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Highly efficient and isotope selective photo-ionization of barium atoms using diode laser and LED lightB. Wang, J. W. Zhang, C. Gao, and L. J. Wang »View Author Affiliations
B. Wang,1,2
J. W. Zhang,1,2
C. Gao,1,3
and L. J. Wang1,2,3,4,*
1Joint Institute of Measurement Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 4Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany *Corresponding author: lwan08540@yahoo.com |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 17, pp. 16438-16447 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.016438
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Abstract
We demonstrated a simple method to photo-ionize barium atoms using 791 nm diode laser together with 310 nm UV LED. It solved the bottle-neck problem of previous method using 791 nm diode laser and 337 nm N2 laser, whose ionization rate was limited by the repetition rate of N2 laser. Compared with previous method, it has advantages of high efficiency together with simple and cheap setups. By tuning the frequency of 791 nm laser to be resonant with the desired isotope, isotope selective photo-ionization has been realized.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(020.4180) Atomic and molecular physics : Multiphoton processes
(160.3220) Materials : Ionic crystals
(260.5210) Physical optics : Photoionization
ToC Category:
Atomic and Molecular Physics
History
Original Manuscript: June 16, 2011
Revised Manuscript: July 29, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: July 29, 2011
Published: August 11, 2011
Citation
B. Wang, J. W. Zhang, C. Gao, and L. J. Wang, "Highly efficient and isotope selective photo-ionization of barium atoms using diode laser and LED light," Opt. Express 19, 16438-16447 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-17-16438
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References
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- C. Balzer, A. Braun, T. Hannemann, C. Paape, M. Ettler, W. Neuhauser, and Chr. Wunderlich, “Electrodynamically trapped Yb+ ions for quantum information processing,” Phys. Rev. A 73, 041407 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. Kulaga, J. Migdalek, and O. Bar, “Transition probabilities and lifetimes in neutral barium,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34, 4775–4784 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. Gulde, D. Rotter, P. Barton, F. Schmidt-Kaler, R. Blatt, and W. Hogervorst, “Simple and efficient photo-ionization of ions for precision ion-trapping experiments,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 73, 861–863 (2001). [CrossRef]
- H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, and R. Blatt, “Quantum computing with trapped ions,” Phys. Rep. 469, 155–203 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Gulde, D. Rotter, P. Barton, F. Schmidt-Kaler, R. Blatt, and W. Hogervorst, “Simple and efficient photo-ionization of ions for precision ion-trapping experiments,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 73, 861–863 (2001). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. Balzer, A. Braun, T. Hannemann, C. Paape, M. Ettler, W. Neuhauser, and Chr. Wunderlich, “Electrodynamically trapped Yb+ ions for quantum information processing,” Phys. Rev. A 73, 041407 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Brownnutt, V. Letchumanan, G. Wilpers, R. C. Thompson, P. Gill, and A. G. Sinclair, “Controlled photoionization loading of 88Sr+ for precision ion-trap experiments,” Appl. Phys. B 87, 411–415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. Wendt, S. A. Ahmad, F. Buchinger, A. C. Mueller, R. Neugart, and E. W. Otten, “Relativistic J-dependence of the isotope shift in the 6s – 6p doublet of Ba II,” Z. Phys. A 318, 125–129 (1984). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Steele, L. R. Churchill, P. F. Griffin, and M. S. Chapman, “Photoionization and photoelectric loading of barium ion traps,” Phys. Rev. A 75, 053404 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Steele, L. R. Churchill, P. F. Griffin, and M. S. Chapman, “Photoionization and photoelectric loading of barium ion traps,” Phys. Rev. A 75, 053404 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. T. H. Fisk, M. J. Sellars, M. A. Lawn, and C. Coles, “Performance of a prototype microwave frequency standard based on laser-detected trapped 171Yb+ ions,” Appl. Phys. B 60, 519–527 (1995). [CrossRef]
