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Drug delivery monitoring by photoacoustic tomography with an ICG encapsulated double emulsionJustin Rajesh Rajian, Mario L. Fabiilli, J. Brian Fowlkes, Paul L. Carson, and Xueding Wang »View Author Affiliations
Justin Rajesh Rajian,
Mario L. Fabiilli,
J. Brian Fowlkes,
Paul L. Carson,
and Xueding Wang*
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA *Corresponding author: xdwang@umich.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 15, pp. 14335-14347 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.014335
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Abstract
The absorption spectrum of indocyanine green (ICG), a nontoxic dye used for medical diagnostics, depends upon its concentration as well as the nature of its environment, i.e., the solvent medium into which it is dissolved. In blood, ICG binds with plasma proteins, thus causing changes in its photoacoustic spectrum. We successfully encapsulated ICG in an ultrasound-triggerable perfluorocarbon double emulsion that prevents ICG from binding with plasma proteins. Photoacoustic spectral measurements on point target as well as 2-D photoacoustic images of blood vessels revealed that the photoacoustic spectrum changes significantly in blood when the ICG-loaded emulsion undergoes acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), which is the conversion of liquid droplets into gas bubbles using ultrasound. We propose that these changes in the photoacoustic spectrum of the ICG emulsion in blood, coupled with photoacoustic tomography, could be used to spatially and quantitatively monitor ultrasound initiated drug delivery. In addition, we suggest that the photoacoustic spectral change induced by ultrasound exposure could also be used as contrast in photoacoustic imaging to obtain a background free image.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(110.7170) Imaging systems : Ultrasound
(170.5120) Medical optics and biotechnology : Photoacoustic imaging
(170.6510) Medical optics and biotechnology : Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics
ToC Category:
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
History
Original Manuscript: April 25, 2011
Revised Manuscript: June 16, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: June 27, 2011
Published: July 12, 2011
Virtual Issues
Vol. 6, Iss. 8 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Justin Rajesh Rajian, Mario L. Fabiilli, J. Brian Fowlkes, Paul L. Carson, and Xueding Wang, "Drug delivery monitoring by photoacoustic tomography with an ICG encapsulated double emulsion," Opt. Express 19, 14335-14347 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-15-14335
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References
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- M. L. Zhang, M. L. Fabiilli, K. J. Haworth, J. B. Fowlkes, O. D. Kripfgans, W. W. Roberts, K. A. Ives, and P. L. Carson, “Initial investigation of acoustic droplet vaporization for occlusion in canine kidney,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(10), 1691–1703 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- O. D. Kripfgans, J. B. Fowlkes, D. L. Miller, O. P. Eldevik, and P. L. Carson, “Acoustic droplet vaporization for therapeutic and diagnostic applications,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 26(7), 1177–1189 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- K. M. Stantz, M. Cao, B. Liu, K. D. Miller, and L. Guo, “Molecular imaging of neutropilin-1 receptor using photoacoustic spectroscopy in breast tumors,” Proc. SPIE 7564, 7564O (2010).
- L. A. Yannuzzi, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, D. R. Guyer, and D. A. Orlock, “Digital indocyanine green videoangiography and choroidal neovascularization,” Retina 12(3), 191–223 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Y. Fang, C. F. Hung, S. C. Hua, and T. L. Hwang, “Acoustically active perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions as drug delivery carriers for camptothecin: drug release and cytotoxicity against cancer cells,” Ultrasonics 49(1), 39–46 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Kim, S. W. Huang, K. C. Day, M. O’Donnell, R. R. Agayan, M. A. Day, R. Kopelman, and S. Ashkenazi, “Indocyanine-green-embedded PEBBLEs as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(4), 044020 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Y. Fang, C. F. Hung, S. C. Hua, and T. L. Hwang, “Acoustically active perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions as drug delivery carriers for camptothecin: drug release and cytotoxicity against cancer cells,” Ultrasonics 49(1), 39–46 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Y. Fang, C. F. Hung, M. H. Liao, and C. C. Chien, “A study of the formulation design of acoustically active lipospheres as carriers for drug delivery,” Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 67(1), 67–75 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T. Giesecke and K. Hynynen, “Ultrasound-mediated cavitation thresholds of liquid perfluorocarbon droplets in vitro,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 29(9), 1359–1365 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. Zhang, M. L. Fabiilli, K. J. Haworth, J. B. Fowlkes, O. D. Kripfgans, W. W. Roberts, K. A. Ives, and P. L. Carson, “Initial investigation of acoustic droplet vaporization for occlusion in canine kidney,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(10), 1691–1703 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Oraevsky, S. L. Jacques, R. O. Esenaliev, and F. K. Tittel, “Laser based optoacoustic imaging in biological tissues,” Proc. SPIE 2134A, 122–128 (1994).
