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Decoy-state quantum key distribution with polarized photons over 200 km
Yang Liu, Teng-Yun Chen, Jian Wang, Wen-Qi Cai, Xu Wan, Luo-Kan Chen, Jin-Hong Wang, Shu-Bin Liu, Hao Liang, Lin Yang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Kai Chen, Zeng-Bing Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan »View Author Affiliations
1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
2Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
4pcz@ustc.edu.cn
5zbchen@ustc.edu.cn
6pan@ustc.edu.cn
*kaichen@ustc.edu.cn
Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 8, pp. 8587-8594 (2010)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.008587
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Abstract
We report an implementation of decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) over 200 km optical fiber cable through photon polarization encoding. This is achieved by constructing the whole QKD system operating at 320 MHz repetition rate, and developing high-speed transmitter and receiver modules. A novel and economic way of synchronization method is designed and incorporated into the system, which allows to work at a low frequency of 40kHz and removes the use of highly precise clock. A final key rate of 15 Hz is distributed within the experimental time of 3089 seconds, by using super-conducting single photon detectors. This is longest decoy-state QKD yet demonstrated up to date. It helps to make a significant step towards practical secure communication in long-distance scope.
© 2010 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(060.0060) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics and optical communications
(270.0270) Quantum optics : Quantum optics
(060.5565) Fiber optics and optical communications : Quantum communications
ToC Category:
Quantum Optics
History
Original Manuscript: January 6, 2010
Revised Manuscript: March 22, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: March 29, 2010
Published: April 8, 2010
Citation
Yang Liu, Teng-Yun Chen, Jian Wang, Wen-Qi Cai, Xu Wan, Luo-Kan Chen, Jin-Hong Wang, Shu-Bin Liu, Hao Liang, Lin Yang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Kai Chen, Zeng-Bing Chen, and Jian-Wei Pan, "Decoy-state quantum key distribution with polarized photons over 200 km," Opt. Express 18, 8587-8594 (2010)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-8-8587
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- D. Rosenberg, J. W. Harrington, P. R. Rice, P. A. Hiskett, C. G. Peterson, R. J. Hughes, A. E. Lita, S. W. Nam, and J. E. Nordholt, "Long-Distance Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution in Optical Fiber," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 010503 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H. Inamori, N. Lütkenhaus, D. Mayers, "Unconditional security of practical quantum key distribution," Eur. Phys. J. D 41, 599-627 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. Lütkenhaus and M. Jahma, "Quantum key distribution with realistic states: photon-number statistics in the photon-number splitting attack," New J. Phys. 4, 44-53 (2002). [CrossRef]
- Q. Wang, W. Chen, G. Xavier, M. Swillo, T. Zhang, S. Sauge, M. Tengner, Z.-F. Han, G.-C. Guo, and A. Karlsson "Experimental Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution with a Sub-Poissionian Heralded Single-Photon Source," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 090501 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Y. Zhao, B. Qi, X. Ma, H.-K. Lo, and L. Qian, "Experimental Quantum Key Distribution with Decoy States," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 070502 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Ma, B. Qi, Y. Zhao, and H.-K. Lo, "Practical decoy state for quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. A 72, 012326 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H.-K. Lo, X. Ma, and K. Chen, "Decoy state quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230504 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Gottesman, H.-K. Lo, N. Lütkenhaus, and J. Preskill, "Security of quantum key distribution with imperfect devices," Quantum Inf. Comput. 4, 325-360 (2004).
- V. Scarani, N. J. Cerf, M. Dušek, N. Lütkenhaus, and M. Peev, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1301-1350 (2009).
- H. Inamori, N. Lütkenhaus, D. Mayers, "Unconditional security of practical quantum key distribution," Eur. Phys. J. D 41, 599-627 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Gottesman, H.-K. Lo, N. Lütkenhaus, and J. Preskill, "Security of quantum key distribution with imperfect devices," Quantum Inf. Comput. 4, 325-360 (2004).
- N. Lütkenhaus and M. Jahma, "Quantum key distribution with realistic states: photon-number statistics in the photon-number splitting attack," New J. Phys. 4, 44-53 (2002). [CrossRef]
- N. Lütkenhaus, "Security against individual attacks for realistic quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. A 61, 052304 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. Brassard, N. Lütkenhaus, T. Mor, and B.C. Sanders, "Limitations on Practical Quantum Cryptography," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330-1333 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C.-Z. Peng, J. Zhang, D. Yang, W.-B. Gao, H.-X. Ma, H. Yin, H.-P. Zeng, T. Yang, X.-B. Wang, and J.-W. Pan, "Experimental Long-Distance Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution Based on Polarization Encoding," Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 010505 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Qi, C. H. Fung, H. K. Lo, and X. Ma, "Time-shift attack in practical quantum cryptosystems," Quant. Info. Comput. 7, 073-082 (2007).
- Y. Zhao, B. Qi, X. Ma, H.-K. Lo, and L. Qian, "Experimental Quantum Key Distribution with Decoy States," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 070502 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H.-K. Lo, X. Ma, and K. Chen, "Decoy state quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230504 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Ma, B. Qi, Y. Zhao, and H.-K. Lo, "Practical decoy state for quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. A 72, 012326 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Tanaka, M. Fujiwara, S.W. Nam, Y. Nambu, S. Takahashi, W. Maeda, K. Yoshino, S. Miki, B. Baek, Z. Wang, A. Tajima, M. Sasaki, and A. Tomita, "Ultra fast quantum key distribution over a 97 km installed telecom fiber with wavelength division multiplexing clock synchronization," Opt. Express 16, 11354-11360 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Makarov, A. Anisimov, and J. Skaar, "Effects of detector efficiency mismatch on security of quantum cryptosystems," Phys. Rev. A 74, 022313 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Inamori, N. Lütkenhaus, D. Mayers, "Unconditional security of practical quantum key distribution," Eur. Phys. J. D 41, 599-627 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Rosenberg, C. G. Peterson, J. W. Harrington, P. R. Rice, N. Dallmann, K. T. Tyagi, K. P. McCabe, S. Nam, B. Baek, R. H. Hadfield, R. J. Hughes, and J. E. Nordholt, "Practical long-distance quantum key distribution system using decoy levels," New J. Phys. 11, 045009 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- G. Brassard, N. Lütkenhaus, T. Mor, and B.C. Sanders, "Limitations on Practical Quantum Cryptography," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330-1333 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Huttner, N. Imoto, N. Gisin, and T. Mor, "Quantum cryptography with coherent states," Phys. Rev. A 51, 1863-1869 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H. P. Yuen, "Quantum amplifiers, quantum duplicators and quantum cryptography," Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 8, 939-949 (1996). [CrossRef]
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