Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 19 > Issue 12 > Page 11890
|
|
Electrically tunable liquid crystal waveguide attenuatorsDong-Po Cai, Shan-Chi Nien, Hua-Kung Chiu, Chii-Chang Chen, and Chien-Chieh Lee »View Author Affiliations
Dong-Po Cai,1
Shan-Chi Nien,1
Hua-Kung Chiu,1
Chii-Chang Chen,1,*
and Chien-Chieh Lee2
1Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan 2Optical Sciences Center, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan *Corresponding author: trich@dop.ncu.edu.tw |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 12, pp. 11890-11896 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.011890
View Full Text Article
Enhanced HTML
Acrobat PDF (948 KB)
Abstract
The attenuator for the wavelength at 1550 nm is fabricated by using the capillary effect to infiltrate liquid crystal (LC) E7 into hollow waveguides (HWGs) on silicon substrate with SiO2 cladding layer. The length of the waveguide is 0.4 cm. The device can be operated with relatively low driving voltage below 5 Vpp with the distance between two electrodes to be 9 μm. The light attenuation of the device can be over 30 dB. The performance of the device is independent of the polarization states of the input light.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(230.2090) Optical devices : Electro-optical devices
(230.3720) Optical devices : Liquid-crystal devices
(230.7370) Optical devices : Waveguides
ToC Category:
Optical Devices
History
Original Manuscript: February 18, 2011
Revised Manuscript: April 9, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: April 26, 2011
Published: June 3, 2011
Citation
Dong-Po Cai, Shan-Chi Nien, Hua-Kung Chiu, Chii-Chang Chen, and Chien-Chieh Lee, "Electrically tunable liquid crystal waveguide attenuators," Opt. Express 19, 11890-11896 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-12-11890
Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset
References
- H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “Optofluidic waveguides: I. Concepts and implementations,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 3–16 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Hawkins and H. Schmidt, “Optofluidic waveguides: II. fabrication and structures,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 17–32 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. D’Alessandro, B. D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli, and R. Asquini, “Nematic liquid crystal optical channel waveguides on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1084–1090 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- W. Risk, H. Kim, R. Miller, H. Temkin, and S. Gangopadhyay, “Optical waveguides with an aqueous core and a low-index nanoporous cladding,” Opt. Express 12(26), 6446–6455 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Shellan, P. Agmon, P. Yeh, and A. Yariv, “Statistical analysis of Bragg reflectors,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68(1), 18 (1978). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Duguay, Y. Kokubun, T. L. Koch, and L. Pfeiffer, “Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2-Si multilayer structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(1), 13 (1986). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- H. Schmidt, D. Yin, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gas and liquids,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(2), 519–527 (2005). [CrossRef]
- R. Bernini, G. Testa, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “ntegrated optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011106 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, and J. Broeng, “Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres,” Opt. Express 11(20), 2589–2596 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Du, Y. Q. Lu, and S. T. Wu, “Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2181 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Sugimura and D. Ishino, “Nematic director deformation induced by a periodic surface anchoring strength,” Thin Solid Films 438–439, 433–439 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Brugioni and R. Meucci, “Refractive indices of the nematic mixture E7 at 1550nm,” Infrared Phys. Technol. 49(3), 210–212 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H.-Y. Pan, H.-K. Chiu, and C.-C. Chen, “Liquid crystal infiltrated waveguide with distributed Bragg reflectors,” (unpublished data).
