Actively coupled cavity ringdown spectroscopy with low-power broadband sources

doi:10.1364/OE.19.010164

Actively coupled cavity ringdown spectroscopy with low-power broadband sources

Christian Petermann and Peer Fischer »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 11, pp. 10164-10173 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.010164

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Abstract

We demonstrate a coupling scheme for cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy that makes use of an intracavity acousto-optical modulator to actively switch light into (and out of) a resonator. This allows cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) to be implemented with broadband nonlaser light sources with spectral power densities of less than 30μW/nm. Although the acousto-optical element reduces the ultimate detection limit by introducing additional losses, it permits absorptivities to be measured with a high dynamic range, especially in lossy environments. Absorption measurements for the forbidden transition of gaseous oxygen in air at ∼760nm are presented using a low-coherence cw-superluminescent diode. The same setup was electronically configured to cover absorption losses from 1.8×10⁻⁸cm⁻¹ to 7.5% per roundtrip. This could be of interest in process analytical applications.

OCIS Codes
(120.0120) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology
(140.4780) Lasers and laser optics : Optical resonators
(300.0300) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy
(010.1030) Atmospheric and oceanic optics : Absorption

ToC Category:
Spectroscopy

History
Original Manuscript: March 18, 2011
Revised Manuscript: April 29, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: April 29, 2011
Published: May 9, 2011

Citation
Christian Petermann and Peer Fischer, "Actively coupled cavity ringdown spectroscopy with low-power broadband sources," Opt. Express 19, 10164-10173 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-11-10164

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References

A. O’Keefe and D. A. G. Deacon, “Cavity ring-down optical spectrometer for absorption measurements using pulsed laser sources,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59, 2544–2551 (1988). [CrossRef]
G. Rempe, R. J. Thompson, H. J. Kimble, and R. Lalezari, “Measurement of ultralow losses in an optical interferometer,” Opt. Lett. 17, 363–365 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
E. R. Crosson, P. Haar, G. A. Marcus, H. A. Schwettman, B. A. Paldus, T. G. Spence, and R. N. Zare, “Pulse-stacked cavity ring-down spectroscopy,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 4–10 (1999). [CrossRef]
T. Gherman and D. Romanini, “Modelocked cavity–enhanced absorption spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 10, 1033–1042 (2002). [PubMed]
J. Morville, S. Kassi, M. Chenevier, and D. Romanini, “Fast, low-noise, mode-by-mode, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy by diode-laser self-locking,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 1027–1038 (2005). [CrossRef]
K. Stelmaszczyk, M. Fechner, P. Rohwetter, M. Queißer, A. Czyzewski, T. Stacewicz, and L. Wöste, “Towards supercontinuum cavity ring-down spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B 94, 369–373 (2008). [CrossRef]
G. Méjean, S. Kassi, and D. Romanini, “Measurement of reactive atmospheric species by ultraviolet cavity-enhanced spectroscopy with a mode-locked femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 33, 1231–1233 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
I. Ventrillard-Courtillot, T. Gonthiez, C. Clerici, and D. Romanini, “Multispecies breath analysis faster than a single respiratory cycle by optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14, 064026 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. M. Ball, J. M. Langridge, and R. L. Jones, “Broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy using light emitting diodes,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 398, 68–74 (2004). [CrossRef]
S. E. Fiedler, A. Hese, and A. A. Ruth, “Incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy of liquids,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 023107 (2005). [CrossRef]
T. Wu, W. Zhao, W. Chen, W. Zhang, and X. Gao, “Incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy for in situ measurements of NO2 with a blue light emitting diode,” Appl. Phys. B 94, 85–94 (2008). [CrossRef]
I. Ventrillard-Courtillot, E. Sciamma O’Brien, S. Kassi, G. Méjean, and D. Romanini, “Incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for simultaneous trace measurements of NO2 and NO3 with a LED source,” Appl. Phys. B 101, 661–669 (2010). [CrossRef]
S. Ball and R. Jones, “Broadband Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy,” in Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy , G. Berden and R. Engeln, eds. (Wiley, 2010), pp. 57–88.
G. Berden, R. Peeters, and G. Meijer, “Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: experimental schemes and applications,” Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 19, 565–607 (2000). [CrossRef]
E. O. Potma, C. Evans, X. S. Xie, R. J. Jones, and J. Ye, “Picosecond-pulse amplification with an external passive optical cavity,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1835–1837 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. Zalicki and R. N. Zare, “Cavity ring-down spectroscopy for quantitative absorption measurements,” J. Chem. Phys. 102, 2708–2717 (1995). [CrossRef]
P. S. Johnston and K. K. Lehmann, “Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy using a broadband prism cavity and a supercontinuum source,” Opt. Express 16, 15013–15023 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. M. Langridge, T. Laurila, R. S. Watt, R. L. Jones, C. F. Kaminski, and J. Hult, “Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy of multiple trace gas species using a supercontinuum radiation source,” Opt. Express 16, 10178–10188 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] A. O’Keefe and D. A. G. Deacon, “Cavity ring-down optical spectrometer for absorption measurements using pulsed laser sources,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59, 2544–2551 (1988). [CrossRef]

