Observation of photorefractive simultons in lithium niobate

doi:10.1364/OE.18.007972

Observation of photorefractive simultons in lithium niobate

Eugenio Fazio, Alessandro Belardini, Massimo Alonzo, Marco Centini, Mathieu Chauvet, Fabrice Devaux, and Michael Scalora »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 8, pp. 7972-7981 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.007972

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Abstract

Spatial and temporal locking of fundamental and second harmonic pulses was realized by means of photorefractive nonlinearity and highly mismatched harmonic generation. Due to the presence of both phase-locked and unlocked second harmonic pulses, a twin simultonic state was observed. Simultonic filamentation occurring at high pumping rates allowed us to determine a relation between the simulton’s waist and its intensity.

OCIS Codes
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
(190.2620) Nonlinear optics : Harmonic generation and mixing
(190.5530) Nonlinear optics : Pulse propagation and temporal solitons
(190.7110) Nonlinear optics : Ultrafast nonlinear optics
(190.6135) Nonlinear optics : Spatial solitons

ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics

History
Original Manuscript: February 3, 2010
Revised Manuscript: March 9, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: March 9, 2010
Published: March 31, 2010

Citation
Eugenio Fazio, Alessandro Belardini, Massimo Alonzo, Marco Centini, Mathieu Chauvet, Fabrice Devaux, and Michael Scalora, "Observation of photorefractive simultons in lithium niobate," Opt. Express 18, 7972-7981 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-8-7972

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References

R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of Optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964). [CrossRef]
J. S. Aitchison, A. M. Weiner, Y. Silberberg, M. K. Oliver, J. L. Jackel, D. E. Leaird, E. M. Vogel, and P. W. E. Smith, “Observation of spatial optical solitons in a nonlinear glass waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 15(9), 471–473 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. N. Karamzin and A. P. Sukhorukov, “Mutual focusing of high-power light beams in media with quadratic nonlinearity,” Sov. Phys. JETP 41, 414–416 (1976).
A. V. Buryak and Y. S. Kivshar, “Spatial optical solitons governed by quadratic nonlinearity,” Opt. Lett. 19(20), 1612–1614 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. R. Menyuk, R. Schiek, and L. Torner, “Solitary waves due to χ2: χ2 cascading,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11(12), 2434–2443 (1994). [CrossRef]
W. E. Torruellas, Z. Wang, D. J. Hagan, E. W. VanStryland, G. I. Stegeman, L. Torner, and C. R. Menyuk, “Observation of two-dimensional spatial solitary waves in a quadratic medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 74(25), 5036–5039 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. V. Buryak, Y. S. Kivshar, and V. V. Steblina, “Self-trapping of light beams and parametric solitons in diffractive quadratic media,” Phys. Rev. A 52(2), 1670–1674 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Duree, J. Shultz, G. Salamo, M. Segev, A. Yariv, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, E. Sharp, and R. Neurgaonkar, “Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photorefractive effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(4), 533–536 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Segev, G. C. Valley, B. Crosignani, P. DiPorto, and A. Yariv, “Steady-state spatial screening solitons in photorefractive materials with external applied field,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 73(24), 3211–3214 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
E. Fazio, F. Renzi, R. Rinaldi, M. Bertolotti, M. Chauvet, W. Ramadan, A. Petris, and V. I. Vlad, “Screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in lithium niobate and associated single-mode waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2193–2195 (2004). [CrossRef]
A. Hasegawa and F. Tappert, “Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. I. anomalous dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 23(3), 142 (1973). [CrossRef]
A. Hasegawa and F. Tappert, “Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. II. Normal dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 23(4), 171 (1973). [CrossRef]
P. Di Trapani, D. Caironi, G. Valiulis, A. Dubietis, R. Danielius, and A. Piskarskas, “Observation of Temporal Solitons in Second-Harmonic Generation with Tilted Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(3), 570–573 (1998). [CrossRef]
X. Liu, L. J. Qian, and F. W. Wise, “Generation of spatio-temporal solitons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(23), 4631–4634 (1999). [CrossRef]
M. J. Werner and P. D. Drummond, “simulton solutions for the parametric amplifier,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10(12), 2390–2393 (1993). [CrossRef]
V. Coda, M. Chauvet, F. Pettazzi, and E. Fazio, “3-D integrated optical interconnect induced by self-focused beam,” Electron. Lett. 42(8), 463–465 (2006). [CrossRef]
F. Pettazzi, V. Coda, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Frequency doubling in self-induced waveguides in lithium niobate,” Opt. Commun. 272(1), 238–241 (2007). [CrossRef]
F. Pettazzi, M. Alonzo, M. Centini, A. Petris, V. I. Vlad, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Self-trapping of low-energy infrared femtosecond beams in lithium niobate,” Phys. Rev. A 76(6), 063818–063821 (2007). [CrossRef]
F. Pettazzi, V. Coda, G. Fanjoux, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Dynamic of second harmonic generation in photovoltaic photorefractive quadratic medium,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27(1), 1–9 (2010). [CrossRef]
V.G. Dmitriev, G.G. Gurzadyan, D.N. Nikogosyan, Handbook of Nonlinear Optical Crystals. 2nd edition, (Springer).
N. Bloembergen and P. S. Pershan, “Light Waves at the Boundary of Nonlinear Media,” Phys. Rev. 128(2), 606–622 (1962). [CrossRef]
M. Mlejnek, E. M. Wright, J. V. Moloney, and N. Bloembergen, “Second Harmonic Generation of Femtosecond Pulses at the Boundary of a Nonlinear Dielectric,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(15), 2934–2937 (1999). [CrossRef]
V. Roppo, M. Centini, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, D. de Ceglia, M. Scalora, N. Akozbek, M. J. Bloemer, J. W. Haus, O. G. Kosareva, and V. P. Kandidov, “Role of phase matching in pulsed second-harmonic generation: Walk-off and phase-locked twin pulses in negative-index media,” Phys. Rev. A 76, 033829 (2007). [CrossRef]
E. Fazio, F. Pettazzi, M. Centini, M. Chauvet, A. Belardini, M. Alonzo, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, and M. Scalora, “Complete spatial and temporal locking in phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3141–3147 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Safioui, F. Devaux, and M. Chauvet, “Pyroliton: pyroelectric spatial soliton,” Opt. Express 17(24), 22209–22216 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Safioui, M. Chauvet, F. Devaux, V. Coda, F. Pettazzi, M. Alonzo, and E. Fazio, “Polarization and configuration dependence of beam self-focusing in photorefractive LiNbO3,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26(3), 487–492 (2009). [CrossRef]
N. V. Kukhtarev, V. B. Markov, S. G. Odoulov, M. S. Soskin, and V. L. Vinetskii, Ferroelectrics 22, 949 (1979). [CrossRef]
F. Pettazzi, V. Coda, G. Fanjoux, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Dynamic of second harmonic generation in photovoltaic photorefractive quadratic medium,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27(1), 1–9 (2010). [CrossRef]
E. Fazio, F. Pettazzi, M. Centini, M. Chauvet, A. Belardini, M. Alonzo, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, and M. Scalora, “Complete spatial and temporal locking in phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3141–3147 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of Optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964). [CrossRef]