- P. Herskind, A. Dantan, J. P. Marler, M. Albert, and M. Drewsen, “Realization of collective strong coupling with ion Coulomb crystals in an optical cavity,” Nat. Phys. 5, 494–498 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. G. DeVoe and C. Kurtsiefer, “Experimental study of anomalous heating and trap instabilities in a microscopic 137Ba ion trap,” Phys. Rev. A 65, 063407 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Herskind, A. Dantan, J. P. Marler, M. Albert, and M. Drewsen, “Realization of collective strong coupling with ion Coulomb crystals in an optical cavity,” Nat. Phys. 5, 494–498 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Mortensen, J. J. T. Lindballe, I. S. Jensen, P. Staanum, D. Voigt, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope shifts of the 4s21S0 → 4s5p1P1 transition and hyperfine splitting of the 4s5p1P1 state in calcium,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 042502 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. N. Madsen, S. Balslev, M. Drewsen, N. Kjærgaard, Z. Videsen, and J. W. Thomsen, “Measurements on photoionization of 3s3p1P1 magnesium atoms,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33, 4981–4988 (2000). [CrossRef]
- N. Kjærgaard, L. Hornekaer, A. M. Thommesen, Z. Videsen, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope selective loading of an ion trap using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 71, 207–210 (2000). [CrossRef]
- V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, “Atomic optical clocks and search for variation of the fine-structure constant,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 034502 (2000). [CrossRef]
- C. Schuck, M. Almendros, F. Rohde, M. Hennrich, and J. Eschner, “Two-color photoionization of calcium using SHG and LED light,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 765–771 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Balzer, A. Braun, T. Hannemann, C. Paape, M. Ettler, W. Neuhauser, and Chr. Wunderlich, “Electrodynamically trapped Yb+ ions for quantum information processing,” Phys. Rev. A 73, 041407 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. T. H. Fisk, M. J. Sellars, M. A. Lawn, and C. Coles, “Performance of a prototype microwave frequency standard based on laser-detected trapped 171Yb+ ions,” Appl. Phys. B 60, 519–527 (1995). [CrossRef]
- V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, “Atomic optical clocks and search for variation of the fine-structure constant,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 034502 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Brownnutt, V. Letchumanan, G. Wilpers, R. C. Thompson, P. Gill, and A. G. Sinclair, “Controlled photoionization loading of 88Sr+ for precision ion-trap experiments,” Appl. Phys. B 87, 411–415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Steele, L. R. Churchill, P. F. Griffin, and M. S. Chapman, “Photoionization and photoelectric loading of barium ion traps,” Phys. Rev. A 75, 053404 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. Grundevik, M. Gustavsson, G. Olsson, and T. Olsson, “Hyperfine-structure and isotope-shift measurements in the 6s5d ↔ 6p5d transitions of Ba I in the far-red spectral region,” Z. Phys. A: Hadrons Nucl. 312, 1–9 (1983).
- S. Gulde, D. Rotter, P. Barton, F. Schmidt-Kaler, R. Blatt, and W. Hogervorst, “Simple and efficient photo-ionization of ions for precision ion-trapping experiments,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 73, 861–863 (2001). [CrossRef]
- P. Grundevik, M. Gustavsson, G. Olsson, and T. Olsson, “Hyperfine-structure and isotope-shift measurements in the 6s5d ↔ 6p5d transitions of Ba I in the far-red spectral region,” Z. Phys. A: Hadrons Nucl. 312, 1–9 (1983).
