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The single quantum dot-laser: lasing and strong coupling in the high-excitation regimeChristopher Gies, Matthias Florian, Paul Gartner, and Frank Jahnke »View Author Affiliations
Christopher Gies,1,*
Matthias Florian,1
Paul Gartner,1,2
and Frank Jahnke1
1Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany 2National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania *Corresponding author: gies@itp.uni-bremen.de |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 15, pp. 14370-14388 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.014370
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Abstract
The emission properties of a single quantum dot in a microcavity are studied on the basis of a semiconductor model. As a function of the pump rate of the system we investigate the onset of stimulated emission, the possibility to realize stimulated emission in the strong-coupling regime, as well as the excitation-dependent changes of the photon statistics and the emission spectrum. The role of possible excited charged and multi-exciton states, the different sources of dephasing for various quantum-dot transitions, and the influence of background emission into the cavity mode are analyzed in detail. In the strong coupling regime, the emission spectrum can contain a line at the cavity resonance in addition to the vacuum doublet caused by off-resonant transitions of the same quantum dot. If strong coupling persists in the regime of stimulated emission, the emission spectrum near the cavity resonance additionally grows due to broadened contributions from higher rungs of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(270.5290) Quantum optics : Photon statistics
(130.3990) Integrated optics : Micro-optical devices
(250.5590) Optoelectronics : Quantum-well, -wire and -dot devices
ToC Category:
Optoelectronics
History
Original Manuscript: May 12, 2011
Revised Manuscript: June 20, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: June 22, 2011
Published: July 12, 2011
Citation
Christopher Gies, Matthias Florian, Paul Gartner, and Frank Jahnke, "The single quantum dot-laser: lasing and strong coupling in the high-excitation regime," Opt. Express 19, 14370-14388 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-15-14370
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- H. Kurtze, J. Seebeck, P. Gartner, D. R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, M. Bayer, and F. Jahnke, “Carrier relaxation dynamics in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. B 80, 235319 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Wiersig, C. Gies, F. Jahnke, M. Aßmann, T. Bestermann, M. Bayer, C. Kistner, S. Reitzenstein, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Kruse, J. Kalden, and D. Hommel, “Direct observation of correlations between individual photon emission events of a microcavity laser,” Nature 460, 245–249 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Ulrich, C. Gies, J. Wiersig, S. Reitzenstein, C. Hofmann, A. Löffler, A. Forchel, F. Jahnke, and P. Michler, “Photon statistics of semiconductor microcavity lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 043906 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Winger, A. Badolato, K. J. Hennessy, E. L. Hu, and A. Imamođlu, “Quantum dot spectroscopy using cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 226808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. G. Xie, S. Götzinger, W. Fang, H. Cao, and G. S. Solomon, “Influence of a single quantum dot state on the characteristics of a microdisk laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 117401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Kurtze, J. Seebeck, P. Gartner, D. R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, M. Bayer, and F. Jahnke, “Carrier relaxation dynamics in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. B 80, 235319 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Yamaguchi, T. Asano, K. Kojima, and S. Noda, “Quantum electrodynamics of a nanocavity coupled with exciton complexes in a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. B 80, 155326 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. Santori, G. S. Solomon, M. Pelton, and Y. Yamamoto, “Time-resolved spectroscopy of multiexcitonic decay in an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 073310 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Pelton, C. Santori, J. Vuckovic, B. Zhang, G. S. Solomon, J. Plant, and Y. Yamamoto, “Efficient source of single photons: A single quantum dot in a micropost microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 233602 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, “Vacuum rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity,” Nature 432, 200–203 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Hendrickson, B. C. Richards, J. Sweet, S. Mosor, C. Christenson, D. Lam, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, “Quantum dot photonic-crystal-slab nanocavities: quality factors and lasing,” Phys. Rev. B 72, 193303 (2005).