[2] J. S. Aitchison, A. M. Weiner, Y. Silberberg, M. K. Oliver, J. L. Jackel, D. E. Leaird, E. M. Vogel, and P. W. E. Smith, “Observation of spatial optical solitons in a nonlinear glass waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 15(9), 471–473 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] Y. N. Karamzin and A. P. Sukhorukov, “Mutual focusing of high-power light beams in media with quadratic nonlinearity,” Sov. Phys. JETP 41, 414–416 (1976).

[4] A. V. Buryak and Y. S. Kivshar, “Spatial optical solitons governed by quadratic nonlinearity,” Opt. Lett. 19(20), 1612–1614 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] C. R. Menyuk, R. Schiek, and L. Torner, “Solitary waves due to χ2: χ2 cascading,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11(12), 2434–2443 (1994). [CrossRef]

[6] W. E. Torruellas, Z. Wang, D. J. Hagan, E. W. VanStryland, G. I. Stegeman, L. Torner, and C. R. Menyuk, “Observation of two-dimensional spatial solitary waves in a quadratic medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 74(25), 5036–5039 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] A. V. Buryak, Y. S. Kivshar, and V. V. Steblina, “Self-trapping of light beams and parametric solitons in diffractive quadratic media,” Phys. Rev. A 52(2), 1670–1674 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] G. Duree, J. Shultz, G. Salamo, M. Segev, A. Yariv, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, E. Sharp, and R. Neurgaonkar, “Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photorefractive effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(4), 533–536 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] M. Segev, G. C. Valley, B. Crosignani, P. DiPorto, and A. Yariv, “Steady-state spatial screening solitons in photorefractive materials with external applied field,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 73(24), 3211–3214 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] E. Fazio, F. Renzi, R. Rinaldi, M. Bertolotti, M. Chauvet, W. Ramadan, A. Petris, and V. I. Vlad, “Screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in lithium niobate and associated single-mode waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2193–2195 (2004). [CrossRef]

