Non-Blocking 4x4 Electro-Optic Silicon Switch for On-Chip Photonic Networks

doi:10.1364/OE.19.000047

Non-Blocking 4x4 Electro-Optic Silicon Switch for On-Chip Photonic Networks

Min Yang, William M. J. Green, Solomon Assefa, Joris Van Campenhout, Benjamin G. Lee, Christopher V. Jahnes, Fuad E. Doany, Clint L. Schow, Jeffrey A. Kash, and Yurii A. Vlasov »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 47-54 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.000047

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Abstract
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Abstract

We present a 4x4 spatially non-blocking Mach-Zehnder based silicon optical switch fabricated using processes fully compatible with standard CMOS. We successfully demonstrate operation in all 9 unique switch states and 12 possible I/O routing configurations, with worst-case cross-talk levels lower than −9 dB, and common spectral bandwidth of 7 nm. High-speed 40 Gbps data transmission experiments verify optical data integrity for all input-output channels.

OCIS Codes
(060.4250) Fiber optics and optical communications : Networks
(230.3990) Optical devices : Micro-optical devices
(130.4815) Integrated optics : Optical switching devices

ToC Category:
Integrated Optics

History
Original Manuscript: November 9, 2010
Revised Manuscript: December 9, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: December 13, 2010
Published: December 20, 2010

Citation
Min Yang, William M. J. Green, Solomon Assefa, Joris Van Campenhout, Benjamin G. Lee, Christopher V. Jahnes, Fuad E. Doany, Clint L. Schow, Jeffrey A. Kash, and Yurii A. Vlasov, "Non-Blocking 4x4 Electro-Optic Silicon Switch for On-Chip Photonic Networks," Opt. Express 19, 47-54 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-47

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References

F. Benner, M. Ignatowski, J. A. Kash, D. M. Kuchta, and M. B. Ritter, “Exploitation of optical interconnects in future server architectures,” IBM J. Res. Develop. 49(4), 755–775 (2005). [CrossRef]
K. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “Photonic networks-on-chip for future generations of chip multiprocessors,” IEEE Trans. Comput. 57(9), 1246–1260 (2008). [CrossRef]
T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. Kartner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, “Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited],” J. Opt. Netw. 6(1), 63–73 (2007). [CrossRef]
C. Batten, A. Joshi, J. Orcutt, A. Khilo, B. Moss, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, H. Q. Li, H. I. Smith, J. L. Hoyt, F. X. Kartner, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, and K. Asanovic, “Building Many-Core Processor-to-DRAM Networks with Monolithic CMOS Silicon Photonics,” IEEE Micro 29(4), 8–21 (2009). [CrossRef]
B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, P. Dong, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “All optical comb switch for multi-wavelength message routing in silicon photonic networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(10), 767–769 (2008). [CrossRef]
B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, N. Sherwood-Droz, C. B. Poitras, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “High-speed 2x2 switch for multiwavelength siliconphotonic networks-on-chip,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(14), 2900–2907 (2009). [CrossRef]
Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008). [CrossRef]
W. M. J. Green, M. J. Rooks, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator,” Opt. Express 15(25), 17106–17113 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Low-power, 2 x 2 silicon electro-optic switch with 110-nm bandwidth for broadband reconfigurable optical networks,” Opt. Express 17(26), 24020–24029 (2009). [CrossRef]
N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4×4 hitless silicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, J. Chan, and K. Bergman, “High-performance modulators and switches for silicon photonic networks-on-chip,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 6–22 (2010). [CrossRef]
A. Biberman, B. G. Lee, N. Sherwood-Droz, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “Broadband operation of nanophotonic router for silicon photonic networks-on-chip,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(12), 926–928 (2010). [CrossRef]
Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1-3), 99–104 (2004). [CrossRef]
H. Chen and A. W. Poon, “Low-loss multimode-interference-based crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(21), 2260–2262 (2006). [CrossRef]
S. K. Selvaraja, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Subnanometer linewidth uniformity in silicon nanophotonic waveguide devices using CMOS fabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 316–324 (2010). [CrossRef]
J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Integrated NiSi waveguide heaters for CMOS-compatible silicon thermo-optic devices,” Opt. Lett. 35(7), 1013–1015 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. M. Green, H. F. Hamann, and Y. Vlasov, “Silicide thermal heaters for silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic devices”, U.S. patent application 11/849591 (2007).
J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Design of a digital, ultra-broadband electro-optic switch for reconfigurable optical networks-on-chip,” Opt. Express 17(26), 23793–23808 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Digital noise-tolerant silicon nanophotonic switch”, in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2010), paper CPDA12.

