High-power, broadly tunable, and  low-quantum-defect KGd1-xLux(WO4)2:Yb3+ channel waveguide lasers

doi:10.1364/OE.18.026107

High-power, broadly tunable, and  low-quantum-defect KGd_1-xLu_x(WO₄)₂:Yb³⁺ channel waveguide lasers

Dimitri Geskus, Shanmugam Aravazhi, Kerstin Wörhoff, and Markus Pollnau »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 25, pp. 26107-26112 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.026107

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Abstract

In KGd_1-xLu_x(WO₄)₂:Yb³⁺ channel waveguides grown onto KY(WO₄)₂ substrates by liquid phase epitaxy and microstructured by Ar⁺ beam etching, we produced 418 mW of continuous-wave output power at 1023 nm with a slope efficiency of 71% and a threshold of 40 mW of launched pump power at 981 nm. The degree of output coupling was 70%. By grating tuning in an extended cavity and pumping at 930 nm, we demonstrated laser operation from 980 nm to 1045 nm. When pumping at 973 nm, lasing at 980 nm with a record-low quantum defect of 0.7% was achieved.

OCIS Codes
(230.7380) Optical devices : Waveguides, channeled
(140.3615) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, ytterbium

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: October 7, 2010
Revised Manuscript: November 12, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: November 14, 2010
Published: November 30, 2010

Citation
Dimitri Geskus, Shanmugam Aravazhi, Kerstin Wörhoff, and Markus Pollnau, "High-power, broadly tunable, and  low-quantum-defect KGd_1-xLu_x(WO₄)₂:Yb³⁺ channel waveguide lasers," Opt. Express 18, 26107-26112 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-25-26107

