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Plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots: multipole effects
Xiong-Rui Su, Wei Zhang, Li Zhou, Xiao-Niu Peng, and Qu-Quan Wang »View Author Affiliations
Xiong-Rui Su,1
Wei Zhang,2
Li Zhou,1
Xiao-Niu Peng,1
and Qu-Quan Wang1,*
1Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
2Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P. O. Box 8009(28), Beijing 100088, P. R. China
*Corresponding author: qqwang@whu.edu.cn
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 7, pp. 6516-6521 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.006516
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Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated plasmon-asssisted energy transfer (ET) between CdSe semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) self-assembled in a monolayer by using time-resolved μ-photoluminescence (PL) technique. The enhancements of PL intensity and ET efficiency were manipulated by adjusting thickness (Δ) of SiO2 coating on large Ag nanoparticles. The PL enhancement factor of the acceptor QDs and the PL intensity ratio of acceptor-to-donor reached their maxima ~ 47 and ~ 14 when Δ = 7 nm, the corresponding ET efficiency reached 86%. We also presented theoretical analysis based on the rate equation. The theoretical calculations agreed with experimental data and revealed interesting physics of multipole effect, and metal nanoparticle induced quench effect and plasmon-enhanced Förster ET.
© 2010 OSA
OCIS Codes
(250.5230) Optoelectronics : Photoluminescence
(260.2160) Physical optics : Energy transfer
(300.6500) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, time-resolved
(250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics
ToC Category:
Optoelectronics
History
Original Manuscript: January 4, 2010
Revised Manuscript: February 24, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: February 25, 2010
Published: March 15, 2010
Citation
Xiong-Rui Su, Wei Zhang, Li Zhou, Xiao-Niu Peng, and Qu-Quan Wang, "Plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots: multipole effects," Opt. Express 18, 6516-6521 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-7-6516
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References
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- R. Bose, J. F. McMillan, J. Gao, K. M. Rickey, C. J. Chen, D. V. Talapin, C. B. Murray, and C. W. Wong, “Temperature-tuning of near-infrared monodisperse quantum dot solids at 1.5 µm for controllable Forster energy transfer,” Nano Lett. 8(7), 2006–2011 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- C. W. Chen, C. H. Wang, Y. F. Chen, C. W. Lai, and P. T. Chou, “Tunable energy transfer efficiency based on the composite of mixed CdSe quantum dots and elastomeric film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(5), 051906 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- X. H. Wang, Y. M. Du, S. Ding, Q. Q. Wang, G. G. Xiong, M. Xie, X. C. Shen, and D. W. Pang, “Preparation and third-order optical nonlinearity of self-assembled chitosan/CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots multilayer films,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110(4), 1566–1570 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Scheibner, I. V. Ponomarev, E. A. Stinaff, M. F. Doty, A. S. Bracker, C. S. Hellberg, T. L. Reinecke, and D. Gammon, “Photoluminescence spectroscopy of the molecular biexciton in vertically stacked InAs-GaAs quantum dot pairs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(19), 197402 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. H. Wang, Y. M. Du, S. Ding, Q. Q. Wang, G. G. Xiong, M. Xie, X. C. Shen, and D. W. Pang, “Preparation and third-order optical nonlinearity of self-assembled chitosan/CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots multilayer films,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110(4), 1566–1570 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Durach, A. Rusina, V. I. Klimov, and M. I. Stockman, “Nanoplasmonic renormalization and enhancement of coulomb interactions,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105011 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. T. Shimizu, W. K. Woo, B. R. Fisher, H. J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, “Surface-enhanced emission from single semiconductor nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(11), 117401 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. K. Komarala, Y. P. Rakovich, A. L. Bradley, S. J. Byrne, Y. K. Gun’ko, N. Gaponik, and A. Eychmüller, “Off-resonance surface plasmon enhanced spontaneous emission from CdTe quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(25), 253118 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- A. R. Clapp, I. L. Medintz, J. M. Mauro, B. R. Fisher, M. G. Bawendi, and H. Mattoussi, “Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between quantum dot donors and dye-labeled protein acceptors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(1), 301–310 