics Rev.
- S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, I. Moskalev, D. Martyshkin, and C. Kim, “Progess in Cr2+ and Fe2+ doped mid-IR laser materials,” Laser Photonics Rev. 4(1), 21–41 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, P. F. Oleksenko, Z. L. Denisova, M. O. Mukhlyo, and L. I. Veligura, “Cr-related energy levels and mechanism of Cr2+ ion photorecharge in ZnSe:Cr,” Phys. Status Solidi 245(11), 2550–2557 (2008) (b). [CrossRef]
- J. E. Williams, R. P. Camata, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “Pulsed laser deposition of chromium-doped zinc selenide thin films for mid-infrared applications,” Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 91(2), 333–335 (2008). [CrossRef]
- N. Vivet, M. Morales, M. Levalois, J. L. Doualan, and R. Moncorge, “Photoluminescence properties of Cr2+:ZnSe films deposited by radio frequency magnetron cosputtering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(18), 181915 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, A. Gallian, I. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “En route to electrically pumped broadly tunable middle infrared lasers based on transition metal doped II-VI semiconductors,” J. Lumin. 125(1-2), 184–195 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. B. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and D. V. Martyshkin, “Recent progress in transition metal doped II-VI mid-IR lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 810–822 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Direct experimental determination of the optimum chromium concentration in continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 823–830 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, A. Gallian, D. V. Badikov, M. P. Frolov, Y. V. Korostelin, V. I. Kozlovsky, A. I. Landman, Y. P. Podmar’kov, and V. A. Voronov, “3.77–5.05 µm Tunable solid state lasers based on Fe2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 42(9), 907–917 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Gallian, V. V. Fedorov, J. Kernal, J. Allman, S. B. Mirov, E. M. Dianov, A. O. Zabezhaylov, and I. P. Kazakov, “Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(9), 091105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, L. I. Veligura, and Yu. A. Tsyrkunov, “Near-infrared-emitting ZnSe:Er and ZnS(Se):Cr TFEL devices,” SID J. 12, 179–182 (2004).
- I. T. Sorokina, “Cr2+-doped II-VI materials for laser and nonlinear optics,” Opt. Mater. 26(4), 395–412 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Burger, K. Chattopadhyay, J. O. Ndap, X. Ma, S. H. Morgan, C. I. Rablau, C. H. Su, S. Feth, R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, and S. A. Payne, “Preparation conditions of chromium doped ZnSe and their infrared luminescence properties,” J. Cryst. Growth 225(2-4), 249–256 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. Deloach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped Zinc Chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997). [CrossRef]
- L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Vasilyev, N. A. Vlasenko, Z. L. Denisova, Ya. F. Kononets, A. I. Riskin, and A. Ya. Chomyak, “Electroluminescent emitters on range of 1.8-2.7 mkm,” Optoelecktronika I poluprovodnikovaya technika, Naukova Dumka 25, 68 (1993).
- A. Fazzio, M. J. Caldas, and A. Zunger, “Many-electron multiplet effects in the spectra of 3d impurities in heteropolar semiconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 30(6), 3430–3455 (1984). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Vallin, G. A. Slack, S. Roberts, and A. E. Hughes, “Infrared absorption in some II-VI compounds doped with Cr,” Phys. Rev. B 2(11), 4313–4333 (1970). [CrossRef]
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