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References

J. R. Lee, H. J. Baker, G. J. Friel, G. J. Hilton, and D. R. Hall, “High-average-power Nd:YAG planar waveguide laser that is face pumped by 10 laser diode bars,” Opt. Lett. 27(7), 524–526 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. Siebenmorgen, T. Calmano, K. Petermann, and G. Huber, “Highly efficient Yb:YAG channel waveguide laser written with a femtosecond-laser,” Opt. Express 18(15), 16035–16041 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. D. B. Bradley, R. Stoffer, L. Agazzi, F. Ay, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Integrated Al2O3:Er3+ ring laser on silicon with wide wavelength selectivity,” Opt. Lett. 35(1), 73–75 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Pudo, H. Byun, J. Chen, J. Sickler, F. X. Kärtner, and E. P. Ippen, “Scaling of passively mode-locked soliton erbium waveguide lasers based on slow saturable absorbers,” Opt. Express 16(23), 19221–19231 (2008). [CrossRef]
E. H. Bernhardi, H. A. G. M. van Wolferen, L. Agazzi, M. R. H. Khan, C. G. H. Roeloffzen, K. Wörhoff, M. Pollnau, and R. M. de Ridder, “Ultra-narrow-linewidth, single-frequency distributed feedback waveguide laser in Al2O3:Er3+ on silicon,” Opt. Lett. 35(14), 2394–2396 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Yang, M. B. J. Diemeer, C. Grivas, G. Sengo, A. Driessen, and M. Pollnau, “Steady-state lasing in a solid polymer,” Laser Phys. Lett. 7(9), 650–656 (2010). [CrossRef]
M. Pollnau, Y. E. Romanyuk, F. Gardillou, C. N. Borca, U. Griebner, S. Rivier, and V. Petrov, “Double tungstate lasers: From bulk toward on-chip integrated waveguide devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 661–671 (2007). [CrossRef]
A. A. Kaminskii, A. F. Konstantinova, V. P. Orekhova, A. V. Butashin, R. F. Klevtsova, and A. A. Pavlyuk, “Optical and nonlinear laser properties of the χ(3)-active monoclinic α-KY(WO4)2 crystals,” Crystallogr. Rep. 46(4), 665–672 (2001). [CrossRef]
N. V. Kuleshov, A. A. Lagatsky, A. V. Podlipensky, V. P. Mikhailov, and G. Huber, “Pulsed laser operation of Yb-doped KY(WO4)2 and KGd(WO4)2,” Opt. Lett. 22(17), 1317–1319 (1997). [CrossRef]
K. Petermann, D. Fagundes-Peters, J. Johannsen, M. Mond, V. Peters, J. J. Romero, S. Kutovoi, J. Speiser, and A. Giesen, “Highly Yb-doped oxides for thin-disc lasers,” J. Cryst. Growth 275(1-2), 135–140 (2005). [CrossRef]
R. Solé, V. Nikolov, X. Ruiz, J. Gavaldà, X. Solans, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Growth of β-KGd1-xNdx(WO4)2 single crystals in K2W2O7 solvents,” J. Cryst. Growth 169(3), 600–603 (1996). [CrossRef]
S. Rivier, X. Mateos, Ò. Silvestre, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, M. C. Pujol, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, S. Vernay, and D. Rytz, “Thin-disk Yb:KLu(WO4)2 laser with single-pass pumping,” Opt. Lett. 33(7), 735–737 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. Jacobsson, J. E. Hellström, V. Pasiskevicius, and F. Laurell, “Widely tunable Yb:KYW laser with a volume Bragg grating,” Opt. Express 15(3), 1003–1010 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Pekarek, C. Fiebig, M. C. Stumpf, A. E. H. Oehler, K. Paschke, G. Erbert, T. Südmeyer, and U. Keller, “Diode-pumped gigahertz femtosecond Yb:KGW laser with a peak power of 3.9 kW,” Opt. Express 18(16), 16320–16326 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. Jacobsson, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a volume-Bragg-grating-locked Yb:KYW laser at selected wavelengths,” Opt. Express 16(9), 6443–6454 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. E. Romanyuk, C. N. Borca, M. Pollnau, S. Rivier, V. Petrov, and U. Griebner, “Yb-doped KY(WO4)2 planar waveguide laser,” Opt. Lett. 31(1), 53–55 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Rivier, X. Mateos, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, Y. E. Romanyuk, C. N. Borca, F. Gardillou, and M. Pollnau, “Tm:KY(WO4)2 waveguide laser,” Opt. Express 15(9), 5885–5892 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. M. Bain, A. A. Lagatsky, S. V. Kurilchick, V. E. Kisel, S. A. Guretsky, A. M. Luginets, N. A. Kalanda, I. M. Kolesova, N. V. Kuleshov, W. Sibbett, and C. T. A. Brown, “Continuous-wave and Q-switched operation of a compact, diode-pumped Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 planar waveguide laser,” Opt. Express 17(3), 1666–1670 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
F. M. Bain, A. A. Lagatsky, R. R. Thomson, N. D. Psaila, N. V. Kuleshov, A. K. Kar, W. Sibbett, and C. T. A. Brown, “Ultrafast laser inscribed Yb:KGd(WO4)2 and Yb:KY(WO4)2 channel waveguide lasers,” Opt. Express 17(25), 22417–22422 (2009). [CrossRef]
F. Gardillou, Y. E. Romanyuk, C. N. Borca, R. P. Salathé, and M. Pollnau, “Lu, Gd codoped KY(WO4)2:Yb epitaxial layers: towards integrated optics based on KY(WO4)2,” Opt. Lett. 32(5), 488–490 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Geskus, S. Aravazhi, E. Bernhardi, C. Grivas, S. Harkema, K. Hametner, D. Günther, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Low-threshold, highly efficient Gd3+, Lu3+ co-doped KY(WO4)2:Yb3+ planar waveguide lasers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(11), 800–805 (2009). [CrossRef]
D. Geskus, S. Aravazhi, C. Grivas, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Microstructured KY(WO4)2:Gd3+, Lu3+, Yb3+ channel waveguide laser,” Opt. Express 18(9), 8853–8858 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Pujol, X. Mateos, R. Solé, J. Massons, J. Gavaldà, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Linear thermal expansion tensor in KRE(WO4)2 (RE = Gd, Y, Er, Yb) monoclinic crystals,” Mater. Sci. Forum 378–381, 710–717 (2001). [CrossRef]
M. Pujol, X. Mateos, A. Aznar, X. Solans, S. Suriñach, J. Massons, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Structural redetermination, thermal expansion and refractive indices of KLu(WO4)2,” J. Appl. Crystallogr. 39(2), 230–236 (2006). [CrossRef]
C. Grivas, D. P. Shepherd, T. C. May-Smith, R. W. Eason, M. Pollnau, A. Crunteanu, and M. Jelinek, “Performance of Ar+-milled Ti:Sapphire rib waveguides as single transverse mode broadband fluorescence sources,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39(3), 501–507 (2003). [CrossRef]

