Optics InfoBase > Optics Express > Volume 19 > Issue 13 > Page 12408
|
|
Second harmonic generation in AlGaAs photonic wires using low power continuous wave lightD. Duchesne, K. A. Rutkowska, M. Volatier, F. Légaré, S. Delprat, M. Chaker, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, M. Sorel, D. N. Christodoulides, G. Salamo, R. Arès, V. Aimez, and R. Morandotti »View Author Affiliations
D. Duchesne,1,*
K. A. Rutkowska,1,2
M. Volatier,7
F. Légaré,1
S. Delprat,1
M. Chaker,1
D. Modotto,3
A. Locatelli,3
C. De Angelis,3
M. Sorel,4
D. N. Christodoulides,5
G. Salamo,6
R. Arès,7
V. Aimez,7
and R. Morandotti1
1INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada 2Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, PL-00662, Poland 3Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy 4Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland 5College of Optics & Photonics-CREOL & FPCE, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA 6Dept. of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA 7Centre de Recherche en Nanofabrication et en Nanocaractérisation (CRN), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada *Corresponding author: david.duchesne@emt.inrs.ca |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 13, pp. 12408-12417 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.012408
View Full Text Article
Enhanced HTML
Acrobat PDF (1179 KB)
Abstract
We report modal phase matched (MPM) second harmonic generation (SHG) in high-index contrast AlGaAs sub-micron ridge waveguides, by way of sub-mW continuous wave powers at telecommunication wavelengths. We achieve an experimental normalized conversion efficiency of ~14%/W/cm2, obtained through a careful sub-wavelength design supporting both the phase matching requirement and a significant overlap efficiency. Furthermore, the weak anomalous dispersion, robust fabrication technology and possible geometrical and thermal tuning of the device functionality enable a fully integrated multi-functional chip for several critical areas in telecommunications, including wavelength (time) division multiplexing and quantum entanglement.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(160.6000) Materials : Semiconductor materials
(190.2620) Nonlinear optics : Harmonic generation and mixing
(230.7370) Optical devices : Waveguides
(130.7405) Integrated optics : Wavelength conversion devices
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: May 3, 2011
Revised Manuscript: June 4, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: June 7, 2011
Published: June 10, 2011
Citation
D. Duchesne, K. A. Rutkowska, M. Volatier, F. Légaré, S. Delprat, M. Chaker, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, M. Sorel, D. N. Christodoulides, G. Salamo, R. Arès, V. Aimez, and R. Morandotti, "Second harmonic generation in AlGaAs photonic wires using low power continuous wave light," Opt. Express 19, 12408-12417 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-13-12408
Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset
References
- M. M. Fejer, “Nonlinear optical frequency conversion,” Phys. Today 47(5), 25–32 (1994). [CrossRef]
- A. Arie, K. Fradkin-Kashi, and Y. Shreberk, “Frequency conversion in novel materials and its application to high resolution gas sensing,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 37(2-3), 159–170 (2002). [CrossRef]
- W. Petrich, “Mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy for medical diagnostics,” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 36(2&3), 181–237 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. F. Curl and F. K. Tittel, “Tunable infrared laser spectroscopy,” Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. C 98, 217–270 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- C. Langrock, S. Kumar, J. E. McGeehan, A. E. Willner, and M. M. Fejer, “All-optical signal processing using χ(2) nonlinearities in guided wave devices,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24(7), 2579–2592 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Zheltikov, “Limiting efficiencies of second-harmonic generation and cascaded χ(2) processes in quadratically nonlinear photonic nanowires,” Opt. Commun. 270(2), 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics Third Edition, (Academic Press, New York 2008).