- U. M. Schmidt-Erfurth, S. Michels, C. Kusserow, B. Jurklies, and A. J. Augustin, “Photodynamic therapy for symptomatic choroidal hemangioma: visual and anatomic results,” Ophthalmology 109(12), 2284–2294 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Kawabata, N. Sugita, H. Yoshikawa, T. Azuma, and S. Umemura, “Nanoparticles with multiple perfluorocarbons for controllable ultrasonically induced phase shifting,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44(6B), 4548–4552 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Rapoport, D. A. Christensen, A. M. Kennedy, and K. H. Nam, “Cavitation properties of block copolymer stabilized phase-shift nanoemulsions used as drug carriers,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(3), 419–429 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Ultrasonic nanotherapy of pancreatic cancer: lessons from ultrasound imaging,” Mol. Pharm. 7(1), 22–31 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Y. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Controlled and targeted tumor chemotherapy by ultrasound-activated nanoemulsions/microbubbles,” J. Control. Release 138(3), 268–276 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. H. Song, C. H. Kim, C. M. Cobley, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared gold nanocages as a new class of tracers for photoacoustic sentinel lymph node mapping on a rat model,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 183–188 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Kim, S. W. Huang, K. C. Day, M. O’Donnell, R. R. Agayan, M. A. Day, R. Kopelman, and S. Ashkenazi, “Indocyanine-green-embedded PEBBLEs as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(4), 044020 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Kim, S. W. Huang, K. C. Day, M. O’Donnell, R. R. Agayan, M. A. Day, R. Kopelman, and S. Ashkenazi, “Indocyanine-green-embedded PEBBLEs as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(4), 044020 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. Fabiilli, K. J. Haworth, I. E. Sebastian, O. D. Kripfgans, P. L. Carson, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Delivery of chlorambucil using an acoustically-triggered perfluoropentane emulsion,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(8), 1364–1375 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. Zhang, M. L. Fabiilli, K. J. Haworth, J. B. Fowlkes, O. D. Kripfgans, W. W. Roberts, K. A. Ives, and P. L. Carson, “Initial investigation of acoustic droplet vaporization for occlusion in canine kidney,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(10), 1691–1703 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. Fabiilli, J. A. Lee, O. D. Kripfgans, P. L. Carson, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Delivery of water-soluble drugs using acoustically triggered perfluorocarbon double emulsions,” Pharm. Res. 27(12), 2753–2765 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. D. Kripfgans, J. B. Fowlkes, D. L. Miller, O. P. Eldevik, and P. L. Carson, “Acoustic droplet vaporization for therapeutic and diagnostic applications,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 26(7), 1177–1189 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. M. Schmidt-Erfurth, S. Michels, C. Kusserow, B. Jurklies, and A. J. Augustin, “Photodynamic therapy for symptomatic choroidal hemangioma: visual and anatomic results,” Ophthalmology 109(12), 2284–2294 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. J. Landsman, G. Kwant, G. A. Mook, and W. G. Zijlstra, “Light-absorbing properties, stability, and spectral stabilization of indocyanine green,” J. Appl. Physiol. 40(4), 575–583 (1976). [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. J. Landsman, G. Kwant, G. A. Mook, and W. G. Zijlstra, “Light-absorbing properties, stability, and spectral stabilization of indocyanine green,” J. Appl. Physiol. 40(4), 575–583 (1976). [PubMed]
- M. L. Fabiilli, J. A. Lee, O. D. Kripfgans, P. L. Carson, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Delivery of water-soluble drugs using acoustically triggered perfluorocarbon double emulsions,” Pharm. Res. 27(12), 2753–2765 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Piras, W. Xia, W. Steenbergen, T. G. V. Leeuwen, and S. Manohar, “Photoacoustic imaging of the breast using the twente photoacoustic mammoscope: present status and future perspectives,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 16(4), 730–739 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yang, S. E. Skrabalak, Z.-Y. Li, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of a rat cerebral cortex in vivo with au nanocages as an optical contrast agent,” Nano Lett. 7(12), 3798–3802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Y. Fang, C. F. Hung, M. H. Liao, and C. C. Chien, “A study of the formulation design of acoustically active lipospheres as carriers for drug delivery,” Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 67(1), 67–75 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. M. Stantz, M. Cao, B. Liu, K. D. Miller, and L. Guo, “Molecular imaging of neutropilin-1 receptor using photoacoustic spectroscopy in breast tumors,” Proc. SPIE 7564, 7564O (2010).