[11] A. Hasegawa and F. Tappert, “Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. I. anomalous dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 23(3), 142 (1973). [CrossRef]

[12] A. Hasegawa and F. Tappert, “Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. II. Normal dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 23(4), 171 (1973). [CrossRef]

[13] P. Di Trapani, D. Caironi, G. Valiulis, A. Dubietis, R. Danielius, and A. Piskarskas, “Observation of Temporal Solitons in Second-Harmonic Generation with Tilted Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(3), 570–573 (1998). [CrossRef]

[14] X. Liu, L. J. Qian, and F. W. Wise, “Generation of spatio-temporal solitons,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(23), 4631–4634 (1999). [CrossRef]

[15] M. J. Werner and P. D. Drummond, “simulton solutions for the parametric amplifier,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10(12), 2390–2393 (1993). [CrossRef]

[16] V. Coda, M. Chauvet, F. Pettazzi, and E. Fazio, “3-D integrated optical interconnect induced by self-focused beam,” Electron. Lett. 42(8), 463–465 (2006). [CrossRef]

[17] F. Pettazzi, V. Coda, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Frequency doubling in self-induced waveguides in lithium niobate,” Opt. Commun. 272(1), 238–241 (2007). [CrossRef]

[18] F. Pettazzi, M. Alonzo, M. Centini, A. Petris, V. I. Vlad, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Self-trapping of low-energy infrared femtosecond beams in lithium niobate,” Phys. Rev. A 76(6), 063818–063821 (2007). [CrossRef]

[19] F. Pettazzi, V. Coda, G. Fanjoux, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Dynamic of second harmonic generation in photovoltaic photorefractive quadratic medium,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27(1), 1–9 (2010). [CrossRef]

[20] V.G. Dmitriev, G.G. Gurzadyan, D.N. Nikogosyan, Handbook of Nonlinear Optical Crystals. 2nd edition, (Springer).

[21] N. Bloembergen and P. S. Pershan, “Light Waves at the Boundary of Nonlinear Media,” Phys. Rev. 128(2), 606–622 (1962). [CrossRef]

[22] M. Mlejnek, E. M. Wright, J. V. Moloney, and N. Bloembergen, “Second Harmonic Generation of Femtosecond Pulses at the Boundary of a Nonlinear Dielectric,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(15), 2934–2937 (1999). [CrossRef]

[23] V. Roppo, M. Centini, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, D. de Ceglia, M. Scalora, N. Akozbek, M. J. Bloemer, J. W. Haus, O. G. Kosareva, and V. P. Kandidov, “Role of phase matching in pulsed second-harmonic generation: Walk-off and phase-locked twin pulses in negative-index media,” Phys. Rev. A 76, 033829 (2007). [CrossRef]

[24] E. Fazio, F. Pettazzi, M. Centini, M. Chauvet, A. Belardini, M. Alonzo, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, and M. Scalora, “Complete spatial and temporal locking in phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3141–3147 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[25] J. Safioui, F. Devaux, and M. Chauvet, “Pyroliton: pyroelectric spatial soliton,” Opt. Express 17(24), 22209–22216 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[26] J. Safioui, M. Chauvet, F. Devaux, V. Coda, F. Pettazzi, M. Alonzo, and E. Fazio, “Polarization and configuration dependence of beam self-focusing in photorefractive LiNbO3,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26(3), 487–492 (2009). [CrossRef]

[27] N. V. Kukhtarev, V. B. Markov, S. G. Odoulov, M. S. Soskin, and V. L. Vinetskii, Ferroelectrics 22, 949 (1979). [CrossRef]

[28] F. Pettazzi, V. Coda, G. Fanjoux, M. Chauvet, and E. Fazio, “Dynamic of second harmonic generation in photovoltaic photorefractive quadratic medium,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27(1), 1–9 (2010). [CrossRef]

[29] E. Fazio, F. Pettazzi, M. Centini, M. Chauvet, A. Belardini, M. Alonzo, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti, and M. Scalora, “Complete spatial and temporal locking in phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Express 17(5), 3141–3147 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Observation of photorefractive simultons in lithium niobate