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. T. Shimizu, W. K. Woo, B. R. Fisher, H. J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, “Surface-enhanced emission from single semiconductor nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(11), 117401 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Scheibner, I. V. Ponomarev, E. A. Stinaff, M. F. Doty, A. S. Bracker, C. S. Hellberg, T. L. Reinecke, and D. Gammon, “Photoluminescence spectroscopy of the molecular biexciton in vertically stacked InAs-GaAs quantum dot pairs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(19), 197402 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Li, Y. Wu, D. Steel, D. Gammon, T. H. Stievater, D. S. Katzer, D. Park, C. Piermarocchi, and L. J. Sham, “An all-optical quantum gate in a semiconductor quantum dot,” Science 301(5634), 809–811 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Bose, J. F. McMillan, J. Gao, K. M. Rickey, C. J. Chen, D. V. Talapin, C. B. Murray, and C. W. Wong, “Temperature-tuning of near-infrared monodisperse quantum dot solids at 1.5 µm for controllable Forster energy transfer,” Nano Lett. 8(7), 2006–2011 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. K. Komarala, Y. P. Rakovich, A. L. Bradley, S. J. Byrne, Y. K. Gun’ko, N. Gaponik, and A. Eychmüller, “Off-resonance surface plasmon enhanced spontaneous emission from CdTe quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(25), 253118 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. Franzl, D. S. Koktysh, T. A. Klar, A. L. Rogach, J. Feldmann, and N. Gaponik, “Fast energy transfer in layer-by-layer assembled CdTe nanocrystal bilayers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(15), 2904–2906 (2004). [CrossRef]
- B. Tang, L. Cao, K. Xu, L. Zhuo, J. Ge, Q. Li, and L. Yu, “A new nanobiosensor for glucose with high sensitivity and selectivity in serum based on fluorescence resonance Energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots and Au nanoparticles,” Chemistry 14(12), 3637–3644 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. M. Hua, J. I. Gersten, and A. Nitzan, “Theory of energy transfer between molecules near solid state particles,” J. Chem. Phys. 83(7), 3650–3659 (1985). [CrossRef]
- J. I. Gersten and A. Nitzan, “Accelerated energy transfer between molecules near a solid particle,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 104(1), 31–37 (1984). [CrossRef]
- Y. Li, A. Rizzo, M. Mazzeo, L. Carbone, L. Manna, R. Cingolani, and G. Gigli, “White organic light-emitting devices with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a red emitter,” J. Appl. Phys. 97(11), 113501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Q. Q. Wang, J. B. Han, D. L. Guo, S. Xiao, Y. B. Han, H. M. Gong, and X. W. Zou, “Highly efficient avalanche multiphoton luminescence from coupled Au nanowires in the visible region,” Nano Lett. 7(3), 723–728 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Y. Yan, W. Zhang, S. Duan, X. G. Zhao, and A. O. Govorov, “Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: role of multipole effects,” Phys. Rev. B 77(16), 165301 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. O. Govorov, J. Lee, and N. A. Kotov, “Theory of plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer in optically excited semiconductor and metal nanoparticles,” Phys. Rev. B 76(12), 125308 (2007). [CrossRef]
- W. Zhang, A. O. Govorov, and G. W. Bryant, “Semiconductor-metal nanoparticle molecules: hybrid excitons and the nonlinear Fano effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 146804 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- I. Potapova, R. Mruk, S. Prehl, R. Zentel, T. Basché, and A. Mews, “Semiconductor nanocrystals with multifunctional polymer ligands,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(2), 320–321 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. R. Su, W. Zhang, L. Zhou, X. N. Peng, D. W. Pang, S. D. Liu, Z. K. Zhou, and Q. Q. Wang, “Multipole-plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots via dual-resonance nanoantenna effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(4), 043106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Y. Yan, W. Zhang, S. Duan, X. G. Zhao, and A. O. Govorov, “Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: role of multipole effects,” Phys. Rev. B 77(16), 165301 (2008). [CrossRef]