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
- T. C. Kowalczyk, K. D. Singer, and P. A. Cahill, “Anomalous-dispersion phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a polymer waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 20(22), 2273–2275 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002). [CrossRef]
- W. Sohler and H. Suche, “Second-harmonic generation in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides with 25% conversion efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(6), 518–520 (1978). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Anderson and J. T. Boyd, “Wideband CO2 laser second harmonic generation phase matched in GaAs thin-film waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 19(8), 266–268 (1971). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. V. Rao, K. Moutzouris, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, “Nonlinear frequency conversion in semiconductor optical waveguides using birefringent, modal and quasi-phase-matching techniques,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6(6), 569–584 (2004). [CrossRef]
- Y. Ishigame, T. Suhara, and H. Nishihara, “LiNbO(3) waveguide second-harmonic-generation device phase matched with a fan-out domain-inverted grating,” Opt. Lett. 16(6), 375–377 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yu, L. Scaccabarozzi, and J. S. Harris JrP. S. Kuo and M. M. Fejer, “Efficient continuous wave second harmonic generation pumped at 1.55 μm in quasi-phasematched AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Express 13, 10742–10748 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- L. Scaccabarozzi, M. M. Fejer, Y. Huo, S. Fan, X. Yu, and J. S. Harris, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlxOy tightly confining waveguides and resonant cavities,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3626–3628 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, “Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(11), 2631–2654 (1992). [CrossRef]
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. Yang, P. Chak, A. D. Bristow, H. M. van Driel, R. Iyer, J. S. Aitchison, A. L. Smirl, and J. E. Sipe, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs microring resonators,” Opt. Lett. 32(7), 826–828 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Dong, J. Upham, A. Jugessur, and A. G. Kirk, “Observation of continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in semiconductor waveguide directional couplers,” Opt. Express 14(6), 2256–2262 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, G. Siviloglou, R. El-Ganainy, G. Stegeman, D. Christodoulides, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, and M. Sorel, “Nonlinear photonics in AlGaAs photonics nanowires: self phase and cross phase modulation,” in International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, 475–478 (2007).
- J. Meier, W. S. Mohammed, A. Jugessur, L. Qian, M. Mojahedi, and J. S. Aitchison, “Group velocity inversion in AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 15(20), 12755–12762 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ishikawa and T. Kondo, “Birefringent phase matching in thin rectangular high-index-contrast waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Express 2, 042202 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, and M. A. Koza, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer-bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(25), 3410–3412 (1995). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Zollner, “Optical constants and critical-point parameters of GaAs from 0.73 to 6.60 eV,” J. Appl. Phys. 90(1), 515–517 (2001). [CrossRef]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Jaouad and V. Aimez, “Passivation of air-exposed AlGaAs using low frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(9), 092125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jaouad and V. Aimez, “Passivation of air-exposed AlGaAs using low frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(9), 092125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. Meier, W. S. Mohammed, A. Jugessur, L. Qian, M. Mojahedi, and J. S. Aitchison, “Group velocity inversion in AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 15(20), 12755–12762 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Yang, P. Chak, A. D. Bristow, H. M. van Driel, R. Iyer, J. S. Aitchison, A. L. Smirl, and J. E. Sipe, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs microring resonators,” Opt. Lett. 32(7), 826–828 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. B. Anderson and J. T. Boyd, “Wideband CO2 laser second harmonic generation phase matched in GaAs thin-film waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 19(8), 266–268 (1971). [CrossRef]
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Arie, K. Fradkin-Kashi, and Y. Shreberk, “Frequency conversion in novel materials and its application to high resolution gas sensing,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 37(2-3), 159–170 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, and M. A. Koza, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer-bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(25), 3410–3412 (1995). [CrossRef]
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Anderson and J. T. Boyd, “Wideband CO2 laser second harmonic generation phase matched in GaAs thin-film waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 19(8), 266–268 (1971). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, “Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(11), 2631–2654 (1992). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, and M. A. Koza, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer-bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(25), 3410–3412 (1995). [CrossRef]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. F. Curl and F. K. Tittel, “Tunable infrared laser spectroscopy,” Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. C 98, 217–270 (2002). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. V. Rao, K. Moutzouris, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, “Nonlinear frequency conversion in semiconductor optical waveguides using birefringent, modal and quasi-phase-matching techniques,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6(6), 569–584 (2004). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Scaccabarozzi, M. M. Fejer, Y. Huo, S. Fan, X. Yu, and J. S. Harris, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlxOy tightly confining waveguides and resonant cavities,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3626–3628 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Langrock, S. Kumar, J. E. McGeehan, A. E. Willner, and M. M. Fejer, “All-optical signal processing using χ(2) nonlinearities in guided wave devices,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24(7), 2579–2592 (2006). [CrossRef]