- M. Pelton, C. Santori, J. Vuckovic, B. Zhang, G. S. Solomon, J. Plant, and Y. Yamamoto, “Efficient source of single photons: A single quantum dot in a micropost microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 233602 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W. V. Schoenfeld, P. M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, “A quantum dot single-photon turnstile device,” Science 290, 2282–2285 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. I. Cirac, H. Ritsch, and P. Zoller, “Two-level system interacting with a finite-bandwidth thermal cavity mode,” Phys. Rev. A 44, 4541–4551 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Zoller and C. Gardiner, Quantum Noise: A Handbook of Markovian and Non-Markovian Quantum Stochastic Methods with Applications to Quantum Optics , 3rd ed. (Springer-Verlag, 2004). [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- S. Reitzenstein, A. Bazhenov, A. Gorbunov, C. Hofmann, S. Münch, A. Löffler, M. Kamp, J. P. Reithmaier, V. D. Kulakovskii, and A. Forchel, “Lasing in high-Q quantum-dot micropillar cavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 051107 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. Matsuda, K. Ikeda, T. Saiki, H. Saito, and K. Nishi, “Carrier-carrier interaction in single In0.5Ga0.5As quantum dots at room temperature investigated by near-field scanning optical microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2250–2252 (2003). [CrossRef]
Eur. Phys. J. B
- N. Baer, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “Coulomb effects in semiconductor quantum dots,” Eur. Phys. J. B 42, 231–237 (2004). [CrossRef]
Laser Photonics Rev.
- S. Strauf and F. Jahnke, “Single quantum dot nanolaser,” Laser Photonics Rev. 5, n/a. doi: (2011). [CrossRef]
Nat. Mater.
- J. Kasprzak, S. Reitzenstein, E. A. Muljarov, C. Kistner, C. Schneider, M. Strauss, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and W. Langbein, “Up on the Jaynes-Cummings ladder of a quantum-dot/microcavity system,” Nat. Mater. 9, 304–308 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- A. Mohan, M. Felici, P. Gallo, B. Dwir, A. Rudra, J. Faist, and E. Kapon, “Polarization-entangled photons produced with high-symmetry site-controlled quantum dots,” Nat. Photonics 4, 302–306 (2010). [CrossRef]
Nat. Phys.
- M. Nomura, N. Kumagai, S. Iwamoto, Y. Ota, and Y. Arakawa, “Laser oscillation in a strongly coupled single-quantum-dot nanocavity system,” Nat. Phys. 6, 279–283 (2010). [CrossRef]
Nature
- J. P. Reithmaier, G. Sek, A. Löffler, C. Hofmann, S. Kuhn, S. Reitzenstein, L. V. Keldysh, V. D. Kulakovskii, T. L. Reinecke, and A. Forchel, “Strong coupling in a single quantum dot-semiconductor microcavity system,” Nature 432, 197–200 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, “Vacuum rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity,” Nature 432, 200–203 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. L. Salter, R. M. Stevenson, I. Farrer, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchi, and A. J. Shields, “An entangled-light-emitting diode,” Nature 465, 594–597 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Wiersig, C. Gies, F. Jahnke, M. Aßmann, T. Bestermann, M. Bayer, C. Kistner, S. Reitzenstein, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Kruse, J. Kalden, and D. Hommel, “Direct observation of correlations between individual photon emission events of a microcavity laser,” Nature 460, 245–249 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- S. Reitzenstein, C. Böckler, A. Bazhenov, A. Gorbunov, A. Löffler, M. Kamp, V. D. Kulakovskii, and A. Forchel, “Single quantum dot controlled lasing effects in high-Q micropillar cavities,” Opt. Express 16, 4848–4857 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Nomura, N. Kumagai, S. Iwamoto, Y. Ota, and Y. Arakawa, “Photonic crystal nanocavity laser with a single quantum dot gain,” Opt. Express 17, 15975–15982 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hughes and P. Yao, “Theory of quantum light emission from a strongly-coupled single quantum dot photonic-crystal cavity system,” Opt. Express 17, 3322–3330 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Ritter, P. Gartner, C. Gies, and F. Jahnke, “Emission properties and photon statisticsof a single quantum dot laser,” Opt. Express 18, 9909–9921 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rep.
- S. Stenholm, “Quantum theory of electromagnetic fields interacting with atoms and molecules,” Phys. Rep. 6, 1–121 (1973). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev.
- M. Scully and W. Lamb, “Quantum theory of an optical maser. I. General theory,” Phys. Rev. 159, 208–226 (1967). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. A
- Y. Mu and C. M. Savage, “One-atom lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 46, 5944–5954 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. I. Cirac, H. Ritsch, and P. Zoller, “Two-level system interacting with a finite-bandwidth thermal cavity mode,” Phys. Rev. A 44, 4541–4551 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. B
- E. del Valle, F. P. Laussy, and C. Tejedor, “Luminescence spectra of quantum dots in microcavities. ii.) Fermions,” Phys. Rev. B 79, 235326 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Hendrickson, B. C. Richards, J. Sweet, S. Mosor, C. Christenson, D. Lam, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, “Quantum dot photonic-crystal-slab nanocavities: quality factors and lasing,” Phys. Rev. B 72, 193303 (2005).