- D. Piras, W. Xia, W. Steenbergen, T. G. V. Leeuwen, and S. Manohar, “Photoacoustic imaging of the breast using the twente photoacoustic mammoscope: present status and future perspectives,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 16(4), 730–739 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. M. Schmidt-Erfurth, S. Michels, C. Kusserow, B. Jurklies, and A. J. Augustin, “Photodynamic therapy for symptomatic choroidal hemangioma: visual and anatomic results,” Ophthalmology 109(12), 2284–2294 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. D. Kripfgans, J. B. Fowlkes, D. L. Miller, O. P. Eldevik, and P. L. Carson, “Acoustic droplet vaporization for therapeutic and diagnostic applications,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 26(7), 1177–1189 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. M. Stantz, M. Cao, B. Liu, K. D. Miller, and L. Guo, “Molecular imaging of neutropilin-1 receptor using photoacoustic spectroscopy in breast tumors,” Proc. SPIE 7564, 7564O (2010).
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. J. Landsman, G. Kwant, G. A. Mook, and W. G. Zijlstra, “Light-absorbing properties, stability, and spectral stabilization of indocyanine green,” J. Appl. Physiol. 40(4), 575–583 (1976). [PubMed]
- N. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Ultrasonic nanotherapy of pancreatic cancer: lessons from ultrasound imaging,” Mol. Pharm. 7(1), 22–31 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Rapoport, D. A. Christensen, A. M. Kennedy, and K. H. Nam, “Cavitation properties of block copolymer stabilized phase-shift nanoemulsions used as drug carriers,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(3), 419–429 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Y. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Controlled and targeted tumor chemotherapy by ultrasound-activated nanoemulsions/microbubbles,” J. Control. Release 138(3), 268–276 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Kim, S. W. Huang, K. C. Day, M. O’Donnell, R. R. Agayan, M. A. Day, R. Kopelman, and S. Ashkenazi, “Indocyanine-green-embedded PEBBLEs as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(4), 044020 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Oraevsky, S. L. Jacques, R. O. Esenaliev, and F. K. Tittel, “Laser based optoacoustic imaging in biological tissues,” Proc. SPIE 2134A, 122–128 (1994).
- L. A. Yannuzzi, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, D. R. Guyer, and D. A. Orlock, “Digital indocyanine green videoangiography and choroidal neovascularization,” Retina 12(3), 191–223 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. E. Parsons, C. A. Cain, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Cost-effective assembly of a basic fiber-optic hydrophone for measurement of high-amplitude therapeutic ultrasound fields,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119(3), 1432–1440 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Piras, W. Xia, W. Steenbergen, T. G. V. Leeuwen, and S. Manohar, “Photoacoustic imaging of the breast using the twente photoacoustic mammoscope: present status and future perspectives,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 16(4), 730–739 (2010). [CrossRef]
- N. Rapoport, D. A. Christensen, A. M. Kennedy, and K. H. Nam, “Cavitation properties of block copolymer stabilized phase-shift nanoemulsions used as drug carriers,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(3), 419–429 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Ultrasonic nanotherapy of pancreatic cancer: lessons from ultrasound imaging,” Mol. Pharm. 7(1), 22–31 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Y. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Controlled and targeted tumor chemotherapy by ultrasound-activated nanoemulsions/microbubbles,” J. Control. Release 138(3), 268–276 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. G. Riess, “Oxygen carriers (“blood substitutes”) - raison d’etre, chemistry, and some physiology,” Chem. Rev. 101(9), 2797–2920 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. Zhang, M. L. Fabiilli, K. J. Haworth, J. B. Fowlkes, O. D. Kripfgans, W. W. Roberts, K. A. Ives, and P. L. Carson, “Initial investigation of acoustic droplet vaporization for occlusion in canine kidney,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(10), 1691–1703 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Ultrasonic nanotherapy of pancreatic cancer: lessons from ultrasound imaging,” Mol. Pharm. 7(1), 22–31 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Y. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Controlled and targeted tumor chemotherapy by ultrasound-activated nanoemulsions/microbubbles,” J. Control. Release 138(3), 268–276 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. M. Schmidt-Erfurth, S. Michels, C. Kusserow, B. Jurklies, and A. J. Augustin, “Photodynamic therapy for symptomatic choroidal hemangioma: visual and anatomic results,” Ophthalmology 109(12), 2284–2294 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. Fabiilli, K. J. Haworth, I. E. Sebastian, O. D. Kripfgans, P. L. Carson, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Delivery of chlorambucil using an acoustically-triggered perfluoropentane emulsion,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(8), 1364–1375 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Ultrasonic nanotherapy of pancreatic cancer: lessons from ultrasound imaging,” Mol. Pharm. 7(1), 22–31 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Y. