ZnO-coated CuO nanowire arrays: fabrications, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic applications

doi:10.1364/OE.19.011271

ZnO-coated CuO nanowire arrays: fabrications, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic applications

Peng Wang, Xinhong Zhao, and Baojun Li »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 12, pp. 11271-11279 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.011271

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Abstract

We report a growth of p-CuO nanowire arrays with a simple thermal oxidation and a fabrication of nanowire-based heterojunctions by coating the p-CuO nanowire arrays in an n-ZnO layer through a thermal decomposition method. Their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance were investigated. Compared with the conductance in the dark, a 154% increase in photoconductance was obtained under a white light illumination of 100 mW/cm². The heterojunctions exhibit an obvious photocurrent increment of 0.264 mA under the illumination of 141 mW/cm². After annealing the heterojunctions at 100°C for 25 min, a larger open-circuit voltage of 0.37 V was obtained, the short-circuit current density increase to 0.63 mA/cm² from original 0.49 mA/cm². The overall power conversion efficiency is 0.1%.

OCIS Codes
(040.5350) Detectors : Photovoltaic
(160.6000) Materials : Semiconductor materials

ToC Category:
Solar Energy

History
Original Manuscript: March 31, 2011
Revised Manuscript: May 17, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: May 23, 2011
Published: May 25, 2011

Citation
Peng Wang, Xinhong Zhao, and Baojun Li, "ZnO-coated CuO nanowire arrays: fabrications, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic applications," Opt. Express 19, 11271-11279 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-12-11271