- X. Yu, L. Scaccabarozzi, and J. S. Harris JrP. S. Kuo and M. M. Fejer, “Efficient continuous wave second harmonic generation pumped at 1.55 μm in quasi-phasematched AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Express 13, 10742–10748 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Fejer, “Nonlinear optical frequency conversion,” Phys. Today 47(5), 25–32 (1994). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, “Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(11), 2631–2654 (1992). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- A. Arie, K. Fradkin-Kashi, and Y. Shreberk, “Frequency conversion in novel materials and its application to high resolution gas sensing,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 37(2-3), 159–170 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Scaccabarozzi, M. M. Fejer, Y. Huo, S. Fan, X. Yu, and J. S. Harris, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlxOy tightly confining waveguides and resonant cavities,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3626–3628 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yu, L. Scaccabarozzi, and J. S. Harris JrP. S. Kuo and M. M. Fejer, “Efficient continuous wave second harmonic generation pumped at 1.55 μm in quasi-phasematched AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Express 13, 10742–10748 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- H. Ishikawa and T. Kondo, “Birefringent phase matching in thin rectangular high-index-contrast waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Express 2, 042202 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Jaouad and V. Aimez, “Passivation of air-exposed AlGaAs using low frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(9), 092125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. Meier, W. S. Mohammed, A. Jugessur, L. Qian, M. Mojahedi, and J. S. Aitchison, “Group velocity inversion in AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 15(20), 12755–12762 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Dong, J. Upham, A. Jugessur, and A. G. Kirk, “Observation of continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in semiconductor waveguide directional couplers,” Opt. Express 14(6), 2256–2262 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, “Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(11), 2631–2654 (1992). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- H. Ishikawa and T. Kondo, “Birefringent phase matching in thin rectangular high-index-contrast waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Express 2, 042202 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, and M. A. Koza, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer-bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(25), 3410–3412 (1995). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, “Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(11), 2631–2654 (1992). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. V. Rao, K. Moutzouris, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, “Nonlinear frequency conversion in semiconductor optical waveguides using birefringent, modal and quasi-phase-matching techniques,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6(6), 569–584 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- W. Petrich, “Mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy for medical diagnostics,” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 36(2&3), 181–237 (2001). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. V. Rao, K. Moutzouris, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, “Nonlinear frequency conversion in semiconductor optical waveguides using birefringent, modal and quasi-phase-matching techniques,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6(6), 569–584 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- L. Scaccabarozzi, M. M. Fejer, Y. Huo, S. Fan, X. Yu, and J. S. Harris, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlxOy tightly confining waveguides and resonant cavities,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3626–3628 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yu, L. Scaccabarozzi, and J. S. Harris JrP. S. Kuo and M. M. Fejer, “Efficient continuous wave second harmonic generation pumped at 1.55 μm in quasi-phasematched AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Express 13, 10742–10748 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- A. Arie, K. Fradkin-Kashi, and Y. Shreberk, “Frequency conversion in novel materials and its application to high resolution gas sensing,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 37(2-3), 159–170 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Sohler and H. Suche, “Second-harmonic generation in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides with 25% conversion efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(6), 518–520 (1978). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Sohler and H. Suche, “Second-harmonic generation in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides with 25% conversion efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(6), 518–520 (1978). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- R. F. Curl and F. K. Tittel, “Tunable infrared laser spectroscopy,” Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. C 98, 217–270 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, and M. A. Koza, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer-bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(25), 3410–3412 (1995). [CrossRef]
- L. Scaccabarozzi, M. M. Fejer, Y. Huo, S. Fan, X. Yu, and J. S. Harris, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlxOy tightly confining waveguides and resonant cavities,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3626–3628 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yu, L. Scaccabarozzi, and J. S. Harris JrP. S. Kuo and M. M. Fejer, “Efficient continuous wave second harmonic generation pumped at 1.55 μm in quasi-phasematched AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Express 13, 10742–10748 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Zheltikov, “Limiting efficiencies of second-harmonic generation and cascaded χ(2) processes in quadratically nonlinear photonic nanowires,” Opt. Commun. 270(2), 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Zollner, “Optical constants and critical-point parameters of GaAs from 0.73 to 6.60 eV,” J. Appl. Phys. 90(1), 515–517 (2001). [CrossRef]
Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. C
- R. F. Curl and F. K. Tittel, “Tunable infrared laser spectroscopy,” Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. C 98, 217–270 (2002). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Express
- H. Ishikawa and T. Kondo, “Birefringent phase matching in thin rectangular high-index-contrast waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Express 2, 042202 (2009). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. J. B. Yoo, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, and M. A. Koza, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer-bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(25), 3410–3412 (1995). [CrossRef]
- A. Jaouad and V. Aimez, “Passivation of air-exposed AlGaAs using low frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(9), 092125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- W. Sohler and H. Suche, “Second-harmonic generation in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides with 25% conversion efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(6), 518–520 (1978). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Anderson and J. T. Boyd, “Wideband CO2 laser second harmonic generation phase matched in GaAs thin-film waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 19(8), 266–268 (1971). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.
- W. Petrich, “Mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy for medical diagnostics,” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 36(2&3), 181–237 (2001). [CrossRef]
Electron. Lett.