- H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, and R. Blatt, “Quantum computing with trapped ions,” Phys. Rep. 469, 155–203 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- C. Balzer, A. Braun, T. Hannemann, C. Paape, M. Ettler, W. Neuhauser, and Chr. Wunderlich, “Electrodynamically trapped Yb+ ions for quantum information processing,” Phys. Rev. A 73, 041407 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Villemoes, A. Arnesen, F. Heijkenskjöld, and A. Wännström, “Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of 134–138Ba II by fast ion beam-laser spectroscopy,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26, 4289–4299 (1993). [CrossRef]
- C. Schuck, M. Almendros, F. Rohde, M. Hennrich, and J. Eschner, “Two-color photoionization of calcium using SHG and LED light,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 765–771 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. Herskind, A. Dantan, J. P. Marler, M. Albert, and M. Drewsen, “Realization of collective strong coupling with ion Coulomb crystals in an optical cavity,” Nat. Phys. 5, 494–498 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Gulde, D. Rotter, P. Barton, F. Schmidt-Kaler, R. Blatt, and W. Hogervorst, “Simple and efficient photo-ionization of ions for precision ion-trapping experiments,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 73, 861–863 (2001). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
- N. Kjærgaard, L. Hornekaer, A. M. Thommesen, Z. Videsen, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope selective loading of an ion trap using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 71, 207–210 (2000). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. S. Hurst, M. G. Payne, S. D. Kramer, and J. P. Young, “Resonance ionization spectroscopy and one-atom detection,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 767–819 (1979). [CrossRef]
- Q. A. Turchette, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, D. M. Meekhof, C. J. Myatt, M. A. Rowe, C. A. Sackett, C. S. Wood, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland, “Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000). [CrossRef]
- A. Mortensen, J. J. T. Lindballe, I. S. Jensen, P. Staanum, D. Voigt, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope shifts of the 4s21S0 → 4s5p1P1 transition and hyperfine splitting of the 4s5p1P1 state in calcium,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 042502 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Kalyar, M. Rafiq, Sami-ul-Haq, and M. A. Baig, “Absolute photoionization cross section from the 6s6p1,3P1 excited states of barium,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40, 2307–2319 (2007). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Q. A. Turchette, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, D. M. Meekhof, C. J. Myatt, M. A. Rowe, C. A. Sackett, C. S. Wood, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland, “Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q. A. Turchette, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, D. M. Meekhof, C. J. Myatt, M. A. Rowe, C. A. Sackett, C. S. Wood, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland, “Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. N. Madsen, S. Balslev, M. Drewsen, N. Kjærgaard, Z. Videsen, and J. W. Thomsen, “Measurements on photoionization of 3s3p1P1 magnesium atoms,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33, 4981–4988 (2000). [CrossRef]
- N. Kjærgaard, L. Hornekaer, A. M. Thommesen, Z. Videsen, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope selective loading of an ion trap using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 71, 207–210 (2000). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. S. Hurst, M. G. Payne, S. D. Kramer, and J. P. Young, “Resonance ionization spectroscopy and one-atom detection,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 767–819 (1979). [CrossRef]
- D. Kulaga, J. Migdalek, and O. Bar, “Transition probabilities and lifetimes in neutral barium,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34, 4775–4784 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. G. DeVoe and C. Kurtsiefer, “Experimental study of anomalous heating and trap instabilities in a microscopic 137Ba ion trap,” Phys. Rev. A 65, 063407 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. T. H. Fisk, M. J. Sellars, M. A. Lawn, and C. Coles, “Performance of a prototype microwave frequency standard based on laser-detected trapped 171Yb+ ions,” Appl. Phys. B 60, 519–527 (1995). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- D. N. Madsen, S. Balslev, M. Drewsen, N. Kjærgaard, Z. Videsen, and J. W. Thomsen, “Measurements on photoionization of 3s3p1P1 magnesium atoms,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33, 4981–4988 (2000). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- U. Tanaka, H Matsunishi, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Isotope-selective trapping of rare calcium ions using high-power incoherent light sources for the second step of photo-ionization,” Appl. Phys. B 81, 795–799 (2005). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