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References

S. H. Park, A. Roy, S. Beaupré, S. Cho, N. Coates, J. S. Moon, D. Moses, M. Leclerc, K. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, “Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100%,” Nat. Photonics 3(5), 297–302 (2009). [CrossRef]
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S. Ren, N. Zhao, S. C. Crawford, M. Tambe, V. Bulović, and S. Gradečak, “Heterojunction photovoltaics using GaAs nanowires and conjugated polymers,” Nano Lett. 11(2), 408–413 (2011). [CrossRef]
L. E. Greene, M. Law, B. D. Yuhas, and P. Yang, “ZnO-TiO2 core-shell nanorod/P3HT solar cells,” J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 18451–18456 (2007).
J. J. Cole, X. Wang, R. J. Knuesel, and H. O. Jacobs, “Integration of ZnO microcrystals with tailored dimensions forming light emitting diodes and UV photovoltaic cells,” Nano Lett. 8(5), 1477–1481 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Wei, X.-Y. Bao, C. Soci, Y. Ding, Z.-L. Wang, and D. Wang, “Direct heteroepitaxy of vertical InAs nanowires on Si substrates for broad band photovoltaics and photodetection,” Nano Lett. 9(8), 2926–2934 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Dayal, N. Kopidakis, D. C. Olson, D. S. Ginley, and G. Rumbles, “Photovoltaic devices with a low band gap polymer and CdSe nanostructures exceeding 3% efficiency,” Nano Lett. 10(1), 239–242 (2010). [CrossRef]
Z. Fan, D. J. Ruebusch, A. A. Rathore, R. Kapadia, O. Ergen, P. W. Leu, and A. Javey, “Challenges and prospects of nanopillar-based solar cells,” Nano Res. 2(11), 829–843 (2009). [CrossRef]
K. P. Musselman, A. Wisnet, D. C. Iza, H. C. Hesse, C. Scheu, J. L. MacManus-Driscoll, and L. Schmidt-Mende, “Strong efficiency improvements in ultra-low-cost inorganic nanowire solar cells,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 22(35), E254–E258 (2010). [CrossRef]
B. D. Yuhas and P. Yang, “Nanowire-based all-oxide solar cells,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(10), 3756–3761 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Yan, X. Fang, L. Zhang, Y. Bando, U. K. Gautam, B. Dierre, T. Sekiguchi, and D. Golberg, “Structure and cathodoluminescence of individual ZnS/ZnO biaxial nanobelt heterostructures,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 2794–2799 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Wu, Q. Zhang, and M. Tao, “LSDA+U study of cupric oxide: electronic structure and native point defects,” Phys. Rev. B 73(23), 235206 (2006). [CrossRef]
K. Tonooka, H. Bando, and Y. Aiura, “Photovoltaic effect observed in transparent p–n heterojunctions based on oxide semiconductors,” Thin Solid Films 445(2), 327–331 (2003). [CrossRef]
S. Anandan, X. Wen, and S. Yang, “Room temperature growth of CuO nanorod arrays on copper and their application as a cathode in dye-sensitized solar cells,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 93(1), 35–40 (2005). [CrossRef]
Q. Bao, C. M. Li, L. Liao, H. Yang, W. Wang, C. Ke, Q. Song, H. Bao, T. Yu, K. P. Loh, and J. Guo, “Electrical transport and photovoltaic effects of core-shell CuO/C60 nanowire heterostructure,” Nanotechnology 20(6), 065203 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
X. H. Zhao, P. Wang, and B. J. Li, “CuO/ZnO core/shell heterostructure nanowire arrays: synthesis, optical property, and energy application,” Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 46(36), 6768–6770 (2010). [CrossRef]
H. Kind, H. Yan, B. Messer, M. Law, and P. Yang, “Nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors and optical switches,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 14(2), 158–160 (2002). [CrossRef]
Z. Guo, D. Zhao, Y. Liu, D. Shen, J. Zhang, and B. Li, “Visible and ultraviolet light alternative photodetector based on ZnO nanowire/n-Si heterojunction,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163501 (2008). [CrossRef]
L. Liao, Z. Zhang, B. Yan, Z. Zheng, Q. L. Bao, T. Wu, C. M. Li, Z. X. Shen, J. X. Zhang, H. Gong, J. C. Li, and T. Yu, “Multifunctional CuO nanowire devices: p-type field effect transistors and CO gas sensors,” Nanotechnology 20(8), 085203 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. A. Czaban, D. A. Thompson, and R. R. LaPierre, “GaAs core-shell nanowires for photovoltaic applications,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 148–154 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J.-W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Ager, J. W.
Aiura, Y.
Anandan, S.
Bando, H.
Bando, Y.
Bao, H.
Bao, Q.
Bao, Q. L.
Bao, X.-Y.
Beaupré, S.
Bulovic, V.
Cho, S.
Chueh, Y.-L.
Coates, N.
Cole, J. J.
Crawford, S. C.
Czaban, J. A.
Dayal, S.
Dierre, B.
Ding, Y.
Do, J.-W.
Ergen, O.
Fan, Z.
Fang, X.
Gautam, U. K.
Ginley, D. S.
Golberg, D.
Gong, H.
Gradecak, S.
Greene, L. E.
Guo, J.
Guo, Z.
Gutmann, J. S.
Haberkorn, N.
Heeger, A. J.
Hesse, H. C.
Ho, J. C.
Iza, D. C.
Jacobs, H. O.
Javey, A.
Kapadia, R.
Ke, C.
Kind, H.
Knuesel, R. J.
Kopidakis, N.
LaPierre, R. R.
Law, M.
Leclerc, M.
Lee, K.
Leu, P. W.
Li, B.
Li, B. J.
Li, C. M.
Li, J. C.
Liao, L.
Liu, Y.
Loh, K. P.
MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.
Messer, B.
Moon, J. S.
Moriwaki, A.
Moses, D.
Musselman, K. P.
Neale, S.
Olson, D. C.
Park, S. H.
Rathore, A. A.
Razavi, H.
Reichertz, L. A.
Ren, S.
Roy, A.
Ruebusch, D. J.
Rumbles, G.
Scheu, C.
Schmidt-Mende, L.
Sekiguchi, T.
Shen, D.
Shen, Z. X.
Soci, C.
Song, Q.
Takahashi, T.
Tambe, M.
Tao, M.
Theato, P.
Thompson, D. A.
Tonooka, K.
Wang, D.
Wang, P.
Wang, W.
Wang, X.
Wang, Z.-L.
Wei, W.
Wen, X.
Wisnet, A.
Wu, D.
Wu, M.
Wu, T.
Yan, B.
Yan, H.
Yan, J.
Yang, H.
Yang, P.
Yang, S.
Yu, K.
Yu, T.
Yuhas, B. D.
Zhang, J.
Zhang, J. X.
Zhang, L.
Zhang, Q.
Zhang, Z.
Zhao, D.
Zhao, N.
Zhao, X. H.
Zheng, Z.

ACS Nano

N. Haberkorn, J. S. Gutmann, and P. Theato, “Template-assisted fabrication of free-standing nanorod arrays of a hole-conducting cross-linked triphenylamine derivative: toward ordered bulk-heterojunction solar cells,” ACS Nano 3(6), 1415–1422 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)

H. Kind, H. Yan, B. Messer, M. Law, and P. Yang, “Nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors and optical switches,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 14(2), 158–160 (2002). [CrossRef]
K. P. Musselman, A. Wisnet, D. C. Iza, H. C. Hesse, C. Scheu, J. L. MacManus-Driscoll, and L. Schmidt-Mende, “Strong efficiency improvements in ultra-low-cost inorganic nanowire solar cells,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 22(35), E254–E258 (2010). [CrossRef]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

Z. Guo, D. Zhao, Y. Liu, D. Shen, J. Zhang, and B. Li, “Visible and ultraviolet light alternative photodetector based on ZnO nanowire/n-Si heterojunction,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(16), 163501 (2008). [CrossRef]

Chem. Commun. (Camb.)

