V<sup>3+</sup>:YAG as the saturable absorber for a diode-pumped quasi-three-level dual-wavelength Nd:GGG laser

doi:10.1364/OE.18.003352

V³⁺:YAG as the saturable absorber for a diode-pumped quasi-three-level dual-wavelength Nd:GGG laser

Hai-Tao Huang, Jing-Liang He, Bai-Tao Zhang, Jian-Fei Yang, Jin-Long Xu, Chun-Hua Zuo, and Xu-Tang Tao »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 4, pp. 3352-3357 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.003352

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Abstract

The performance of a diode-end-pumped passively Q-switched dual-wavelength Nd:GGG laser operating at 932.9 and 936.5nm with V³⁺:YAG as the saturable absorber was demonstrated for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The maximum dual-wavelength average output power of 150mW was achieved with a T = 2% output coupler under the absorbed pump power of 2.55W, corresponding to the optical-to-optical conversion and slope efficiency of 5.9% and 8.0%, respectively. The minimum pulse width was 395ns with the pulse repetition frequency of 140kHz, which was attained with a T = 5% output coupler under the absorbed pump power of 2.55W.

OCIS Codes
(140.3480) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, diode-pumped
(140.3530) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, neodymium
(140.3540) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, Q-switched

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: September 17, 2009
Revised Manuscript: January 19, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: January 21, 2010
Published: February 2, 2010

Citation
Hai-Tao Huang, Jing-Liang He, Bai-Tao Zhang, Jian-Fei Yang, Jin-Long Xu, Chun-Hua Zuo, and Xu-Tang Tao, "V³⁺:YAG as the saturable absorber for a diode-pumped quasi-three-level dual-wavelength Nd:GGG laser," Opt. Express 18, 3352-3357 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-4-3352

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References

M. J. Weber and L. A. Riseberg, “Optical Spectra of Vanadium Ions in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,” J. Chem. Phys. 55(5), 2032–2038 (1971). [CrossRef]
K. V. Yumashev, N. V. Kuleshov, A. M. Malyarevich, P. V. Prokoshin, V. G. Shcherbitsky, N. N. Posnov, V. P. Mikhailov, and V. A. Sandulenko, “Ultrafast dynamics of excited-state absorption in V3+:YAG crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 80(8), 4782–4784 (1996). [CrossRef]
D. Zhang, L. Su, H. Li, X. Qian, and J. Xu, “Characteristics and optical spectra of V:YAG crystal grown in reducing atmosphere,” J. Cryst. Growth 294(2), 437–441 (2006). [CrossRef]
A. M. Malyarevich, I. A. Denisov, K. V. Yumashev, V. P. Mikhailov, R. S. Conroy, and B. D. Sinclair, “V:YAG-a new passive Q-switch for diode-pumped solid-state lasers,” Appl. Phys. B 67(5), 555–558 (1998). [CrossRef]
P. Tidemand-Lichtenberg, J. Janousek, R. Melich, J. L. Mortensen, and P. Buchhave, “Synchronization of 1064 and 1342 nm pulses using passive saturable absorbers,” Opt. Commun. 241(4-6), 487–492 (2004). [CrossRef]
F. Q. Liu, J. L. He, B. T. Zhang, J. L. Xu, X. L. Dong, K. J. Yang, H. R. Xia, and H. J. Zhang, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 laser at 1.34μm with a V3+:YAG saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 16, 1759–11763 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-16-11759 .
H.-T. Huang, B.-T. Zhang, J.-L. He, J.-F. Yang, J.-L. Xu, X.-Q. Yang, C.-H. Zuo, and S. Zhao, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO4 laser at 1.34 microm with V3+:YAG as the saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 17(9), 6946–6951 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-9-6946 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. P. Mikhailov, N. V. Kuleshov, N. I. Zhavoronkov, P. V. Prokohsin, K. V. Yumashev, and V. A. Sandulenko, “Optical absorption and nonlinear transmission of tetrahedral V3+ (d2) in yttrium aluminum garnet,” Opt. Mater. 2(4), 267–272 (1993). [CrossRef]
K. Cynthia, Williamson, Syed Ismail, Edward V. Browell, “Spectroscopy of water vapor in the 930nm to 960 nm spectral region,” Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 1999. QELS '99, p.249.
D. Lisak and J. T. Hodges, “Low-uncertainty H2O line intensities for the 930-nm region,” J. Mol. Spectrosc. 249(1), 6–13 (2008). [CrossRef]
K. Yoshida, H. Yoshida, and Y. Kato, “Characterization of high average power Nd:GGG slab lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(6), 1188–1192 (1988). [CrossRef]
Z. Jia, X. T. Tao, C. Dong, X. Cheng, W. Zhang, F. Xu, and M. Jiang, “Study on crystal growth of large size Nd3+:Gd3Ga5O12 (Nd3+:GGG) by Czochralski method,” J. Cryst. Growth 292(2), 386–390 (2006). [CrossRef]
L. J. Qin, D. Y. Tang, G. Q. Xie, H. Luo, C. M. Dong, Z. T. Jia, H. H. Yu, and X. T. Tao, “Diode-end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:GGG laser with a semiconductor saturable mirror,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4762–4764 (2008). [CrossRef]
C.-H. Zuo, B.-T. Zhang, J.-L. He, X.-L. Dong, J.-F. Yang, H.-T. Huang, J.-L. Xu, S. Zhao, C.-M. Dong, and X.-T. Tao, “CW and passive Q-switching of 1331-nm Nd:GGG laser with Co2+:LMA saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. B 95(1), 75–80 (2009). [CrossRef]
Z. Chun-Yu, G. Chun-Qing, Z. Ling, W. Zhi-Yi, and Z. Zhi-Guo, “Laser Performance of Nd:GGG Operating at 938 nm,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 24(2), 440–441 (2007). [CrossRef]
K. He, C. Gao, Z. Wei, D. Li, Z. Zhang, H. J. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 laser at 916nm,” Opt. Commun. 282(12), 2413–2416 (2009). [CrossRef]
Q. Li, B. Feng, D. Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Q-switched 935 nm Nd:CNGG laser,” Appl. Opt. 48(10), 1898–1903 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-48-10-1898 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. P. Huang, K. W. Su, A. Li, Y. F. Chen, and K. F. Huang, “High-peak-power passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 946nm,” Appl. Phys. B 91(3-4), 429–432 (2008). [CrossRef]