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- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- U. Tanaka, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Selective loading and laser cooling of rare calcium isotope 43Ca+,” Appl. Phys. B 89, 195–200 (2007). [CrossRef]
- U. Tanaka, H Matsunishi, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Isotope-selective trapping of rare calcium ions using high-power incoherent light sources for the second step of photo-ionization,” Appl. Phys. B 81, 795–799 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- K. Wendt, S. A. Ahmad, F. Buchinger, A. C. Mueller, R. Neugart, and E. W. Otten, “Relativistic J-dependence of the isotope shift in the 6s – 6p doublet of Ba II,” Z. Phys. A 318, 125–129 (1984). [CrossRef]
- C. Balzer, A. Braun, T. Hannemann, C. Paape, M. Ettler, W. Neuhauser, and Chr. Wunderlich, “Electrodynamically trapped Yb+ ions for quantum information processing,” Phys. Rev. A 73, 041407 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- J. D. Prestage, R. L. Tjoelker, and L. Maleki, “Atomic clocks and variations of the fine structure constant,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3511–3514 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. Kalyar, M. Rafiq, Sami-ul-Haq, and M. A. Baig, “Absolute photoionization cross section from the 6s6p1,3P1 excited states of barium,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40, 2307–2319 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
- C. Schuck, M. Almendros, F. Rohde, M. Hennrich, and J. Eschner, “Two-color photoionization of calcium using SHG and LED light,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 765–771 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, and R. Blatt, “Quantum computing with trapped ions,” Phys. Rep. 469, 155–203 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Gulde, D. Rotter, P. Barton, F. Schmidt-Kaler, R. Blatt, and W. Hogervorst, “Simple and efficient photo-ionization of ions for precision ion-trapping experiments,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 73, 861–863 (2001). [CrossRef]
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- Q. A. Turchette, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, D. M. Meekhof, C. J. Myatt, M. A. Rowe, C. A. Sackett, C. S. Wood, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland, “Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Kalyar, M. Rafiq, Sami-ul-Haq, and M. A. Baig, “Absolute photoionization cross section from the 6s6p1,3P1 excited states of barium,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40, 2307–2319 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Gulde, D. Rotter, P. Barton, F. Schmidt-Kaler, R. Blatt, and W. Hogervorst, “Simple and efficient photo-ionization of ions for precision ion-trapping experiments,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 73, 861–863 (2001). [CrossRef]
- C. Schuck, M. Almendros, F. Rohde, M. Hennrich, and J. Eschner, “Two-color photoionization of calcium using SHG and LED light,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 765–771 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. T. H. Fisk, M. J. Sellars, M. A. Lawn, and C. Coles, “Performance of a prototype microwave frequency standard based on laser-detected trapped 171Yb+ ions,” Appl. Phys. B 60, 519–527 (1995). [CrossRef]
- M. Brownnutt, V. Letchumanan, G. Wilpers, R. C. Thompson, P. Gill, and A. G. Sinclair, “Controlled photoionization loading of 88Sr+ for precision ion-trap experiments,” Appl. Phys. B 87, 411–415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Mortensen, J. J. T. Lindballe, I. S. Jensen, P. Staanum, D. Voigt, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope shifts of the 4s21S0 → 4s5p1P1 transition and hyperfine splitting of the 4s5p1P1 state in calcium,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 042502 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
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- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- U. Tanaka, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Selective loading and laser cooling of rare calcium isotope 43Ca+,” Appl. Phys. B 89, 195–200 (2007). [CrossRef]
