Precise intensity correlation measurement for atomic resonance
fluorescence from optical molasses

doi:10.1364/OE.18.006604

Precise intensity correlation measurement for atomic resonance fluorescence from optical molasses

Kazuyuki Nakayama, Yutaka Yoshikawa, Hisatoshi Matsumoto, Yoshio Torii, and Takahiro Kuga »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 7, pp. 6604-6612 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.006604

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Abstract
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References (22)
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Abstract

We measured the intensity correlation of true thermal light scattered from cold atoms in an optical molasses. Using a single-mode fiber as a transverse mode filter, measurement with maximally high spatial coherence was realized, allowing us to observe ideal photon bunching with unprecedented precision. The measured intensity correlation functions showed a definite bimodal structure with fast damped oscillation from the maximum value of 2.02(3) and slow monotonic decay toward unity. The oscillation can be understood as an interference between elastic and inelastic scattering fields in resonance fluorescence.

OCIS Codes
(030.5260) Coherence and statistical optics : Photon counting
(270.5290) Quantum optics : Photon statistics
(020.3320) Atomic and molecular physics : Laser cooling

ToC Category:
Atomic and Molecular Physics

History
Original Manuscript: January 29, 2010
Revised Manuscript: February 9, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: February 9, 2010
Published: March 15, 2010

Citation
Kazuyuki Nakayama, Yutaka Yoshikawa, Hisatoshi Matsumoto, Yoshio Torii, and Takahiro Kuga, "Precise intensity correlation measurement for atomic resonance fluorescence from optical molasses," Opt. Express 18, 6604-6612 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-7-6604

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References

R. Hanbury Brown and R. Q. Twiss, "Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light," Nature (London) 177,27-29 (1956). [CrossRef]
D. Kleppner, "Hanbury Brown’s steamroller," Phys. Today 61,8-9 (2008). [CrossRef]
R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1983).
F. T. Arecchi, E. Gatti, and A. Sona "Time distribution of photons from coherent and Gaussian sources," Phys. Lett. 20,27-29 (1966). [CrossRef]
B. L. Morgan, and L. Mandel, "Measurement of Photon Bunching in a Thermal Light Beam," Phys. Rev. Lett. 16,1012-1015 (1966). [CrossRef]
D. Zhang, Y. H. Zhai, L. A. Wu, and X. H. Chen, "Correlated two-photon imaging with true thermal light," Opt. Lett. 30,2354-2356 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Jurczak, K. Sengstock,amazon R. Kaiser, N. Vansteenkiste, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, "Observation of intensity correlations in the fluorescence from laser cooled atoms," Opt. Commun. 115,480-484 (1995). [CrossRef]
C. Jurczak, B. Desruelle, K. Sengstock, J.-Y. Courtois, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, "Atomic Transport in an Optical Lattice: An Investigation through Polarization-Selective Intensity Correlations," Phys. Rev. A 77,1727-1730 (1996).
S. Bali, D. Hoffmann, J. Sim’an, and T. Walker, "Measurements of intensity correlations of scattered light from laser-cooled atoms," Phys. Rev. A 53,3469-3472 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. Stites, M. Beeler, L. Feeney, S. Kim, and S. Bali, "Sensitive measurement of radiation trapping in cold-atom clouds by intensity correlation detection," Opt. Lett. 29,2713-2715 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. J. Kimble, and L. Mandel, "Theory of resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 13,2123-2144 (1976). [CrossRef]
M. O. Scully, and M. S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1997).
B. Chu, Laser Light Scattering (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1991).
C. I. Westbrook, R. N. Watts, C. E. Tanner, S. L. Rolston, W. D. Phillips, P. D. Lett, and P. L. Gould, "Localization of atoms in a three-dimensional standing wave," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65,33-36 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. R. Mollow, "Power Spectrum of Light Scattered by Two-Level Systems," Phys. Rev. 188,1969-1975 (1969). [CrossRef]
B. Gao, "Effects of Zeeman degeneracy on the steady-state properties of an atom interacting with a near-resonant laser field: Resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 50,4139-4156 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Beeler, R. Stites, S. Kim, L. Feeney, and S. Bali, "Sensitive detection of radiation trapping in cold-atom clouds," Phys. Rev. A 68,013411 (2003). [CrossRef]
I. R. Senitzky, "Quantum-Mechanical Saturation in Resonance Fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 6,1171-1174 (1972). [CrossRef]
G. S. Agarwal, A. C. Brown, L. M. Narducci, and G. Vetri, "Collective atomic effects in resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 15,1613-1624 (1977). [CrossRef]
S. V. Lawande, R. R. Puri, and S. S. Hassan, "Non-resonant effects in the fluorescent Dicke model I. Exact steady state analysis," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 14,4171-4189 (1981). [CrossRef]
S. S. Hassan, G. P. Hildred, R. R. Puri, and S. V. Lawande, "Non-resonant effects in the fluorescent Dicke model II. Semiclassical and quantal results," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 15,1029-1049 (1982). [CrossRef]
O. Assaf and E. Akkermans, "Intensity Correlations and Mesoscopic Fluctuations of Diffusing Photons in Cold Atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98,083601 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys.