X. H. Zhao, P. Wang, and B. J. Li, “CuO/ZnO core/shell heterostructure nanowire arrays: synthesis, optical property, and energy application,” Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 46(36), 6768–6770 (2010). [CrossRef]

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

B. D. Yuhas and P. Yang, “Nanowire-based all-oxide solar cells,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(10), 3756–3761 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Phys. Chem. B

L. E. Greene, M. Law, B. D. Yuhas, and P. Yang, “ZnO-TiO2 core-shell nanorod/P3HT solar cells,” J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 18451–18456 (2007).

Mater. Chem. Phys.

S. Anandan, X. Wen, and S. Yang, “Room temperature growth of CuO nanorod arrays on copper and their application as a cathode in dye-sensitized solar cells,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 93(1), 35–40 (2005). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

S. Ren, N. Zhao, S. C. Crawford, M. Tambe, V. Bulović, and S. Gradečak, “Heterojunction photovoltaics using GaAs nanowires and conjugated polymers,” Nano Lett. 11(2), 408–413 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. J. Cole, X. Wang, R. J. Knuesel, and H. O. Jacobs, “Integration of ZnO microcrystals with tailored dimensions forming light emitting diodes and UV photovoltaic cells,” Nano Lett. 8(5), 1477–1481 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Wei, X.-Y. Bao, C. Soci, Y. Ding, Z.-L. Wang, and D. Wang, “Direct heteroepitaxy of vertical InAs nanowires on Si substrates for broad band photovoltaics and photodetection,” Nano Lett. 9(8), 2926–2934 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Dayal, N. Kopidakis, D. C. Olson, D. S. Ginley, and G. Rumbles, “Photovoltaic devices with a low band gap polymer and CdSe nanostructures exceeding 3% efficiency,” Nano Lett. 10(1), 239–242 (2010). [CrossRef]
J. Yan, X. Fang, L. Zhang, Y. Bando, U. K. Gautam, B. Dierre, T. Sekiguchi, and D. Golberg, “Structure and cathodoluminescence of individual ZnS/ZnO biaxial nanobelt heterostructures,” Nano Lett. 8(9), 2794–2799 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. A. Czaban, D. A. Thompson, and R. R. LaPierre, “GaAs core-shell nanowires for photovoltaic applications,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 148–154 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nano Res.

Z. Fan, D. J. Ruebusch, A. A. Rathore, R. Kapadia, O. Ergen, P. W. Leu, and A. Javey, “Challenges and prospects of nanopillar-based solar cells,” Nano Res. 2(11), 829–843 (2009). [CrossRef]

Nanotechnology

Q. Bao, C. M. Li, L. Liao, H. Yang, W. Wang, C. Ke, Q. Song, H. Bao, T. Yu, K. P. Loh, and J. Guo, “Electrical transport and photovoltaic effects of core-shell CuO/C60 nanowire heterostructure,” Nanotechnology 20(6), 065203 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
L. Liao, Z. Zhang, B. Yan, Z. Zheng, Q. L. Bao, T. Wu, C. M. Li, Z. X. Shen, J. X. Zhang, H. Gong, J. C. Li, and T. Yu, “Multifunctional CuO nanowire devices: p-type field effect transistors and CO gas sensors,” Nanotechnology 20(8), 085203 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Mater.

Z. Fan, H. Razavi, J.-W. Do, A. Moriwaki, O. Ergen, Y.-L. Chueh, P. W. Leu, J. C. Ho, T. Takahashi, L. A. Reichertz, S. Neale, K. Yu, M. Wu, J. W. Ager, and A. Javey, “Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates,” Nat. Mater. 8(8), 648–653 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics

S. H. Park, A. Roy, S. Beaupré, S. Cho, N. Coates, J. S. Moon, D. Moses, M. Leclerc, K. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, “Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100%,” Nat. Photonics 3(5), 297–302 (2009). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

D. Wu, Q. Zhang, and M. Tao, “LSDA+U study of cupric oxide: electronic structure and native point defects,” Phys. Rev. B 73(23), 235206 (2006). [CrossRef]

Thin Solid Films

K. Tonooka, H. Bando, and Y. Aiura, “Photovoltaic effect observed in transparent p–n heterojunctions based on oxide semiconductors,” Thin Solid Films 445(2), 327–331 (2003). [CrossRef]

2011, Ren, Nano Lett.
2010, Dayal, Nano Lett.
2010, Musselman, Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
2010, Zhao, Chem. Commun. (Camb.)
2009, Bao, Nanotechnology
2009, Yuhas, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2009, Fan, Nano Res.
2009, Wei, Nano Lett.
2009, Park, Nat. Photonics
2009, Haberkorn, ACS Nano
2009, Liao, Nanotechnology
2009, Czaban, Nano Lett.
2009, Fan, Nat. Mater.
2008, Guo, Appl. Phys. Lett.
2008, Cole, Nano Lett.
2008, Yan, Nano Lett.
2007, Greene, J. Phys. Chem. B
2006, Wu, Phys. Rev. B
2005, Anandan, Mater. Chem. Phys.
2003, Tonooka, Thin Solid Films
2002, Kind, Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)

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