[2] G. Rempe, R. J. Thompson, H. J. Kimble, and R. Lalezari, “Measurement of ultralow losses in an optical interferometer,” Opt. Lett. 17, 363–365 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] E. R. Crosson, P. Haar, G. A. Marcus, H. A. Schwettman, B. A. Paldus, T. G. Spence, and R. N. Zare, “Pulse-stacked cavity ring-down spectroscopy,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 4–10 (1999). [CrossRef]

[4] T. Gherman and D. Romanini, “Modelocked cavity–enhanced absorption spectroscopy,” Opt. Express 10, 1033–1042 (2002). [PubMed]

[5] J. Morville, S. Kassi, M. Chenevier, and D. Romanini, “Fast, low-noise, mode-by-mode, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy by diode-laser self-locking,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 1027–1038 (2005). [CrossRef]

[6] K. Stelmaszczyk, M. Fechner, P. Rohwetter, M. Queißer, A. Czyzewski, T. Stacewicz, and L. Wöste, “Towards supercontinuum cavity ring-down spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B 94, 369–373 (2008). [CrossRef]

[7] G. Méjean, S. Kassi, and D. Romanini, “Measurement of reactive atmospheric species by ultraviolet cavity-enhanced spectroscopy with a mode-locked femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 33, 1231–1233 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] I. Ventrillard-Courtillot, T. Gonthiez, C. Clerici, and D. Romanini, “Multispecies breath analysis faster than a single respiratory cycle by optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14, 064026 (2009). [CrossRef]

[9] S. M. Ball, J. M. Langridge, and R. L. Jones, “Broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy using light emitting diodes,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 398, 68–74 (2004). [CrossRef]

[10] S. E. Fiedler, A. Hese, and A. A. Ruth, “Incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy of liquids,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 023107 (2005). [CrossRef]

[11] T. Wu, W. Zhao, W. Chen, W. Zhang, and X. Gao, “Incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy for in situ measurements of NO2 with a blue light emitting diode,” Appl. Phys. B 94, 85–94 (2008). [CrossRef]

[12] I. Ventrillard-Courtillot, E. Sciamma O’Brien, S. Kassi, G. Méjean, and D. Romanini, “Incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for simultaneous trace measurements of NO2 and NO3 with a LED source,” Appl. Phys. B 101, 661–669 (2010). [CrossRef]

[13] S. Ball and R. Jones, “Broadband Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy,” in Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy , G. Berden and R. Engeln, eds. (Wiley, 2010), pp. 57–88.

[14] G. Berden, R. Peeters, and G. Meijer, “Cavity ring-down spectroscopy: experimental schemes and applications,” Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 19, 565–607 (2000). [CrossRef]

[15] E. O. Potma, C. Evans, X. S. Xie, R. J. Jones, and J. Ye, “Picosecond-pulse amplification with an external passive optical cavity,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1835–1837 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] P. Zalicki and R. N. Zare, “Cavity ring-down spectroscopy for quantitative absorption measurements,” J. Chem. Phys. 102, 2708–2717 (1995). [CrossRef]

[17] P. S. Johnston and K. K. Lehmann, “Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy using a broadband prism cavity and a supercontinuum source,” Opt. Express 16, 15013–15023 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] J. M. Langridge, T. Laurila, R. S. Watt, R. L. Jones, C. F. Kaminski, and J. Hult, “Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy of multiple trace gas species using a supercontinuum radiation source,” Opt. Express 16, 10178–10188 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Actively coupled cavity ringdown spectroscopy with low-power broadband sources