S. V. Lawande, R. R. Puri, and S. S. Hassan, "Non-resonant effects in the fluorescent Dicke model I. Exact steady state analysis," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 14,4171-4189 (1981). [CrossRef]
S. S. Hassan, G. P. Hildred, R. R. Puri, and S. V. Lawande, "Non-resonant effects in the fluorescent Dicke model II. Semiclassical and quantal results," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 15,1029-1049 (1982). [CrossRef]

Nature (London)

R. Hanbury Brown and R. Q. Twiss, "Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light," Nature (London) 177,27-29 (1956). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

C. Jurczak, K. Sengstock,amazon R. Kaiser, N. Vansteenkiste, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, "Observation of intensity correlations in the fluorescence from laser cooled atoms," Opt. Commun. 115,480-484 (1995). [CrossRef]

Opt. Lett.

Phys. Lett.

F. T. Arecchi, E. Gatti, and A. Sona "Time distribution of photons from coherent and Gaussian sources," Phys. Lett. 20,27-29 (1966). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev.

B. R. Mollow, "Power Spectrum of Light Scattered by Two-Level Systems," Phys. Rev. 188,1969-1975 (1969). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. A

B. Gao, "Effects of Zeeman degeneracy on the steady-state properties of an atom interacting with a near-resonant laser field: Resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 50,4139-4156 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Beeler, R. Stites, S. Kim, L. Feeney, and S. Bali, "Sensitive detection of radiation trapping in cold-atom clouds," Phys. Rev. A 68,013411 (2003). [CrossRef]
I. R. Senitzky, "Quantum-Mechanical Saturation in Resonance Fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 6,1171-1174 (1972). [CrossRef]
G. S. Agarwal, A. C. Brown, L. M. Narducci, and G. Vetri, "Collective atomic effects in resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 15,1613-1624 (1977). [CrossRef]
C. Jurczak, B. Desruelle, K. Sengstock, J.-Y. Courtois, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, "Atomic Transport in an Optical Lattice: An Investigation through Polarization-Selective Intensity Correlations," Phys. Rev. A 77,1727-1730 (1996).
S. Bali, D. Hoffmann, J. Sim’an, and T. Walker, "Measurements of intensity correlations of scattered light from laser-cooled atoms," Phys. Rev. A 53,3469-3472 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. J. Kimble, and L. Mandel, "Theory of resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 13,2123-2144 (1976). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

B. L. Morgan, and L. Mandel, "Measurement of Photon Bunching in a Thermal Light Beam," Phys. Rev. Lett. 16,1012-1015 (1966). [CrossRef]
C. I. Westbrook, R. N. Watts, C. E. Tanner, S. L. Rolston, W. D. Phillips, P. D. Lett, and P. L. Gould, "Localization of atoms in a three-dimensional standing wave," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65,33-36 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
O. Assaf and E. Akkermans, "Intensity Correlations and Mesoscopic Fluctuations of Diffusing Photons in Cold Atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98,083601 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Today

D. Kleppner, "Hanbury Brown’s steamroller," Phys. Today 61,8-9 (2008). [CrossRef]

Other

R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1983).
M. O. Scully, and M. S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1997).
B. Chu, Laser Light Scattering (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1991).