Buchhave, P.
Chen, Y. F.
Cheng, X.
Chun-Qing, G.
Chun-Yu, Z.
Conroy, R. S.
Denisov, I. A.
Dong, C.
Dong, C. M.
Dong, C.-M.
Dong, X. L.
Dong, X.-L.
Feng, B.
Gao, C.
He, J. L.
He, J.-L.
He, K.
Hodges, J. T.
Huang, H.-T.
Huang, K. F.
Huang, Y. P.
Janousek, J.
Jia, Z.
Jia, Z. T.
Jiang, M.
Kato, Y.
Kuleshov, N. V.
Li, A.
Li, D.
Li, H.
Li, Q.
Ling, Z.
Lisak, D.
Liu, F. Q.
Luo, H.
Malyarevich, A. M.
Melich, R.
Mikhailov, V. P.
Mortensen, J. L.
Posnov, N. N.
Prokohsin, P. V.
Prokoshin, P. V.
Qian, X.
Qin, L. J.
Riseberg, L. A.
Sandulenko, V. A.
Shcherbitsky, V. G.
Sinclair, B. D.
Su, K. W.
Su, L.
Tang, D. Y.
Tao, X. T.
Tao, X.-T.
Tidemand-Lichtenberg, P.
Wang, J.
Weber, M. J.
Wei, Z.
Xia, H. R.
Xie, G. Q.
Xu, F.
Xu, J.
Xu, J. L.
Xu, J.-L.
Yang, J.-F.
Yang, K. J.
Yang, X.-Q.
Yoshida, H.
Yoshida, K.
Yu, H. H.
Yumashev, K. V.
Zhang, B. T.
Zhang, B.-T.
Zhang, D.
Zhang, H.
Zhang, H. J.
Zhang, W.
Zhang, Z.
Zhao, S.
Zhavoronkov, N. I.
Zhi-Guo, Z.
Zhi-Yi, W.
Zuo, C.-H.

Appl. Opt.

Q. Li, B. Feng, D. Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Q-switched 935 nm Nd:CNGG laser,” Appl. Opt. 48(10), 1898–1903 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-48-10-1898 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. B

Y. P. Huang, K. W. Su, A. Li, Y. F. Chen, and K. F. Huang, “High-peak-power passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 946nm,” Appl. Phys. B 91(3-4), 429–432 (2008). [CrossRef]
C.-H. Zuo, B.-T. Zhang, J.-L. He, X.-L. Dong, J.-F. Yang, H.-T. Huang, J.-L. Xu, S. Zhao, C.-M. Dong, and X.-T. Tao, “CW and passive Q-switching of 1331-nm Nd:GGG laser with Co2+:LMA saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. B 95(1), 75–80 (2009). [CrossRef]
A. M. Malyarevich, I. A. Denisov, K. V. Yumashev, V. P. Mikhailov, R. S. Conroy, and B. D. Sinclair, “V:YAG-a new passive Q-switch for diode-pumped solid-state lasers,” Appl. Phys. B 67(5), 555–558 (1998). [CrossRef]

Chin. Phys. Lett.