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[1] J. R. Lee, H. J. Baker, G. J. Friel, G. J. Hilton, and D. R. Hall, “High-average-power Nd:YAG planar waveguide laser that is face pumped by 10 laser diode bars,” Opt. Lett. 27(7), 524–526 (2002). [CrossRef]

[2] J. Siebenmorgen, T. Calmano, K. Petermann, and G. Huber, “Highly efficient Yb:YAG channel waveguide laser written with a femtosecond-laser,” Opt. Express 18(15), 16035–16041 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] J. D. B. Bradley, R. Stoffer, L. Agazzi, F. Ay, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Integrated Al2O3:Er3+ ring laser on silicon with wide wavelength selectivity,” Opt. Lett. 35(1), 73–75 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] D. Pudo, H. Byun, J. Chen, J. Sickler, F. X. Kärtner, and E. P. Ippen, “Scaling of passively mode-locked soliton erbium waveguide lasers based on slow saturable absorbers,” Opt. Express 16(23), 19221–19231 (2008). [CrossRef]

[5] E. H. Bernhardi, H. A. G. M. van Wolferen, L. Agazzi, M. R. H. Khan, C. G. H. Roeloffzen, K. Wörhoff, M. Pollnau, and R. M. de Ridder, “Ultra-narrow-linewidth, single-frequency distributed feedback waveguide laser in Al2O3:Er3+ on silicon,” Opt. Lett. 35(14), 2394–2396 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] J. Yang, M. B. J. Diemeer, C. Grivas, G. Sengo, A. Driessen, and M. Pollnau, “Steady-state lasing in a solid polymer,” Laser Phys. Lett. 7(9), 650–656 (2010). [CrossRef]

[7] M. Pollnau, Y. E. Romanyuk, F. Gardillou, C. N. Borca, U. Griebner, S. Rivier, and V. Petrov, “Double tungstate lasers: From bulk toward on-chip integrated waveguide devices,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 661–671 (2007). [CrossRef]

[8] A. A. Kaminskii, A. F. Konstantinova, V. P. Orekhova, A. V. Butashin, R. F. Klevtsova, and A. A. Pavlyuk, “Optical and nonlinear laser properties of the χ(3)-active monoclinic α-KY(WO4)2 crystals,” Crystallogr. Rep. 46(4), 665–672 (2001). [CrossRef]

[9] N. V. Kuleshov, A. A. Lagatsky, A. V. Podlipensky, V. P. Mikhailov, and G. Huber, “Pulsed laser operation of Yb-doped KY(WO4)2 and KGd(WO4)2,” Opt. Lett. 22(17), 1317–1319 (1997). [CrossRef]

[10] K. Petermann, D. Fagundes-Peters, J. Johannsen, M. Mond, V. Peters, J. J. Romero, S. Kutovoi, J. Speiser, and A. Giesen, “Highly Yb-doped oxides for thin-disc lasers,” J. Cryst. Growth 275(1-2), 135–140 (2005). [CrossRef]

[11] R. Solé, V. Nikolov, X. Ruiz, J. Gavaldà, X. Solans, M. Aguiló, and F. Díaz, “Growth of β-KGd1-xNdx(WO4)2 single crystals in K2W2O7 solvents,” J. Cryst. Growth 169(3), 600–603 (1996). [CrossRef]

