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Deep blue polymer light emitting diodes based on easy to synthesize, non-aggregating polypyrene

Roman Trattnig, Teresa M. Figueira-Duarte, Dominik Lorbach, Wolfgang Wiedemair, Stefan Sax, Stefanie Winkler, Antje Vollmer, Norbert Koch, Marianna Manca, Maria Antonietta Loi, Martin Baumgarten, Emil J.W. List, and Klaus Müllen

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Abstract

Thorough analyses of the photo- and devicephysics of poly-7-tert-butyl-1,3-pyrenylene (PPyr) by the means of absorption and photoluminescence emission, time resolved photoluminescence and photoinduced absorption spectroscopy as well as organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) are presented in this contribution. Thereby we find that this novel class of polymers shows deep blue light emission as required for OLEDs and does not exhibit excimer or aggregate emission when processed from solvents with low polarity. Moreover the decay dynamics of the compound is found to be comparable to that of well blue emitting conjugated polymers such as polyfluorene. OLEDs built in an improved device assembly show stable bright blue emission for the PPyr homopolymer and further a considerable efficiency enhancement can be demonstrated using a triphenylamine(TPA)/pyrene copolymer.

©2011 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 left: Chemical structure of Polypyrene (n = 115), right: Chemical structure of Pyrene-Triphenylamine-Copolymer (m:n ratio is 97:3)

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 UV-Visible absorption (360 nm) and photoluminescence emission spectra (466-487 nm) of PPyr in toluene, cyclohexane and acetonitrile (top) and in thin film spin cast from different solutions (bottom).

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 UV-Visible absorption and photoluminescence emission spectra (λexc = 360 nm) of PPyr/TPA in toluene (top) and in thin film spin cast from this solution (bottom).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 TRPL decay of a PPyr solution in toluene and of a PPyr thin film (λexc = 380 nm). Solid lines: mono-exponential (solution) and double-exponential (thin film) fits for fluorescence lifetime evaluation.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Normalized absorption spectrum of polypyrene and photoinduced absorption spectrum of PPyr at 100K; inset: absolute value of In-phase- and Out-of-phase component to determine the lifetime of triplet excitons at 760 nm (100mW laserpower, λexc = 364 nm).

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Valence region UPS- (left) and SECO (right) spectra of PEDOT:PSS, pure polypyrene and of PPyr covered by 2.5 nm and 5 nm thick layer of TPBi.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Energy level diagram for PEDOT:PSS/PPyr/TPBi.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 a. Current density (line with squares) / luminance (line with circles) as a function of the bias voltage in an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PPyr/TPBi/Ca/Al device. The inset shows the electroluminescence emission spectrum after 1–5 minutes of continuous operation for the same device. The emission spectra have been obtained at a current density of 1.11 kA/m2 and a bias of ca. 4.1 V. Figure 8b: Current density (line with squares) / luminance (line with circles) as a function of the bias voltage in an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PPyrTPA/TPBi/Ca/Al device. The inset shows the electroluminescence emission spectrum after 1–5 minutes of continuous operation for the same device. The emission spectra have been obtained at a current density of 1.11 kA/m2 and a bias of ca. 5.3 V.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Singlet exciton and triplet exciton lifetimes of pyrene-molecule, pyrene-polymer PPyr and polyfluorene in solution and in solid state

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