Z. Chun-Yu, G. Chun-Qing, Z. Ling, W. Zhi-Yi, and Z. Zhi-Guo, “Laser Performance of Nd:GGG Operating at 938 nm,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 24(2), 440–441 (2007). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

K. Yoshida, H. Yoshida, and Y. Kato, “Characterization of high average power Nd:GGG slab lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(6), 1188–1192 (1988). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

K. V. Yumashev, N. V. Kuleshov, A. M. Malyarevich, P. V. Prokoshin, V. G. Shcherbitsky, N. N. Posnov, V. P. Mikhailov, and V. A. Sandulenko, “Ultrafast dynamics of excited-state absorption in V3+:YAG crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 80(8), 4782–4784 (1996). [CrossRef]

J. Chem. Phys.

M. J. Weber and L. A. Riseberg, “Optical Spectra of Vanadium Ions in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,” J. Chem. Phys. 55(5), 2032–2038 (1971). [CrossRef]

J. Cryst. Growth

D. Zhang, L. Su, H. Li, X. Qian, and J. Xu, “Characteristics and optical spectra of V:YAG crystal grown in reducing atmosphere,” J. Cryst. Growth 294(2), 437–441 (2006). [CrossRef]
Z. Jia, X. T. Tao, C. Dong, X. Cheng, W. Zhang, F. Xu, and M. Jiang, “Study on crystal growth of large size Nd3+:Gd3Ga5O12 (Nd3+:GGG) by Czochralski method,” J. Cryst. Growth 292(2), 386–390 (2006). [CrossRef]

J. Mol. Spectrosc.

D. Lisak and J. T. Hodges, “Low-uncertainty H2O line intensities for the 930-nm region,” J. Mol. Spectrosc. 249(1), 6–13 (2008). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

P. Tidemand-Lichtenberg, J. Janousek, R. Melich, J. L. Mortensen, and P. Buchhave, “Synchronization of 1064 and 1342 nm pulses using passive saturable absorbers,” Opt. Commun. 241(4-6), 487–492 (2004). [CrossRef]
L. J. Qin, D. Y. Tang, G. Q. Xie, H. Luo, C. M. Dong, Z. T. Jia, H. H. Yu, and X. T. Tao, “Diode-end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:GGG laser with a semiconductor saturable mirror,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4762–4764 (2008). [CrossRef]
K. He, C. Gao, Z. Wei, D. Li, Z. Zhang, H. J. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 laser at 916nm,” Opt. Commun. 282(12), 2413–2416 (2009). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

F. Q. Liu, J. L. He, B. T. Zhang, J. L. Xu, X. L. Dong, K. J. Yang, H. R. Xia, and H. J. Zhang, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 laser at 1.34μm with a V3+:YAG saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 16, 1759–11763 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-16-11759 .
H.-T. Huang, B.-T. Zhang, J.-L. He, J.-F. Yang, J.-L. Xu, X.-Q. Yang, C.-H. Zuo, and S. Zhao, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO4 laser at 1.34 microm with V3+:YAG as the saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 17(9), 6946–6951 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-9-6946 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater.

V. P. Mikhailov, N. V. Kuleshov, N. I. Zhavoronkov, P. V. Prokohsin, K. V. Yumashev, and V. A. Sandulenko, “Optical absorption and nonlinear transmission of tetrahedral V3+ (d2) in yttrium aluminum garnet,” Opt. Mater. 2(4), 267–272 (1993). [CrossRef]

Other

K. Cynthia, Williamson, Syed Ismail, Edward V. Browell, “Spectroscopy of water vapor in the 930nm to 960 nm spectral region,” Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 1999. QELS '99, p.249.