[12] S. Rivier, X. Mateos, Ò. Silvestre, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, M. C. Pujol, M. Aguiló, F. Díaz, S. Vernay, and D. Rytz, “Thin-disk Yb:KLu(WO4)2 laser with single-pass pumping,” Opt. Lett. 33(7), 735–737 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] B. Jacobsson, J. E. Hellström, V. Pasiskevicius, and F. Laurell, “Widely tunable Yb:KYW laser with a volume Bragg grating,” Opt. Express 15(3), 1003–1010 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] S. Pekarek, C. Fiebig, M. C. Stumpf, A. E. H. Oehler, K. Paschke, G. Erbert, T. Südmeyer, and U. Keller, “Diode-pumped gigahertz femtosecond Yb:KGW laser with a peak power of 3.9 kW,” Opt. Express 18(16), 16320–16326 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] B. Jacobsson, “Experimental and theoretical investigation of a volume-Bragg-grating-locked Yb:KYW laser at selected wavelengths,” Opt. Express 16(9), 6443–6454 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] Y. E. Romanyuk, C. N. Borca, M. Pollnau, S. Rivier, V. Petrov, and U. Griebner, “Yb-doped KY(WO4)2 planar waveguide laser,” Opt. Lett. 31(1), 53–55 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] S. Rivier, X. Mateos, V. Petrov, U. Griebner, Y. E. Romanyuk, C. N. Borca, F. Gardillou, and M. Pollnau, “Tm:KY(WO4)2 waveguide laser,” Opt. Express 15(9), 5885–5892 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] F. M. Bain, A. A. Lagatsky, S. V. Kurilchick, V. E. Kisel, S. A. Guretsky, A. M. Luginets, N. A. Kalanda, I. M. Kolesova, N. V. Kuleshov, W. Sibbett, and C. T. A. Brown, “Continuous-wave and Q-switched operation of a compact, diode-pumped Yb3+:KY(WO4)2 planar waveguide laser,” Opt. Express 17(3), 1666–1670 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[19] F. M. Bain, A. A. Lagatsky, R. R. Thomson, N. D. Psaila, N. V. Kuleshov, A. K. Kar, W. Sibbett, and C. T. A. Brown, “Ultrafast laser inscribed Yb:KGd(WO4)2 and Yb:KY(WO4)2 channel waveguide lasers,” Opt. Express 17(25), 22417–22422 (2009). [CrossRef]

[20] F. Gardillou, Y. E. Romanyuk, C. N. Borca, R. P. Salathé, and M. Pollnau, “Lu, Gd codoped KY(WO4)2:Yb epitaxial layers: towards integrated optics based on KY(WO4)2,” Opt. Lett. 32(5), 488–490 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[21] D. Geskus, S. Aravazhi, E. Bernhardi, C. Grivas, S. Harkema, K. Hametner, D. Günther, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Low-threshold, highly efficient Gd3+, Lu3+ co-doped KY(WO4)2:Yb3+ planar waveguide lasers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 6(11), 800–805 (2009). [CrossRef]

[22] D. Geskus, S. Aravazhi, C. Grivas, K. Wörhoff, and M. Pollnau, “Microstructured KY(WO4)2:Gd3+, Lu3+, Yb3+ channel waveguide laser,” Opt. Express 18(9), 8853–8858 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[23] M. Pujol, X. Mateos, R. Solé, J. Massons, J. Gavaldà, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Linear thermal expansion tensor in KRE(WO4)2 (RE = Gd, Y, Er, Yb) monoclinic crystals,” Mater. Sci. Forum 378–381, 710–717 (2001). [CrossRef]

[24] M. Pujol, X. Mateos, A. Aznar, X. Solans, S. Suriñach, J. Massons, F. Díaz, and M. Aguiló, “Structural redetermination, thermal expansion and refractive indices of KLu(WO4)2,” J. Appl. Crystallogr. 39(2), 230–236 (2006). [CrossRef]

[25] C. Grivas, D. P. Shepherd, T. C. May-Smith, R. W. Eason, M. Pollnau, A. Crunteanu, and M. Jelinek, “Performance of Ar+-milled Ti:Sapphire rib waveguides as single transverse mode broadband fluorescence sources,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39(3), 501–507 (2003). [CrossRef]

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