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[1] R. Hanbury Brown and R. Q. Twiss, "Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light," Nature (London) 177,27-29 (1956). [CrossRef]

[2] D. Kleppner, "Hanbury Brown’s steamroller," Phys. Today 61,8-9 (2008). [CrossRef]

[3] R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light (Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1983).

[4] F. T. Arecchi, E. Gatti, and A. Sona "Time distribution of photons from coherent and Gaussian sources," Phys. Lett. 20,27-29 (1966). [CrossRef]

[5] B. L. Morgan, and L. Mandel, "Measurement of Photon Bunching in a Thermal Light Beam," Phys. Rev. Lett. 16,1012-1015 (1966). [CrossRef]

[6] D. Zhang, Y. H. Zhai, L. A. Wu, and X. H. Chen, "Correlated two-photon imaging with true thermal light," Opt. Lett. 30,2354-2356 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] C. Jurczak, K. Sengstock,amazon R. Kaiser, N. Vansteenkiste, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, "Observation of intensity correlations in the fluorescence from laser cooled atoms," Opt. Commun. 115,480-484 (1995). [CrossRef]

[8] C. Jurczak, B. Desruelle, K. Sengstock, J.-Y. Courtois, C. I. Westbrook, and A. Aspect, "Atomic Transport in an Optical Lattice: An Investigation through Polarization-Selective Intensity Correlations," Phys. Rev. A 77,1727-1730 (1996).

[9] S. Bali, D. Hoffmann, J. Sim’an, and T. Walker, "Measurements of intensity correlations of scattered light from laser-cooled atoms," Phys. Rev. A 53,3469-3472 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] R. Stites, M. Beeler, L. Feeney, S. Kim, and S. Bali, "Sensitive measurement of radiation trapping in cold-atom clouds by intensity correlation detection," Opt. Lett. 29,2713-2715 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] H. J. Kimble, and L. Mandel, "Theory of resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 13,2123-2144 (1976). [CrossRef]

[12] M. O. Scully, and M. S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1997).

[13] B. Chu, Laser Light Scattering (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1991).

[14] C. I. Westbrook, R. N. Watts, C. E. Tanner, S. L. Rolston, W. D. Phillips, P. D. Lett, and P. L. Gould, "Localization of atoms in a three-dimensional standing wave," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65,33-36 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] B. R. Mollow, "Power Spectrum of Light Scattered by Two-Level Systems," Phys. Rev. 188,1969-1975 (1969). [CrossRef]

[16] B. Gao, "Effects of Zeeman degeneracy on the steady-state properties of an atom interacting with a near-resonant laser field: Resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 50,4139-4156 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] M. Beeler, R. Stites, S. Kim, L. Feeney, and S. Bali, "Sensitive detection of radiation trapping in cold-atom clouds," Phys. Rev. A 68,013411 (2003). [CrossRef]

[18] I. R. Senitzky, "Quantum-Mechanical Saturation in Resonance Fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 6,1171-1174 (1972). [CrossRef]

[19] G. S. Agarwal, A. C. Brown, L. M. Narducci, and G. Vetri, "Collective atomic effects in resonance fluorescence," Phys. Rev. A 15,1613-1624 (1977). [CrossRef]

[20] S. V. Lawande, R. R. Puri, and S. S. Hassan, "Non-resonant effects in the fluorescent Dicke model I. Exact steady state analysis," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 14,4171-4189 (1981). [CrossRef]

[21] S. S. Hassan, G. P. Hildred, R. R. Puri, and S. V. Lawande, "Non-resonant effects in the fluorescent Dicke model II. Semiclassical and quantal results," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 15,1029-1049 (1982). [CrossRef]

[22] O. Assaf and E. Akkermans, "Intensity Correlations and Mesoscopic Fluctuations of Diffusing Photons in Cold Atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98,083601 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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