- S. C. Jeng, S. J. Hwang, and C. Y. Yang, “Tunable pretilt angles based on nanoparticles-doped planar liquid-crystal cells,” Opt. Lett. 34(4), 455–457 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. D’Alessandro, B. D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli, and R. Asquini, “Nematic liquid crystal optical channel waveguides on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1084–1090 (2006). [CrossRef]
- H. Schmidt, D. Yin, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gas and liquids,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(2), 519–527 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. D’Alessandro, B. D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli, and R. Asquini, “Nematic liquid crystal optical channel waveguides on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1084–1090 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. Bernini, G. Testa, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “ntegrated optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011106 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, and J. Broeng, “Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres,” Opt. Express 11(20), 2589–2596 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Brugioni and R. Meucci, “Refractive indices of the nematic mixture E7 at 1550nm,” Infrared Phys. Technol. 49(3), 210–212 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. D’Alessandro, B. D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli, and R. Asquini, “Nematic liquid crystal optical channel waveguides on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1084–1090 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. D’Alessandro, B. D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli, and R. Asquini, “Nematic liquid crystal optical channel waveguides on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1084–1090 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- F. Du, Y. Q. Lu, and S. T. Wu, “Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2181 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Duguay, Y. Kokubun, T. L. Koch, and L. Pfeiffer, “Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2-Si multilayer structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(1), 13 (1986). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Risk, H. Kim, R. Miller, H. Temkin, and S. Gangopadhyay, “Optical waveguides with an aqueous core and a low-index nanoporous cladding,” Opt. Express 12(26), 6446–6455 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “Optofluidic waveguides: I. Concepts and implementations,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 3–16 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Hawkins and H. Schmidt, “Optofluidic waveguides: II. fabrication and structures,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 17–32 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Schmidt, D. Yin, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gas and liquids,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(2), 519–527 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Sugimura and D. Ishino, “Nematic director deformation induced by a periodic surface anchoring strength,” Thin Solid Films 438–439, 433–439 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Duguay, Y. Kokubun, T. L. Koch, and L. Pfeiffer, “Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2-Si multilayer structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(1), 13 (1986). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Duguay, Y. Kokubun, T. L. Koch, and L. Pfeiffer, “Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2-Si multilayer structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(1), 13 (1986). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
- F. Du, Y. Q. Lu, and S. T. Wu, “Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2181 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Brugioni and R. Meucci, “Refractive indices of the nematic mixture E7 at 1550nm,” Infrared Phys. Technol. 49(3), 210–212 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Duguay, Y. Kokubun, T. L. Koch, and L. Pfeiffer, “Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2-Si multilayer structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(1), 13 (1986). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Bernini, G. Testa, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “ntegrated optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011106 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Hawkins and H. Schmidt, “Optofluidic waveguides: II. fabrication and structures,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 17–32 (2008). [CrossRef]
- H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “Optofluidic waveguides: I. Concepts and implementations,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 3–16 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Schmidt, D. Yin, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gas and liquids,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(2), 519–527 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Sugimura and D. Ishino, “Nematic director deformation induced by a periodic surface anchoring strength,” Thin Solid Films 438–439, 433–439 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- W. Risk, H. Kim, R. Miller, H. Temkin, and S. Gangopadhyay, “Optical waveguides with an aqueous core and a low-index nanoporous cladding,” Opt. Express 12(26), 6446–6455 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- R. Bernini, G. Testa, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “ntegrated optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011106 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- F. Du, Y. Q. Lu, and S. T. Wu, “Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2181 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
- H. Schmidt, D. Yin, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gas and liquids,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(2), 519–527 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Bernini, G. Testa, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “ntegrated optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011106 (2008). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. A. Duguay, Y. Kokubun, T. L. Koch, and L. Pfeiffer, “Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2-Si multilayer structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(1), 13 (1986). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. Bernini, G. Testa, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “ntegrated optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011106 (2008). [CrossRef]
- F. Du, Y. Q. Lu, and S. T. Wu, “Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2181 (2004). [CrossRef]
Eur. Polym. J.
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- A. D’Alessandro, B. D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli, and R. Asquini, “Nematic liquid crystal optical channel waveguides on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1084–1090 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- H. Schmidt, D. Yin, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gas and liquids,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(2), 519–527 (2005). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
IEEE Sens. J.
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
Infrared Phys. Technol.
- S. Brugioni and R. Meucci, “Refractive indices of the nematic mixture E7 at 1550nm,” Infrared Phys. Technol. 49(3), 210–212 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am.
- J. B. Shellan, P. Agmon, P. Yeh, and A. Yariv, “Statistical analysis of Bragg reflectors,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68(1), 18 (1978). [CrossRef]
Meas. Sci. Technol.
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
Microfluid. Nanofluid.
- H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “Optofluidic waveguides: I. Concepts and implementations,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 3–16 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Hawkins and H. Schmidt, “Optofluidic waveguides: II. fabrication and structures,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 17–32 (2008). [CrossRef]
Opt. Eng.
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- W. Risk, H. Kim, R. Miller, H. Temkin, and S. Gangopadhyay, “Optical waveguides with an aqueous core and a low-index nanoporous cladding,” Opt. Express 12(26), 6446–6455 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, and J. Broeng, “Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres,” Opt. Express 11(20), 2589–2596 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. C. Jeng, S. J. Hwang, and C. Y. Yang, “Tunable pretilt angles based on nanoparticles-doped planar liquid-crystal cells,” Opt. Lett. 34(4), 455–457 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Sens. Actuators B Chem.
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
Thin Solid Films
- A. Sugimura and D. Ishino, “Nematic director deformation induced by a periodic surface anchoring strength,” Thin Solid Films 438–439, 433–439 (2003). [CrossRef]
Other
- H.-Y. Pan, H.-K. Chiu, and C.-C. Chen, “Liquid crystal infiltrated waveguide with distributed Bragg reflectors,” (unpublished data).