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[1] M. J. Weber and L. A. Riseberg, “Optical Spectra of Vanadium Ions in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,” J. Chem. Phys. 55(5), 2032–2038 (1971). [CrossRef]

[2] K. V. Yumashev, N. V. Kuleshov, A. M. Malyarevich, P. V. Prokoshin, V. G. Shcherbitsky, N. N. Posnov, V. P. Mikhailov, and V. A. Sandulenko, “Ultrafast dynamics of excited-state absorption in V3+:YAG crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 80(8), 4782–4784 (1996). [CrossRef]

[3] D. Zhang, L. Su, H. Li, X. Qian, and J. Xu, “Characteristics and optical spectra of V:YAG crystal grown in reducing atmosphere,” J. Cryst. Growth 294(2), 437–441 (2006). [CrossRef]

[4] A. M. Malyarevich, I. A. Denisov, K. V. Yumashev, V. P. Mikhailov, R. S. Conroy, and B. D. Sinclair, “V:YAG-a new passive Q-switch for diode-pumped solid-state lasers,” Appl. Phys. B 67(5), 555–558 (1998). [CrossRef]

[5] P. Tidemand-Lichtenberg, J. Janousek, R. Melich, J. L. Mortensen, and P. Buchhave, “Synchronization of 1064 and 1342 nm pulses using passive saturable absorbers,” Opt. Commun. 241(4-6), 487–492 (2004). [CrossRef]

[6] F. Q. Liu, J. L. He, B. T. Zhang, J. L. Xu, X. L. Dong, K. J. Yang, H. R. Xia, and H. J. Zhang, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 laser at 1.34μm with a V3+:YAG saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 16, 1759–11763 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-16-11759 .

[7] H.-T. Huang, B.-T. Zhang, J.-L. He, J.-F. Yang, J.-L. Xu, X.-Q. Yang, C.-H. Zuo, and S. Zhao, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO4 laser at 1.34 microm with V3+:YAG as the saturable absorber,” Opt. Express 17(9), 6946–6951 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-9-6946 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] V. P. Mikhailov, N. V. Kuleshov, N. I. Zhavoronkov, P. V. Prokohsin, K. V. Yumashev, and V. A. Sandulenko, “Optical absorption and nonlinear transmission of tetrahedral V3+ (d2) in yttrium aluminum garnet,” Opt. Mater. 2(4), 267–272 (1993). [CrossRef]

[9] K. Cynthia, Williamson, Syed Ismail, Edward V. Browell, “Spectroscopy of water vapor in the 930nm to 960 nm spectral region,” Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, 1999. QELS '99, p.249.

[10] D. Lisak and J. T. Hodges, “Low-uncertainty H2O line intensities for the 930-nm region,” J. Mol. Spectrosc. 249(1), 6–13 (2008). [CrossRef]

[11] K. Yoshida, H. Yoshida, and Y. Kato, “Characterization of high average power Nd:GGG slab lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24(6), 1188–1192 (1988). [CrossRef]

[12] Z. Jia, X. T. Tao, C. Dong, X. Cheng, W. Zhang, F. Xu, and M. Jiang, “Study on crystal growth of large size Nd3+:Gd3Ga5O12 (Nd3+:GGG) by Czochralski method,” J. Cryst. Growth 292(2), 386–390 (2006). [CrossRef]

[13] L. J. Qin, D. Y. Tang, G. Q. Xie, H. Luo, C. M. Dong, Z. T. Jia, H. H. Yu, and X. T. Tao, “Diode-end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:GGG laser with a semiconductor saturable mirror,” Opt. Commun. 281(18), 4762–4764 (2008). [CrossRef]

[14] C.-H. Zuo, B.-T. Zhang, J.-L. He, X.-L. Dong, J.-F. Yang, H.-T. Huang, J.-L. Xu, S. Zhao, C.-M. Dong, and X.-T. Tao, “CW and passive Q-switching of 1331-nm Nd:GGG laser with Co2+:LMA saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. B 95(1), 75–80 (2009). [CrossRef]

[15] Z. Chun-Yu, G. Chun-Qing, Z. Ling, W. Zhi-Yi, and Z. Zhi-Guo, “Laser Performance of Nd:GGG Operating at 938 nm,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 24(2), 440–441 (2007). [CrossRef]

[16] K. He, C. Gao, Z. Wei, D. Li, Z. Zhang, H. J. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 laser at 916nm,” Opt. Commun. 282(12), 2413–2416 (2009). [CrossRef]

[17] Q. Li, B. Feng, D. Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Q-switched 935 nm Nd:CNGG laser,” Appl. Opt. 48(10), 1898–1903 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-48-10-1898 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] Y. P. Huang, K. W. Su, A. Li, Y. F. Chen, and K. F. Huang, “High-peak-power passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 946nm,” Appl. Phys. B 91(3-4), 429–432 (2008). [CrossRef]

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V3+:YAG as the saturable absorber for a diode-pumped quasi-three-level dual-wavelength Nd:GGG laser