We present both numerical and experimental studies of an all-fiber device based on the integration of metallic electrodes into photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The device operation consists on applying electrical current to the electrodes which, by Joule effect, expand and squeeze the PCF microstructure in a preferential direction, altering both phase and group birefringence. We investigate the effect of integrating electrodes into the fiber and the dependence of the device sensitivity on the electrode configuration and composition.

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1. P. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers,” Science 299(5605), 358–362 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. M. Fokine, L. E. Nilsson, A. Claesson, D. Berlemont, L. Kjellberg, L. Krummenacher, and W. Margulis, “Integrated fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for electro-optic switching,” Opt. Lett. 27(18), 1643–1645 (2002). [CrossRef]
3. H. Knape and W. Margulis, “All-fiber polarization switch,” Opt. Lett. 32(6), 614–616 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. Z. Yu, W. Margulis, O. Tarasenko, H. Knape, and P.-Y. Fonjallaz, “Nanosecond switching of fiber Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 15(22), 14948–14953 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. T. T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, and J. Broeng, “Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres,” Opt. Express 11(20), 2589–2596 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. B. J. Eggleton, C. Kerbage, P. S. Westbrook, R. S. Windeler, and A. Hale, “Microstructured optical fiber devices,” Opt. Express 9(13), 698–713 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. F. Beltrán-Mejía, G. Chesini, E. Silvestre, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, and C. M. B. Cordeiro, “Ultra-high birefringent squeezed lattice photonic crystal fiber with rotated elliptical air-hole,” Opt. Lett. (to be published). [PubMed]
8. G. Chesini, C. M. B. Cordeiro, C. J. S. de Matos, M. Fokine, I. C. S. Carvalho, and J. C. Knight, “All-fiber devices based on photonic crystal fibers with integrated electrodes,” Opt. Express 17(3), 1660–1665 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, A. Liem, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Peschel, V. Guyenot, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermo-optical properties of air-clad photonic crystal fiber lasers in high power operation,” Opt. Express 11(22), 2982–2990 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. S. H. Lee, B. H. Kim, and W.-T. Han, “Effect of filler metals on the temperature sensitivity of side-hole fiber,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9712–9717 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. S. C. Rashleigh, “Wavelength dependence of birefringence in highly birefringent fibers,” Opt. Lett. 7(6), 294–296 (1982). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Express

• Z. Yu, W. Margulis, O. Tarasenko, H. Knape, and P.-Y. Fonjallaz, “Nanosecond switching of fiber Bragg gratings,” Opt. Express 15(22), 14948–14953 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• T. T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, and J. Broeng, “Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres,” Opt. Express 11(20), 2589–2596 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• B. J. Eggleton, C. Kerbage, P. S. Westbrook, R. S. Windeler, and A. Hale, “Microstructured optical fiber devices,” Opt. Express 9(13), 698–713 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• G. Chesini, C. M. B. Cordeiro, C. J. S. de Matos, M. Fokine, I. C. S. Carvalho, and J. C. Knight, “All-fiber devices based on photonic crystal fibers with integrated electrodes,” Opt. Express 17(3), 1660–1665 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, A. Liem, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Peschel, V. Guyenot, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermo-optical properties of air-clad photonic crystal fiber lasers in high power operation,” Opt. Express 11(22), 2982–2990 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. H. Lee, B. H. Kim, and W.-T. Han, “Effect of filler metals on the temperature sensitivity of side-hole fiber,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9712–9717 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• S. C. Rashleigh, “Wavelength dependence of birefringence in highly birefringent fibers,” Opt. Lett. 7(6), 294–296 (1982). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• F. Beltrán-Mejía, G. Chesini, E. Silvestre, A. K. George, J. C. Knight, and C. M. B. Cordeiro, “Ultra-high birefringent squeezed lattice photonic crystal fiber with rotated elliptical air-hole,” Opt. Lett. (to be published). [PubMed]
• M. Fokine, L. E. Nilsson, A. Claesson, D. Berlemont, L. Kjellberg, L. Krummenacher, and W. Margulis, “Integrated fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for electro-optic switching,” Opt. Lett. 27(18), 1643–1645 (2002). [CrossRef]
• H. Knape and W. Margulis, “All-fiber polarization switch,” Opt. Lett. 32(6), 614–616 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Science

• P. Russell, “Photonic crystal fibers,” Science 299(5605), 358–362 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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