- A. Auffèves, D. Gerace, J.-M. Gérard, M. F. Santos, L. C. Andreani, and J.-P. Poizat, “Controlling the dynamics of a coupled atom-cavity system by pure dephasing,” Phys. Rev. B 81, 245419 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Yamaguchi, T. Asano, K. Kojima, and S. Noda, “Quantum electrodynamics of a nanocavity coupled with exciton complexes in a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. B 80, 155326 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Laucht, J. M. Villas-Bôas, S. Stobbe, N. Hauke, F. Hofbauer, G. Böhm, P. Lodahl, M.-C. Amann, M. Kaniber, and J. J. Finley, “Mutual coupling of two semiconductor quantum dots via an optical nanocavity,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 075305 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. S. Sosnowski, T. B. Norris, H. Jiang, J. Singh, K. Kamath, and P. Bhattacharya, “Rapid carrier relaxation in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots characterized by differential transmission spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B 57, R9423–R9426 (1998). [CrossRef]
- H. Kurtze, J. Seebeck, P. Gartner, D. R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, M. Bayer, and F. Jahnke, “Carrier relaxation dynamics in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. B 80, 235319 (2009). [CrossRef]
- U. Bockelmann and T. Egeler, “Electron relaxation in quantum dots by means of Auger processes,” Phys. Rev. B 46, 15574 (1992). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Nielsen, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “Many-body theory of carrier capture and relaxation in semiconductor quantum-dot lasers,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 235314 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. Seebeck, T. R. Nielsen, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “Polarons in semiconductor quantum-dots and their role in the quantum kinetics of carrier relaxation,” Phys. Rev. B 71, 125327 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. Santori, G. S. Solomon, M. Pelton, and Y. Yamamoto, “Time-resolved spectroscopy of multiexcitonic decay in an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 073310 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Laucht, M. Kaniber, A. Mohtashami, N. Hauke, M. Bichler, and J. J. Finley, “Temporal monitoring of non-resonant feeding of semiconductor nanocavity modes by quantum dot multiexciton transitions,” Phys. Rev. B 81, 241302 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Hawrylak, “Excitonic artificial atoms: Engineering optical properties of quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. B 60, 5597 (1999). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- M. Winger, A. Badolato, K. J. Hennessy, E. L. Hu, and A. Imamođlu, “Quantum dot spectroscopy using cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 226808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. P. Laussy, E. del Valle, and C. Tejedor, “Strong coupling of quantum dots in microcavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 083601 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Laucht, N. Hauke, J. M. Villas-Bôas, F. Hofbauer, G. Böhm, M. Kaniber, and J. J. Finley, “Dephasing of exciton polaritons in photoexcited ingaas quantum dots in gaas nanocavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 087405 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pelton, C. Santori, J. Vuckovic, B. Zhang, G. S. Solomon, J. Plant, and Y. Yamamoto, “Efficient source of single photons: A single quantum dot in a micropost microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 233602 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Muller, W. Fang, J. Lawall, and G. S. Solomon, “Creating polarization-entangled photon pairs from a semiconductor quantum dot using the optical stark effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 217402 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. G. Xie, S. Götzinger, W. Fang, H. Cao, and G. S. Solomon, “Influence of a single quantum dot state on the characteristics of a microdisk laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 117401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Strauf, K. Hennessy, M. T. Rakher, Y.-S. Choi, A. Badolato, L. C. Andreani, E. L. Hu, P. M. Petroff, and D. Brouwmeester, “Self-tuned quantum dot gain in photonic crystal lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 127404 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Ulrich, C. Gies, J. Wiersig, S. Reitzenstein, C. Hofmann, A. Löffler, A. Forchel, F. Jahnke, and P. Michler, “Photon statistics of semiconductor microcavity lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 043906 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Status Solidi B
- C. Gies, M. Florian, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “A semiconductor model for the single quantum dot laser,” Phys. Status Solidi B 248, 879–882 (2011). [CrossRef]
Rev. Mod. Phys.