2010, Donisi, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- D. Donisi, B. Bellini, R. Beccherelli, R. Asquini, G. Gilardi, M. Trotta, and A. d’Alessandro, “Switchable liquid-crystal optical channel waveguide on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(5), 762–768 (2010). [CrossRef]
- V. J. Cadarso, A. Llobera, C. Fernandez-Sanchez, M. Darder, and C. Dominguez, “Hollow waveguide-based full-field absorbance biosensor,” Sens. Actuators B Chem. 139(1), 143–149 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. Schmidt and A. R. Hawkins, “Optofluidic waveguides: I. Concepts and implementations,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 3–16 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Hawkins and H. Schmidt, “Optofluidic waveguides: II. fabrication and structures,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 4(1-2), 17–32 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. Bernini, G. Testa, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “ntegrated optofluidic Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 011106 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Woliński, S. Ertman, A. Czapla, P. Lesiak, K. Nowecka, A. W. Domanski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dabrowski, and J. Wojcik, “Polarization effects in photonic liquid crystal fibers,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 18(10), 3061–3069 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Brugioni and R. Meucci, “Refractive indices of the nematic mixture E7 at 1550nm,” Infrared Phys. Technol. 49(3), 210–212 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. He, B. Yan, X. Wang, B. Yu, and Y. Wang, “A novel polymer dispersed liquid crystal film prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization,” Eur. Polym. J. 43(9), 4037–4042 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zalevsky, F. Luan, W. J. Wadsworth, S. L. Saval, and T. A. Birks, “Liquid-crystal-based in-fiber tunable spectral structures,” Opt. Eng. 45(3), 035005 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domanski, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, and J. Wojcik, “Influence of temperature and electrical field on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(5), 985–991 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. D’Alessandro, B. D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli, and R. Asquini, “Nematic liquid crystal optical channel waveguides on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1084–1090 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. W. Haakestad, T. T. Alkeskjold, M. D. Nielsen, L. Scolari, J. Riishede, H. E. Engan, and A. Bjarklev, “Electrically tunable photonic bandgap guidance in a liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 17(4), 819–821 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. Schmidt, D. Yin, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gas and liquids,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(2), 519–527 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Yin, D. W. Deamer, H. Schmidt, J. P. Barber, and A. R. Hawkins, “Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(16), 3477 (2004). [CrossRef]
- F. Du, Y. Q. Lu, and S. T. Wu, “Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(12), 2181 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. B. Jensen, L. H. Pedersen, P. E. Hoiby, L. B. Nielsen, T. P. Hansen, J. R. Folkenberg, J. Riishede, D. Noordegraaf, K. Nielsen, A. Carlsen, and A. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions,” Opt. Lett. 29(17), 1974–1976 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. B. Wolfe, R. S. Conroy, P. Garstecki, B. T. Mayers, M. A. Fischbach, K. E. Paul, M. Prentiss, and G. M. Whitesides, “Dynamic control of liquid-core/liquid-cladding optical waveguides,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101(34), 12434–12438 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Datta, I. Y. Eom, A. Dhar, P. Kuban, R. Manor, I. Ahmad, S. Gangopadhyay, T. Dallas, M. Holtz, H. Temkin, and P. K. Dasgupta, “Microfabrication and characterization of teflon AF-coated liquid core waveguide channels in silicon,” IEEE Sens. J. 3(6), 788–795 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Sugimura and D. Ishino, “Nematic director deformation induced by a periodic surface anchoring strength,” Thin Solid Films 438–439, 433–439 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Duguay, Y. Kokubun, T. L. Koch, and L. Pfeiffer, “Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2-Si multilayer structures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(1), 13 (1986). [CrossRef]
Cited By |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
Related Journal Articles 
- Spatial Light Modulators for High-Brightness Projection Displays (AO)
- Liquid-Crystal Luminaire Consisting of an Optical Shutter and a Metal Halide Lamp (AO)
- Viewing Angle of Liquid-Crystal Displays: Representation on the Poincaré Sphere (AO)
- Nontwist quarter-wave liquid-crystal cell for a high-contrast reflective display (OL)
- Liquid crystal infiltrated waveguide with distributed Bragg reflectors (OME)
Related Conference Papers 
- A Wavelength Switching Operation of a Si-Waveguide Asymmetric Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Having a Ferro-Electric Liquid Crystal Cladding
- 15ns, High-Speed Wavelength Tuning over 16 nm Using Electrically Controllable PLZT Arrayed-Waveguide Grating
- 15ns, High-Speed Wavelength Tuning over 16 nm Using Electrically Controllable PLZT Arrayed-Waveguide Grating
- A Full-Vectorial Finite-Difference Eigenmode Solver for Anisotropic Optical Waveguides with Arbitrary Permittivity Tensor
- Suspended core polyethylene fiber for bio-sensing applications in the terahertz region
- Suspended core polyethylene fiber for bio-sensing applications in the terahertz region
- Firefox 11+
- Google Chrome 17+
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Safari 5+




OSA is a member of 