- W. Zhang, A. O. Govorov, and G. W. Bryant, “Semiconductor-metal nanoparticle molecules: hybrid excitons and the nonlinear Fano effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 146804 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. O. Govorov, G. W. Bryan, W. Zhang, T. Skeini, J. Lee, N. A. Kotov, J. M. Slocik, and R. R. Naik, “Exciton−plasmon interaction and hybrid excitons in semiconductor−metal nanoparticle assemblies,” Nano Lett. 6(5), 984–994 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Y. Yan, W. Zhang, S. Duan, X. G. Zhao, and A. O. Govorov, “Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: role of multipole effects,” Phys. Rev. B 77(16), 165301 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Q. Q. Wang, A. Muller, M. T. Cheng, H. J. Zhou, P. Bianucci, and C. K. Shih, “Coherent control of a V-type three-level system in a single quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(18), 187404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. R. Su, W. Zhang, L. Zhou, X. N. Peng, D. W. Pang, S. D. Liu, Z. K. Zhou, and Q. Q. Wang, “Multipole-plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots via dual-resonance nanoantenna effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(4), 043106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- X. R. Su, W. Zhang, L. Zhou, X. N. Peng, D. W. Pang, S. D. Liu, Z. K. Zhou, and Q. Q. Wang, “Multipole-plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots via dual-resonance nanoantenna effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(4), 043106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- B. Tang, L. Cao, K. Xu, L. Zhuo, J. Ge, Q. Li, and L. Yu, “A new nanobiosensor for glucose with high sensitivity and selectivity in serum based on fluorescence resonance Energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots and Au nanoparticles,” Chemistry 14(12), 3637–3644 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Q. Wang, J. B. Han, D. L. Guo, S. Xiao, Y. B. Han, H. M. Gong, and X. W. Zou, “Highly efficient avalanche multiphoton luminescence from coupled Au nanowires in the visible region,” Nano Lett. 7(3), 723–728 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- C. W. Chen, C. H. Wang, Y. F. Chen, C. W. Lai, and P. T. Chou, “Tunable energy transfer efficiency based on the composite of mixed CdSe quantum dots and elastomeric film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(5), 051906 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. Franzl, D. S. Koktysh, T. A. Klar, A. L. Rogach, J. Feldmann, and N. Gaponik, “Fast energy transfer in layer-by-layer assembled CdTe nanocrystal bilayers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(15), 2904–2906 (2004). [CrossRef]
- V. K. Komarala, Y. P. Rakovich, A. L. Bradley, S. J. Byrne, Y. K. Gun’ko, N. Gaponik, and A. Eychmüller, “Off-resonance surface plasmon enhanced spontaneous emission from CdTe quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(25), 253118 (2006). [CrossRef]
- X. R. Su, W. Zhang, L. Zhou, X. N. Peng, D. W. Pang, S. D. Liu, Z. K. Zhou, and Q. Q. Wang, “Multipole-plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots via dual-resonance nanoantenna effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(4), 043106 (2010). [CrossRef]
Chem. Phys. Lett.
- J. I. Gersten and A. Nitzan, “Accelerated energy transfer between molecules near a solid particle,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 104(1), 31–37 (1984). [CrossRef]
Chemistry
- B. Tang, L. Cao, K. Xu, L. Zhuo, J. Ge, Q. Li, and L. Yu, “A new nanobiosensor for glucose with high sensitivity and selectivity in serum based on fluorescence resonance Energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots and Au nanoparticles,” Chemistry 14(12), 3637–3644 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wiley, Y. Sun, B. Mayers, and Y. Xia, “Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: the case of silver,” Chemistry 11(2), 454–463 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- I. Potapova, R. Mruk, S. Prehl, R. Zentel, T. Basché, and A. Mews, “Semiconductor nanocrystals with multifunctional polymer ligands,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(2), 320–321 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Clapp, I. L. Medintz, J. M. Mauro, B. R. Fisher, M. G. Bawendi, and H. Mattoussi, “Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between quantum dot donors and dye-labeled protein acceptors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(1), 301–310 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Appl. Phys.
- Y. Li, A. Rizzo, M. Mazzeo, L. Carbone, L. Manna, R. Cingolani, and G. Gigli, “White organic light-emitting devices with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a red emitter,” J. Appl. Phys. 97(11), 113501 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Chem. Phys.
- X. M. Hua, J. I. Gersten, and A. Nitzan, “Theory of energy transfer between molecules near solid state particles,” J. Chem. Phys. 83(7), 3650–3659 (1985). [CrossRef]
J. Coll. Inter. Sci.
- W. Stöber, A. Fink, and E. Bohn, “Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range,” J. Coll. Inter. Sci. 26(1), 62–69 (1968). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. Chem. B
- X. H. Wang, Y. M. Du, S. Ding, Q. Q. Wang, G. G. Xiong, M. Xie, X. C. Shen, and D. W. Pang, “Preparation and third-order optical nonlinearity of self-assembled chitosan/CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots multilayer films,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110(4), 1566–1570 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. J. Phys.
- M. Durach, A. Rusina, V. I. Klimov, and M. I. Stockman, “Nanoplasmonic renormalization and enhancement of coulomb interactions,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105011 (2008). [CrossRef]
Nano Lett.