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[1] F. Benner, M. Ignatowski, J. A. Kash, D. M. Kuchta, and M. B. Ritter, “Exploitation of optical interconnects in future server architectures,” IBM J. Res. Develop. 49(4), 755–775 (2005). [CrossRef]

[2] K. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “Photonic networks-on-chip for future generations of chip multiprocessors,” IEEE Trans. Comput. 57(9), 1246–1260 (2008). [CrossRef]

[3] T. Barwicz, H. Byun, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, E. P. Ippen, F. X. Kartner, H. I. Smith, J. S. Orcutt, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, O. O. Olubuyide, J. L. Hoyt, S. Spector, M. Geis, M. Grein, T. Lyszczarz, and J. U. Yoon, “Silicon photonics for compact, energy-efficient interconnects [Invited],” J. Opt. Netw. 6(1), 63–73 (2007). [CrossRef]

[4] C. Batten, A. Joshi, J. Orcutt, A. Khilo, B. Moss, C. W. Holzwarth, M. A. Popovic, H. Q. Li, H. I. Smith, J. L. Hoyt, F. X. Kartner, R. J. Ram, V. Stojanovic, and K. Asanovic, “Building Many-Core Processor-to-DRAM Networks with Monolithic CMOS Silicon Photonics,” IEEE Micro 29(4), 8–21 (2009). [CrossRef]

[5] B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, P. Dong, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “All optical comb switch for multi-wavelength message routing in silicon photonic networks,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(10), 767–769 (2008). [CrossRef]

[6] B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, N. Sherwood-Droz, C. B. Poitras, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “High-speed 2x2 switch for multiwavelength siliconphotonic networks-on-chip,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27(14), 2900–2907 (2009). [CrossRef]

[7] Y. Vlasov, W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, “High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 242–246 (2008). [CrossRef]

[8] W. M. J. Green, M. J. Rooks, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator,” Opt. Express 15(25), 17106–17113 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Low-power, 2 x 2 silicon electro-optic switch with 110-nm bandwidth for broadband reconfigurable optical networks,” Opt. Express 17(26), 24020–24029 (2009). [CrossRef]

[10] N. Sherwood-Droz, H. Wang, L. Chen, B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, K. Bergman, and M. Lipson, “Optical 4×4 hitless silicon router for optical networks-on-chip (NoC),” Opt. Express 16(20), 15915–15922 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] B. G. Lee, A. Biberman, J. Chan, and K. Bergman, “High-performance modulators and switches for silicon photonic networks-on-chip,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 6–22 (2010). [CrossRef]

[12] A. Biberman, B. G. Lee, N. Sherwood-Droz, M. Lipson, and K. Bergman, “Broadband operation of nanophotonic router for silicon photonic networks-on-chip,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(12), 926–928 (2010). [CrossRef]

[13] Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, and M. Lipson, “Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator,” Nature 435(7040), 325–327 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1-3), 99–104 (2004). [CrossRef]

[15] H. Chen and A. W. Poon, “Low-loss multimode-interference-based crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(21), 2260–2262 (2006). [CrossRef]

[16] S. K. Selvaraja, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Subnanometer linewidth uniformity in silicon nanophotonic waveguide devices using CMOS fabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 316–324 (2010). [CrossRef]

[17] J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Integrated NiSi waveguide heaters for CMOS-compatible silicon thermo-optic devices,” Opt. Lett. 35(7), 1013–1015 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] W. M. Green, H. F. Hamann, and Y. Vlasov, “Silicide thermal heaters for silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic devices”, U.S. patent application 11/849591 (2007).

[19] J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Design of a digital, ultra-broadband electro-optic switch for reconfigurable optical networks-on-chip,” Opt. Express 17(26), 23793–23808 (2009). [CrossRef]

[20] J. Van Campenhout, W. M. J. Green, S. Assefa, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Digital noise-tolerant silicon nanophotonic switch”, in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2010), paper CPDA12.

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Non-Blocking 4x4 Electro-Optic Silicon Switch for On-Chip Photonic Networks