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, “Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(11), 2631–2654 (1992). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Zollner, “Optical constants and critical-point parameters of GaAs from 0.73 to 6.60 eV,” J. Appl. Phys. 90(1), 515–517 (2001). [CrossRef]
J. Lightwave Technol.
- C. Langrock, S. Kumar, J. E. McGeehan, A. E. Willner, and M. M. Fejer, “All-optical signal processing using χ(2) nonlinearities in guided wave devices,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24(7), 2579–2592 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt.
- S. V. Rao, K. Moutzouris, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, “Nonlinear frequency conversion in semiconductor optical waveguides using birefringent, modal and quasi-phase-matching techniques,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6(6), 569–584 (2004). [CrossRef]
Nanotechnology
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nature
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
Opt. Commun.
- A. M. Zheltikov, “Limiting efficiencies of second-harmonic generation and cascaded χ(2) processes in quadratically nonlinear photonic nanowires,” Opt. Commun. 270(2), 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef]
Opt. Eng.
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- J. Meier, W. S. Mohammed, A. Jugessur, L. Qian, M. Mojahedi, and J. S. Aitchison, “Group velocity inversion in AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 15(20), 12755–12762 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Dong, J. Upham, A. Jugessur, and A. G. Kirk, “Observation of continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in semiconductor waveguide directional couplers,” Opt. Express 14(6), 2256–2262 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yu, L. Scaccabarozzi, and J. S. Harris JrP. S. Kuo and M. M. Fejer, “Efficient continuous wave second harmonic generation pumped at 1.55 μm in quasi-phasematched AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Express 13, 10742–10748 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lasers Eng.
- A. Arie, K. Fradkin-Kashi, and Y. Shreberk, “Frequency conversion in novel materials and its application to high resolution gas sensing,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 37(2-3), 159–170 (2002). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
- T. C. Kowalczyk, K. D. Singer, and P. A. Cahill, “Anomalous-dispersion phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a polymer waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 20(22), 2273–2275 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. R. Parameswaran, R. K. Route, J. R. Kurz, R. V. Roussev, M. M. Fejer, and M. Fujimura, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in buried waveguides formed by annealed and reverse proton exchange in periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 27(3), 179–181 (2002). [CrossRef]
- L. Scaccabarozzi, M. M. Fejer, Y. Huo, S. Fan, X. Yu, and J. S. Harris, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs/AlxOy tightly confining waveguides and resonant cavities,” Opt. Lett. 31(24), 3626–3628 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Ishigame, T. Suhara, and H. Nishihara, “LiNbO(3) waveguide second-harmonic-generation device phase matched with a fan-out domain-inverted grating,” Opt. Lett. 16(6), 375–377 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Yang, P. Chak, A. D. Bristow, H. M. van Driel, R. Iyer, J. S. Aitchison, A. L. Smirl, and J. E. Sipe, “Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs microring resonators,” Opt. Lett. 32(7), 826–828 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Today
- M. M. Fejer, “Nonlinear optical frequency conversion,” Phys. Today 47(5), 25–32 (1994). [CrossRef]
Other
- R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics Third Edition, (Academic Press, New York 2008).
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, G. Siviloglou, R. El-Ganainy, G. Stegeman, D. Christodoulides, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, and M. Sorel, “Nonlinear photonics in AlGaAs photonics nanowires: self phase and cross phase modulation,” in International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, 475–478 (2007).
2010, Volatier, Nanotechnology
- M. Volatier, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, R. Arès, and V. Aimez, “Extremely high aspect ratio GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs nanowaveguides fabricated using chlorine ICP etching with N2-promoted passivation,” Nanotechnology 21(13), 134014 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ishikawa and T. Kondo, “Birefringent phase matching in thin rectangular high-index-contrast waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Express 2, 042202 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Abolghasem, J. Han, B. J. Bijlani, A. Arjmand, and A. S. Helmy, “Highly efficient second-harmonic generation in monolithic matching layer enhanced AlxGa1-xAs Bragg reflection waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(19), 1462–1464 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Zheltikov, “Limiting efficiencies of second-harmonic generation and cascaded χ(2) processes in quadratically nonlinear photonic nanowires,” Opt. Commun. 270(2), 402–406 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, P. Cheben, B. Lamontagne, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, and D. Christodoulides, “Group-index birefringence and loss measurements in silicon-on-insulator photonic wire waveguides,” Opt. Eng. 46(10), 104602 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Siviloglou, S. Suntsov, R. El-Ganainy, R. Iwanow, G. I. Stegeman, D. N. Christodoulides, R. Morandotti, D. Modotto, A. Locatelli, C. De Angelis, F. Pozzi, C. R. Stanley, and M. Sorel, “Enhanced third-order nonlinear effects in optical AlGaAs nanowires,” Opt. Express 14(20), 9377–9384 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Jaouad and V. Aimez, “Passivation of air-exposed AlGaAs using low frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(9), 092125 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Ducci, L. Lanco, V. Berger, A. De Rossi, V. Ortiz, and M. Calligaro, “Continuous-wave second-harmonic generation in modal phase matched semiconductor waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(16), 2974–2976 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. V. Rao, K. Moutzouris, and M. Ebrahimzadeh, “Nonlinear frequency conversion in semiconductor optical waveguides using birefringent, modal and quasi-phase-matching techniques,” J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 6(6), 569–584 (2004). [CrossRef]