- S. Wang, N. Mamedova, N. A. Kotov, W. Chen, and J. Studer, “Antigen/antibody immunocomplex from CdTe nanoparticle bioconjugates,” Nano Lett. 2(8), 817–822 (2002). [CrossRef]
- R. Bose, J. F. McMillan, J. Gao, K. M. Rickey, C. J. Chen, D. V. Talapin, C. B. Murray, and C. W. Wong, “Temperature-tuning of near-infrared monodisperse quantum dot solids at 1.5 µm for controllable Forster energy transfer,” Nano Lett. 8(7), 2006–2011 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Q. Wang, J. B. Han, D. L. Guo, S. Xiao, Y. B. Han, H. M. Gong, and X. W. Zou, “Highly efficient avalanche multiphoton luminescence from coupled Au nanowires in the visible region,” Nano Lett. 7(3), 723–728 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. O. Govorov, G. W. Bryan, W. Zhang, T. Skeini, J. Lee, N. A. Kotov, J. M. Slocik, and R. R. Naik, “Exciton−plasmon interaction and hybrid excitons in semiconductor−metal nanoparticle assemblies,” Nano Lett. 6(5), 984–994 (2006). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. B
- J. Y. Yan, W. Zhang, S. Duan, X. G. Zhao, and A. O. Govorov, “Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: role of multipole effects,” Phys. Rev. B 77(16), 165301 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. O. Govorov, J. Lee, and N. A. Kotov, “Theory of plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer in optically excited semiconductor and metal nanoparticles,” Phys. Rev. B 76(12), 125308 (2007). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- S. A. Crooker, J. A. Hollingsworth, S. Tretiak, and V. I. Klimov, “Spectrally resolved dynamics of energy transfer in quantum-dot assemblies: towards engineered energy flows in artificial materials,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186802 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Scheibner, I. V. Ponomarev, E. A. Stinaff, M. F. Doty, A. S. Bracker, C. S. Hellberg, T. L. Reinecke, and D. Gammon, “Photoluminescence spectroscopy of the molecular biexciton in vertically stacked InAs-GaAs quantum dot pairs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(19), 197402 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. Q. Wang, A. Muller, M. T. Cheng, H. J. Zhou, P. Bianucci, and C. K. Shih, “Coherent control of a V-type three-level system in a single quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(18), 187404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Zhang, A. O. Govorov, and G. W. Bryant, “Semiconductor-metal nanoparticle molecules: hybrid excitons and the nonlinear Fano effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 146804 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. T. Shimizu, W. K. Woo, B. R. Fisher, H. J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, “Surface-enhanced emission from single semiconductor nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(11), 117401 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Science
- X. Li, Y. Wu, D. Steel, D. Gammon, T. H. Stievater, D. S. Katzer, D. Park, C. Piermarocchi, and L. J. Sham, “An all-optical quantum gate in a semiconductor quantum dot,” Science 301(5634), 809–811 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
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2010, Su, Appl. Phys. Lett.
- X. R. Su, W. Zhang, L. Zhou, X. N. Peng, D. W. Pang, S. D. Liu, Z. K. Zhou, and Q. Q. Wang, “Multipole-plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer between semiconductor quantum dots via dual-resonance nanoantenna effects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(4), 043106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Y. Yan, W. Zhang, S. Duan, X. G. Zhao, and A. O. Govorov, “Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: role of multipole effects,” Phys. Rev. B 77(16), 165301 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Durach, A. Rusina, V. I. Klimov, and M. I. Stockman, “Nanoplasmonic renormalization and enhancement of coulomb interactions,” N. J. Phys. 10(10), 105011 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Chen, C. H. Wang, Y. F. Chen, C. W. Lai, and P. T. Chou, “Tunable energy transfer efficiency based on the composite of mixed CdSe quantum dots and elastomeric film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(5), 051906 (2008). [CrossRef]
- B. Tang, L. Cao, K. Xu, L. Zhuo, J. Ge, Q. Li, and L. Yu, “A new nanobiosensor for glucose with high sensitivity and selectivity in serum based on fluorescence resonance Energy transfer (FRET) between CdTe quantum dots and Au nanoparticles,” Chemistry 14(12), 3637–3644 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Bose, J. F. McMillan, J. Gao, K. M. Rickey, C. J. Chen, D. V. Talapin, C. B. Murray, and C. W. Wong, “Temperature-tuning of near-infrared monodisperse quantum dot solids at 1.5 µm for controllable Forster energy transfer,” Nano Lett. 8(7), 2006–2011 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Hosoki, T. Tayagaki, S. Yamamoto, K. Matsuda, and Y. Kanemitsu, “Direct and stepwise energy transfer from excitons to plasmons in close-packed metal and semiconductor nanoparticle monolayer films,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 207404 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. O. Govorov, J. Lee, and N. A. Kotov, “Theory of