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Controlled and targeted tumor chemotherapy by ultrasound-activated nanoemulsions/microbubbles,” J. Control. Release 138(3), 268–276 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yang, S. E. Skrabalak, Z.-Y. Li, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of a rat cerebral cortex in vivo with au nanocages as an optical contrast agent,” Nano Lett. 7(12), 3798–3802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, D. R. Guyer, and D. A. Orlock, “Digital indocyanine green videoangiography and choroidal neovascularization,” Retina 12(3), 191–223 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. H. Song, C. H. Kim, C. M. Cobley, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared gold nanocages as a new class of tracers for photoacoustic sentinel lymph node mapping on a rat model,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 183–188 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, D. R. Guyer, and D. A. Orlock, “Digital indocyanine green videoangiography and choroidal neovascularization,” Retina 12(3), 191–223 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. M. Stantz, M. Cao, B. Liu, K. D. Miller, and L. Guo, “Molecular imaging of neutropilin-1 receptor using photoacoustic spectroscopy in breast tumors,” Proc. SPIE 7564, 7564O (2010).
- D. Piras, W. Xia, W. Steenbergen, T. G. V. Leeuwen, and S. Manohar, “Photoacoustic imaging of the breast using the twente photoacoustic mammoscope: present status and future perspectives,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 16(4), 730–739 (2010). [CrossRef]
- K. Kawabata, N. Sugita, H. Yoshikawa, T. Azuma, and S. Umemura, “Nanoparticles with multiple perfluorocarbons for controllable ultrasonically induced phase shifting,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44(6B), 4548–4552 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Oraevsky, S. L. Jacques, R. O. Esenaliev, and F. K. Tittel, “Laser based optoacoustic imaging in biological tissues,” Proc. SPIE 2134A, 122–128 (1994).
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Kawabata, N. Sugita, H. Yoshikawa, T. Azuma, and S. Umemura, “Nanoparticles with multiple perfluorocarbons for controllable ultrasonically induced phase shifting,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44(6B), 4548–4552 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. H. Song, C. H. Kim, C. M. Cobley, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared gold nanocages as a new class of tracers for photoacoustic sentinel lymph node mapping on a rat model,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 183–188 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Yang, S. E. Skrabalak, Z.-Y. Li, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of a rat cerebral cortex in vivo with au nanocages as an optical contrast agent,” Nano Lett. 7(12), 3798–3802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. R. Rajian, P. L. Carson, and X. Wang, “Quantitative photoacoustic measurement of tissue optical absorption spectrum aided by an optical contrast agent,” Opt. Express 17(6), 4879–4889 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Wang, D. L. Chamberland, and D. A. Jamadar, “Noninvasive photoacoustic tomography of human peripheral joints toward diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis,” Opt. Lett. 32(20), 3002–3004 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Piras, W. Xia, W. Steenbergen, T. G. V. Leeuwen, and S. Manohar, “Photoacoustic imaging of the breast using the twente photoacoustic mammoscope: present status and future perspectives,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 16(4), 730–739 (2010). [CrossRef]
- X. Yang, S. E. Skrabalak, Z.-Y. Li, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of a rat cerebral cortex in vivo with au nanocages as an optical contrast agent,” Nano Lett. 7(12), 3798–3802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. H. Song, C. H. Kim, C. M. Cobley, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared gold nanocages as a new class of tracers for photoacoustic sentinel lymph node mapping on a rat model,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 183–188 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77(4), 041101 (2006). [CrossRef]
- X. Yang, S. E. Skrabalak, Z.-Y. Li, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of a rat cerebral cortex in vivo with au nanocages as an optical contrast agent,” Nano Lett. 7(12), 3798–3802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, D. R. Guyer, and D. A. Orlock, “Digital indocyanine green videoangiography and choroidal neovascularization,” Retina 12(3), 191–223 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Kawabata, N. Sugita, H. Yoshikawa, T. Azuma, and S. Umemura, “Nanoparticles with multiple perfluorocarbons for controllable ultrasonically induced phase shifting,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44(6B), 4548–4552 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. L. Zhang, M. L. Fabiilli, K. J. Haworth, J. B. Fowlkes, O. D. Kripfgans, W. W. Roberts, K. A. Ives, and P. L. Carson, “Initial investigation of acoustic droplet vaporization for occlusion in canine kidney,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36(10), 1691–1703 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. J. Landsman, G. Kwant, G. A. Mook, and W. G. Zijlstra, “Light-absorbing properties, stability, and spectral stabilization of indocyanine green,” J. Appl. Physiol. 40(4), 575–583 (1976). [PubMed]
Chem. Rev.