- V. Van, T. A. Ibrahim, K. Ritter, P. P. Absil, F. G. Johnson, R. Grove, J. Goldhar, and P. T. Ho, “All-optical nonlinear switching in GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonators,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(1), 74–76 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Arie, K. Fradkin-Kashi, and Y. Shreberk, “Frequency conversion in novel materials and its application to high resolution gas sensing,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 37(2-3), 159–170 (2002). [CrossRef]
- R. F. Curl and F. K. Tittel, “Tunable infrared laser spectroscopy,” Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. C 98, 217–270 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Zollner, “Optical constants and critical-point parameters of GaAs from 0.73 to 6.60 eV,” J. Appl. Phys. 90(1), 515–517 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. Tanzilli, H. De Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. B. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, “Highly efficient photon-pair source using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 37(1), 26–28 (2001). [CrossRef]
- W. Petrich, “Mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy for medical diagnostics,” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 36(2&3), 181–237 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. Gehrsitz, F. K. Reinhart, C. Gourgon, N. Herres, A. Vonlanthen, and H. Sigga, “The refractive index of AlxGa1-xAs below the band gap: Accurate determination and empirical modeling,” J. Appl. Phys. 87(11), 7825–7837 (2000). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, S. Janz, L. Delobel, P. van der Meer, P. Bravetti, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, and J. Nagle, “Second-harmonic generation at λ = 1.6 μm in AlGaAs/Al2O3 waveguides using birefringence phase matching,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2942–2944 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, P. Bravetti, and J. Nagle, “Phase matching using an isotropic nonlinear optical material,” Nature 391(6666), 463–466 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. Fiore, V. Berger, E. Rosencher, N. Laurent, S. Theilmann, N. Vodjdani, and J. Nagle, “Huge birefringence in selectively oxidized GaAs/AlAs optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(10), 1320–1322 (1996). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, R. Bhat, C. Caneau, and M. A. Koza, “Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs waveguides with periodic domain inversion achieved by wafer-bonding,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(25), 3410–3412 (1995). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Fejer, “Nonlinear optical frequency conversion,” Phys. Today 47(5), 25–32 (1994). [CrossRef]
- M. Bhashi, T. Kondo, R. Ito, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki, K. Kumata, and S. S. Kano, “Determination of quadratic nonlinear optical coefficient of AlxGa1-xAs system by the method of reflected second harmonics,” J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 596–601 (1993). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Fejer, G. A. Magel, D. H. Jundt, and R. L. Byer, “Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation: tuning and tolerances,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(11), 2631–2654 (1992). [CrossRef]
- W. Sohler and H. Suche, “Second-harmonic generation in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides with 25% conversion efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33(6), 518–520 (1978). [CrossRef]
- D. B. Anderson and J. T. Boyd, “Wideband CO2 laser second harmonic generation phase matched in GaAs thin-film waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 19(8), 266–268 (1971). [CrossRef]
Cited By |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
Related Journal Articles 
- Reflectivity properties of an abruptly ended asymmetrical slab waveguide for the case of transverse magnetic modes (JOSAA)
- Three-dimensional finite-element beam propagation method: assessments and developments (JOSAA)
- Phase matching using Bragg reflection waveguides for monolithic nonlinear optics applications (OE)
- Phase matching in monolithic Bragg reflection waveguides (OL)
- Toward low-loss photonic crystal waveguides in InP/InGaAsP heterostructures (OL)
Related Conference Papers 
- Semiconductor quantum computer design with 100 nm separation of nuclear-spin qubits
- Semiconductor quantum computer design with 100 nm separation of nuclear-spin qubits
- Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation Using Slow Light in AlGaAs Microring Resonators
- Mode Conversion Losses in SOI Photonic Wire Based Racetrack Resonators
- The Novel Schemes and Materials for 10Gbps per Channel in Optical Interconnect
- Continuous-wave Second Harmonic Generation in Sub-micron AlGaAs Waveguides
- Firefox 11+
- Google Chrome 17+
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Safari 5+




OSA is a member of 