- G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, F. Jahnke, M. Kira, and S. W. Koch, “Nonlinear optics of normal-mode-coupling semiconductor microcavities,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1591–1639 (1999). [CrossRef]
Science
- P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W. V. Schoenfeld, P. M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, “A quantum dot single-photon turnstile device,” Science 290, 2282–2285 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- D. Walls and G. Milburn, Quantum Optics (Springer, 1994).
- P. Zoller and C. Gardiner, Quantum Noise: A Handbook of Markovian and Non-Markovian Quantum Stochastic Methods with Applications to Quantum Optics , 3rd ed. (Springer-Verlag, 2004). [PubMed]
- F. Jahnke, ed., Quantum Optics with Semiconductor Nanostructures (Woodhead Publishing, to be published).
- H. J. Carmichael, Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1 (Springer, 1998).
2011, Strauf, Laser Photonics Rev.
- S. Strauf and F. Jahnke, “Single quantum dot nanolaser,” Laser Photonics Rev. 5, n/a. doi: (2011). [CrossRef]
- C. Gies, M. Florian, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “A semiconductor model for the single quantum dot laser,” Phys. Status Solidi B 248, 879–882 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Laucht, J. M. Villas-Bôas, S. Stobbe, N. Hauke, F. Hofbauer, G. Böhm, P. Lodahl, M.-C. Amann, M. Kaniber, and J. J. Finley, “Mutual coupling of two semiconductor quantum dots via an optical nanocavity,” Phys. Rev. B 82, 075305 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Laucht, M. Kaniber, A. Mohtashami, N. Hauke, M. Bichler, and J. J. Finley, “Temporal monitoring of non-resonant feeding of semiconductor nanocavity modes by quantum dot multiexciton transitions,” Phys. Rev. B 81, 241302 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Kasprzak, S. Reitzenstein, E. A. Muljarov, C. Kistner, C. Schneider, M. Strauss, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, and W. Langbein, “Up on the Jaynes-Cummings ladder of a quantum-dot/microcavity system,” Nat. Mater. 9, 304–308 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Auffèves, D. Gerace, J.-M. Gérard, M. F. Santos, L. C. Andreani, and J.-P. Poizat, “Controlling the dynamics of a coupled atom-cavity system by pure dephasing,” Phys. Rev. B 81, 245419 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Mohan, M. Felici, P. Gallo, B. Dwir, A. Rudra, J. Faist, and E. Kapon, “Polarization-entangled photons produced with high-symmetry site-controlled quantum dots,” Nat. Photonics 4, 302–306 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. L. Salter, R. M. Stevenson, I. Farrer, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchi, and A. J. Shields, “An entangled-light-emitting diode,” Nature 465, 594–597 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Nomura, N. Kumagai, S. Iwamoto, Y. Ota, and Y. Arakawa, “Laser oscillation in a strongly coupled single-quantum-dot nanocavity system,” Nat. Phys. 6, 279–283 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Wiersig, C. Gies, F. Jahnke, M. Aßmann, T. Bestermann, M. Bayer, C. Kistner, S. Reitzenstein, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Kruse, J. Kalden, and D. Hommel, “Direct observation of correlations between individual photon emission events of a microcavity laser,” Nature 460, 245–249 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Muller, W. Fang, J. Lawall, and G. S. Solomon, “Creating polarization-entangled photon pairs from a semiconductor quantum dot using the optical stark effect,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 217402 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. Kurtze, J. Seebeck, P. Gartner, D. R. Yakovlev, D. Reuter, A. D. Wieck, M. Bayer, and F. Jahnke, “Carrier relaxation dynamics in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. B 80, 235319 (2009). [CrossRef]
- E. del Valle, F. P. Laussy, and C. Tejedor, “Luminescence spectra of quantum dots in microcavities. ii.) Fermions,” Phys. Rev. B 79, 235326 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Yamaguchi, T. Asano, K. Kojima, and S. Noda, “Quantum electrodynamics of a nanocavity coupled with exciton complexes in a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. B 80, 155326 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Laucht, N. Hauke, J. M. Villas-Bôas, F. Hofbauer, G. Böhm, M. Kaniber, and J. J. Finley, “Dephasing of exciton polaritons in photoexcited ingaas quantum dots in gaas nanocavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 087405 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Winger, A. Badolato, K. J. Hennessy, E. L. Hu, and A. Imamođlu, “Quantum dot spectroscopy using cavity quantum electrodynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 226808 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. P. Laussy, E. del Valle, and C. Tejedor, “Strong coupling of quantum dots