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Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol.
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Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant.
- D. Piras, W. Xia, W. Steenbergen, T. G. V. Leeuwen, and S. Manohar, “Photoacoustic imaging of the breast using the twente photoacoustic mammoscope: present status and future perspectives,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 16(4), 730–739 (2010). [CrossRef]
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
- J. E. Parsons, C. A. Cain, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Cost-effective assembly of a basic fiber-optic hydrophone for measurement of high-amplitude therapeutic ultrasound fields,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119(3), 1432–1440 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Appl. Physiol.
- M. L. J. Landsman, G. Kwant, G. A. Mook, and W. G. Zijlstra, “Light-absorbing properties, stability, and spectral stabilization of indocyanine green,” J. Appl. Physiol. 40(4), 575–583 (1976). [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. A. Ermilov, T. Khamapirad, A. Conjusteau, M. H. Leonard, R. Lacewell, K. Mehta, T. Miller, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Laser optoacoustic imaging system for detection of breast cancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024007 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Kim, S. W. Huang, K. C. Day, M. O’Donnell, R. R. Agayan, M. A. Day, R. Kopelman, and S. Ashkenazi, “Indocyanine-green-embedded PEBBLEs as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(4), 044020 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Control. Release
- N. Y. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Controlled and targeted tumor chemotherapy by ultrasound-activated nanoemulsions/microbubbles,” J. Control. Release 138(3), 268–276 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Franklin Inst.
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Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
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Mol. Pharm.
- N. Rapoport, A. M. Kennedy, J. E. Shea, C. L. Scaife, and K. H. Nam, “Ultrasonic nanotherapy of pancreatic cancer: lessons from ultrasound imaging,” Mol. Pharm. 7(1), 22–31 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nano Lett.
- X. Yang, S. E. Skrabalak, Z.-Y. Li, Y. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography of a rat cerebral cortex in vivo with au nanocages as an optical contrast agent,” Nano Lett. 7(12), 3798–3802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. H. Song, C. H. Kim, C. M. Cobley, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “Near-infrared gold nanocages as a new class of tracers for photoacoustic sentinel lymph node mapping on a rat model,” Nano Lett. 9(1), 183–188 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ophthalmology
- U. M. Schmidt-Erfurth, S. Michels, C. Kusserow, B. Jurklies, and A. J. Augustin, “Photodynamic therapy for symptomatic choroidal hemangioma: visual and anatomic results,” Ophthalmology 109(12), 2284–2294 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- J. R. Rajian, P. L. Carson, and X. Wang, “Quantitative photoacoustic measurement of tissue optical absorption spectrum aided by an optical contrast agent,” Opt. Express 17(6), 4879–4889 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- X. Wang, D. L. Chamberland, and D. A. Jamadar, “Noninvasive photoacoustic tomography of human peripheral joints toward diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis,” Opt. Lett. 32(20), 3002–3004 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. D. Wang, G. Ku, M. A. Wegiel, D. J. Bornhop, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Noninvasive photoacoustic angiography of animal brains in vivo with near-infrared light and an optical contrast agent,” Opt. Lett. 29(7), 730–732 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Pharm. Res.
- M. L. Fabiilli, J. A. Lee, O. D. Kripfgans, P. L. Carson, and J. B. Fowlkes, “Delivery of water-soluble drugs using acoustically triggered perfluorocarbon double emulsions,” Pharm. Res. 27(12), 2753–2765 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Photochem. Photobiol.
- J. S. Reynolds, T. L. Troy, R. H. Mayer, A. B. Thompson, D. J. Waters, K. K. Cornell, P. W. Snyder, and E. M. Sevick-Muraca, “Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumors using fluorescent contrast agents,” Photochem. Photobiol. 70(1), 87–94 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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