plasmon-enhanced Förster energy transfer in optically excited semiconductor and metal nanoparticles,” Phys. Rev. B 76(12), 125308 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Scheibner, I. V. Ponomarev, E. A. Stinaff, M. F. Doty, A. S. Bracker, C. S. Hellberg, T. L. Reinecke, and D. Gammon, “Photoluminescence spectroscopy of the molecular biexciton in vertically stacked InAs-GaAs quantum dot pairs,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(19), 197402 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. Q. Wang, J. B. Han, D. L. Guo, S. Xiao, Y. B. Han, H. M. Gong, and X. W. Zou, “Highly efficient avalanche multiphoton luminescence from coupled Au nanowires in the visible region,” Nano Lett. 7(3), 723–728 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Zhang, A. O. Govorov, and G. W. Bryant, “Semiconductor-metal nanoparticle molecules: hybrid excitons and the nonlinear Fano effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(14), 146804 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. K. Komarala, Y. P. Rakovich, A. L. Bradley, S. J. Byrne, Y. K. Gun’ko, N. Gaponik, and A. Eychmüller, “Off-resonance surface plasmon enhanced spontaneous emission from CdTe quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(25), 253118 (2006). [CrossRef]
- X. H. Wang, Y. M. Du, S. Ding, Q. Q. Wang, G. G. Xiong, M. Xie, X. C. Shen, and D. W. Pang, “Preparation and third-order optical nonlinearity of self-assembled chitosan/CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots multilayer films,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110(4), 1566–1570 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. O. Govorov, G. W. Bryan, W. Zhang, T. Skeini, J. Lee, N. A. Kotov, J. M. Slocik, and R. R. Naik, “Exciton−plasmon interaction and hybrid excitons in semiconductor−metal nanoparticle assemblies,” Nano Lett. 6(5), 984–994 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. Li, A. Rizzo, M. Mazzeo, L. Carbone, L. Manna, R. Cingolani, and G. Gigli, “White organic light-emitting devices with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a red emitter,” J. Appl. Phys. 97(11), 113501 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Q. Q. Wang, A. Muller, M. T. Cheng, H. J. Zhou, P. Bianucci, and C. K. Shih, “Coherent control of a V-type three-level system in a single quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(18), 187404 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Wiley, Y. Sun, B. Mayers, and Y. Xia, “Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: the case of silver,” Chemistry 11(2), 454–463 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Franzl, D. S. Koktysh, T. A. Klar, A. L. Rogach, J. Feldmann, and N. Gaponik, “Fast energy transfer in layer-by-layer assembled CdTe nanocrystal bilayers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(15), 2904–2906 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Clapp, I. L. Medintz, J. M. Mauro, B. R. Fisher, M. G. Bawendi, and H. Mattoussi, “Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between quantum dot donors and dye-labeled protein acceptors,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126(1), 301–310 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Li, Y. Wu, D. Steel, D. Gammon, T. H. Stievater, D. S. Katzer, D. Park, C. Piermarocchi, and L. J. Sham, “An all-optical quantum gate in a semiconductor quantum dot,” Science 301(5634), 809–811 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Potapova, R. Mruk, S. Prehl, R. Zentel, T. Basché, and A. Mews, “Semiconductor nanocrystals with multifunctional polymer ligands,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(2), 320–321 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Crooker, J. A. Hollingsworth, S. Tretiak, and V. I. Klimov, “Spectrally resolved dynamics of energy transfer in quantum-dot assemblies: towards engineered energy flows in artificial materials,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(18), 186802 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Wang, N. Mamedova, N. A. Kotov, W. Chen, and J. Studer, “Antigen/antibody immunocomplex from CdTe nanoparticle bioconjugates,” Nano Lett. 2(8), 817–822 (2002). [CrossRef]
- K. T. Shimizu, W. K. Woo, B. R. Fisher, H. J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, “Surface-enhanced emission from single semiconductor nanocrystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89(11), 117401 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. Kagan, C. B. Murray, M. Nirmal, and M. G. Bawendi, “Electronic energy transfer in CdSe quantum dot solids,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(9), 1517–1520 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. M. Hua, J. I. Gersten, and A. Nitzan, “Theory of energy transfer between molecules near solid state particles,” J. Chem. Phys. 83(7), 3650–3659 (1985). [CrossRef]
- J. I. Gersten and A. Nitzan, “Accelerated energy transfer between molecules near a solid particle,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 104(1), 31–37 (1984). [CrossRef]
- W. Stöber, A. Fink, and E. Bohn, “Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range,” J. Coll. Inter. Sci. 26(1), 62–69 (1968). [CrossRef]
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