in microcavities,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 083601 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. G. Xie, S. Götzinger, W. Fang, H. Cao, and G. S. Solomon, “Influence of a single quantum dot state on the characteristics of a microdisk laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 117401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Ulrich, C. Gies, J. Wiersig, S. Reitzenstein, C. Hofmann, A. Löffler, A. Forchel, F. Jahnke, and P. Michler, “Photon statistics of semiconductor microcavity lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 043906 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Reitzenstein, A. Bazhenov, A. Gorbunov, C. Hofmann, S. Münch, A. Löffler, M. Kamp, J. P. Reithmaier, V. D. Kulakovskii, and A. Forchel, “Lasing in high-Q quantum-dot micropillar cavities,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 051107 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Strauf, K. Hennessy, M. T. Rakher, Y.-S. Choi, A. Badolato, L. C. Andreani, E. L. Hu, P. M. Petroff, and D. Brouwmeester, “Self-tuned quantum dot gain in photonic crystal lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 127404 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Seebeck, T. R. Nielsen, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “Polarons in semiconductor quantum-dots and their role in the quantum kinetics of carrier relaxation,” Phys. Rev. B 71, 125327 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. R. Nielsen, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “Many-body theory of carrier capture and relaxation in semiconductor quantum-dot lasers,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 235314 (2004). [CrossRef]
- J. P. Reithmaier, G. Sek, A. Löffler, C. Hofmann, S. Kuhn, S. Reitzenstein, L. V. Keldysh, V. D. Kulakovskii, T. L. Reinecke, and A. Forchel, “Strong coupling in a single quantum dot-semiconductor microcavity system,” Nature 432, 197–200 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, “Vacuum rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity,” Nature 432, 200–203 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Baer, P. Gartner, and F. Jahnke, “Coulomb effects in semiconductor quantum dots,” Eur. Phys. J. B 42, 231–237 (2004). [CrossRef]
- K. Matsuda, K. Ikeda, T. Saiki, H. Saito, and K. Nishi, “Carrier-carrier interaction in single In0.5Ga0.5As quantum dots at room temperature investigated by near-field scanning optical microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2250–2252 (2003). [CrossRef]
- C. Santori, G. S. Solomon, M. Pelton, and Y. Yamamoto, “Time-resolved spectroscopy of multiexcitonic decay in an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 073310 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Pelton, C. Santori, J. Vuckovic, B. Zhang, G. S. Solomon, J. Plant, and Y. Yamamoto, “Efficient source of single photons: A single quantum dot in a micropost microcavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 233602 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W. V. Schoenfeld, P. M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, “A quantum dot single-photon turnstile device,” Science 290, 2282–2285 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, F. Jahnke, M. Kira, and S. W. Koch, “Nonlinear optics of normal-mode-coupling semiconductor microcavities,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1591–1639 (1999). [CrossRef]
- P. Hawrylak, “Excitonic artificial atoms: Engineering optical properties of quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. B 60, 5597 (1999). [CrossRef]
- T. S. Sosnowski, T. B. Norris, H. Jiang, J. Singh, K. Kamath, and P. Bhattacharya, “Rapid carrier relaxation in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots characterized by differential transmission spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B 57, R9423–R9426 (1998). [CrossRef]
- Y. Mu and C. M. Savage, “One-atom lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 46, 5944–5954 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Bockelmann and T. Egeler, “Electron relaxation in quantum dots by means of Auger processes,” Phys. Rev. B 46, 15574 (1992). [CrossRef]
- J. I. Cirac, H. Ritsch, and P. Zoller, “Two-level system interacting with a finite-bandwidth thermal cavity mode,” Phys. Rev. A 44, 4541–4551 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Stenholm, “Quantum theory of electromagnetic fields interacting with atoms and molecules,” Phys. Rep. 6, 1–121 (1973). [CrossRef]
- M. Scully and W. Lamb, “Quantum theory of an optical maser. I. General theory,” Phys. Rev. 159, 208–226 (1967). [CrossRef]
- J. Hendrickson, B. C. Richards, J. Sweet, S. Mosor, C. Christenson, D. Lam, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, “Quantum dot photonic-crystal-slab nanocavities: quality factors and lasing,” Phys. Rev. B 72, 193303 (2005).
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