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Terahertz imaging and spectroscopy of large-area single-layer grapheneJ. L. Tomaino, A. D. Jameson, J. W. Kevek, M. J. Paul, A. M. van der Zande, R. A. Barton, P. L. McEuen, E. D. Minot, and Yun-Shik Lee »View Author Affiliations
J. L. Tomaino,1
A. D. Jameson,1
J. W. Kevek,1
M. J. Paul,1
A. M. van der Zande,2
R. A. Barton,3
P. L. McEuen,2,4
E. D. Minot,1
and Yun-Shik Lee1,*
1Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA 2Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA 3School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA 4Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA *Corresponding author: leeys@physics.oregonstate.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 141-146 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.000141
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Abstract
We demonstrate terahertz (THz) imaging and spectroscopy of a 15 × 15-mm2 single-layer graphene film on Si using broadband THz pulses. The THz images clearly map out the THz carrier dynamics of the graphene-on-Si sample, allowing us to measure sheet conductivity with sub-mm resolution without fabricating electrodes. The THz carrier dynamics are dominated by intraband transitions and the THz-induced electron motion is characterized by a flat spectral response. A theoretical analysis based on the Fresnel coefficients for a metallic thin film shows that the local sheet conductivity varies across the sample from σs = 1.7 × 10−3 to 2.4 × 10−3 Ω−1 (sheet resistance, ρs = 420 - 590 Ω/sq).
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(320.7130) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast processes in condensed matter, including semiconductors
(160.4236) Materials : Nanomaterials
(300.6495) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, teraherz
ToC Category:
Spectroscopy
History
Original Manuscript: November 10, 2010
Revised Manuscript: December 14, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: December 15, 2010
Published: December 21, 2010
Citation
J. L. Tomaino, A. D. Jameson, J. W. Kevek, M. J. Paul, A. M. van der Zande, R. A. Barton, P. L. McEuen, E. D. Minot, and Yun-Shik Lee, "Terahertz imaging and spectroscopy of large-area single-layer graphene," Opt. Express 19, 141-146 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-141
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References
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- L. A. Ponomarenko, F. Schedin, M. I. Katsnelson, R. Yang, E. W. Hill, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, “Chaotic Dirac Billiard in Graphene Quantum Dots,” Science 320(5874), 356–358 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Lee, S. Bae, H. Jang, S. Jang, S.-E. Zhu, S. H. Sim, Y. I. Song, B. H. Hong, and J.-H. Ahn, “Wafer-Scale Synthesis and Transfer of Graphene Films,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 490–493 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Bae, H. Kim, Y. Lee, X. Xu, J.-S. Park, Y. Zheng, J. Balakrishnan, T. Lei, H. Ri Kim, Y. I. Song, Y.-J. Kim, K. S. Kim, B. Özyilmaz, J.-H. Ahn, B. H. Hong, and S. Iijima, “Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(8), 574–578 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Kim, Y. Zhao, H. Jang, S. Y. Lee, J. M. Kim, K. S. Kim, J.-H. Ahn, P. Kim, J.-Y. Choi, and B. H. Hong, “Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes,” Nature 457(7230), 706–710 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-W. Tan, Y. Zhang, K. Bolotin, Y. Zhao, S. Adam, E. H. Hwang, S. Das Sarma, H. L. Stormer, and P. Kim, “Measurement of Scattering Rate and Minimum Conductivity in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(24), 246803 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Bae, H. Kim, Y. Lee, X. Xu, J.-S. Park, Y. Zheng, J. Balakrishnan, T. Lei, H. Ri Kim, Y. I. Song, Y.-J. Kim, K. S. Kim, B. Özyilmaz, J.-H. Ahn, B. H. Hong, and S. Iijima, “Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 5(8), 574–578 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Lee, S. Bae, H. Jang, S. Jang, S.-E. Zhu, S. H. Sim, Y. I. Song, B. H. Hong, and J.-H. Ahn, “Wafer-Scale Synthesis and Transfer of Graphene Films,” Nano Lett. 10(2), 490–493 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Dragoman and D. Dragoman, “Graphene-based quantum electronics,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 33(6), 165–214 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- H. Wang, D. Nezich, J. Kong, and T. Palacios, “Graphene frequency multipliers,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(5), 547–549 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. L. Rangel and J. M. Seminario, “Graphene terahertz generators for molecular circuits and sensors,” J. Phys. Chem. A 112(51), 13699–13705 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, “The rise of graphene,” Nat. Mater. 6(3), 183–191 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-W. Tan, Y. Zhang, K. Bolotin, Y. Zhao, S. Adam, E. H. Hwang, S. Das Sarma, H. L. Stormer, and P. Kim, “Measurement of Scattering Rate and Minimum Conductivity in Graphene,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(24), 246803 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. C. Ferrari, J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, S. Roth, and A. K. Geim, “Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(18), 187401 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Ryzhii, “Terahertz plasma waves in gated graphene heterostructures,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(35), L923–L925 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. Berger, Z. Song, X. Li, X. Wu, N. Brown, C. Naud, D. Mayou, T. Li, J. Hass, A. N. Marchenkov, E. H. Conrad, P. N. First, and W. A. de Heer, “Electronic confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene,” Science 312(5777), 1191–1196 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Zhang, J. W. Tan, H. L. Stormer, and P. Kim, “Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase in graphene,” Nature 438(7065), 201–204 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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