- U. Tanaka, H Matsunishi, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Isotope-selective trapping of rare calcium ions using high-power incoherent light sources for the second step of photo-ionization,” Appl. Phys. B 81, 795–799 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Kjærgaard, L. Hornekaer, A. M. Thommesen, Z. Videsen, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope selective loading of an ion trap using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 71, 207–210 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Brownnutt, V. Letchumanan, G. Wilpers, R. C. Thompson, P. Gill, and A. G. Sinclair, “Controlled photoionization loading of 88Sr+ for precision ion-trap experiments,” Appl. Phys. B 87, 411–415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. N. Madsen, S. Balslev, M. Drewsen, N. Kjærgaard, Z. Videsen, and J. W. Thomsen, “Measurements on photoionization of 3s3p1P1 magnesium atoms,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33, 4981–4988 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. D. Prestage, R. L. Tjoelker, and L. Maleki, “Atomic clocks and variations of the fine structure constant,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3511–3514 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. A. Turchette, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, D. M. Meekhof, C. J. Myatt, M. A. Rowe, C. A. Sackett, C. S. Wood, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland, “Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000). [CrossRef]
- U. Tanaka, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Selective loading and laser cooling of rare calcium isotope 43Ca+,” Appl. Phys. B 89, 195–200 (2007). [CrossRef]
- U. Tanaka, H Matsunishi, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Isotope-selective trapping of rare calcium ions using high-power incoherent light sources for the second step of photo-ionization,” Appl. Phys. B 81, 795–799 (2005). [CrossRef]
- N. Kjærgaard, L. Hornekaer, A. M. Thommesen, Z. Videsen, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope selective loading of an ion trap using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 71, 207–210 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. N. Madsen, S. Balslev, M. Drewsen, N. Kjærgaard, Z. Videsen, and J. W. Thomsen, “Measurements on photoionization of 3s3p1P1 magnesium atoms,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33, 4981–4988 (2000). [CrossRef]
- P. Villemoes, A. Arnesen, F. Heijkenskjöld, and A. Wännström, “Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of 134–138Ba II by fast ion beam-laser spectroscopy,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26, 4289–4299 (1993). [CrossRef]
- A. Mortensen, J. J. T. Lindballe, I. S. Jensen, P. Staanum, D. Voigt, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope shifts of the 4s21S0 → 4s5p1P1 transition and hyperfine splitting of the 4s5p1P1 state in calcium,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 042502 (2004). [CrossRef]
- P. Villemoes, A. Arnesen, F. Heijkenskjöld, and A. Wännström, “Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of 134–138Ba II by fast ion beam-laser spectroscopy,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26, 4289–4299 (1993). [CrossRef]
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
- K. Wendt, S. A. Ahmad, F. Buchinger, A. C. Mueller, R. Neugart, and E. W. Otten, “Relativistic J-dependence of the isotope shift in the 6s – 6p doublet of Ba II,” Z. Phys. A 318, 125–129 (1984). [CrossRef]
- M. Brownnutt, V. Letchumanan, G. Wilpers, R. C. Thompson, P. Gill, and A. G. Sinclair, “Controlled photoionization loading of 88Sr+ for precision ion-trap experiments,” Appl. Phys. B 87, 411–415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. A. Turchette, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, D. M. Meekhof, C. J. Myatt, M. A. Rowe, C. A. Sackett, C. S. Wood, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland, “Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000). [CrossRef]
- Q. A. Turchette, D. Kielpinski, B. E. King, D. Leibfried, D. M. Meekhof, C. J. Myatt, M. A. Rowe, C. A. Sackett, C. S. Wood, W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland, “Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 063418 (2000). [CrossRef]
- C. Balzer, A. Braun, T. Hannemann, C. Paape, M. Ettler, W. Neuhauser, and Chr. Wunderlich, “Electrodynamically trapped Yb+ ions for quantum information processing,” Phys. Rev. A 73, 041407 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. S. Hurst, M. G. Payne, S. D. Kramer, and J. P. Young, “Resonance ionization spectroscopy and one-atom detection,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 767–819 (1979). [CrossRef]
- L. Deslauriers, M. Acton, B. B. Blinov, K.-A. Brickman, P. C. Haljan, W. K. Hensinger, D. Hucul, S. Katnik, R. N. Kohn, P. J. Lee, M. J. Madsen, P. Maunz, S. Olmschenk, D. L. Moehring, D. Stick, J. Sterk, M. Yeo, K. C. Younge, and C. Monroe, “Efficient photoionization loading of trapped ions with ultrafast pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 063421 (2006). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. B
- P. T. H. Fisk, M. J. Sellars, M. A. Lawn, and C. Coles, “Performance of a prototype microwave frequency standard based on laser-detected trapped 171Yb+ ions,” Appl. Phys. B 60, 519–527 (1995). [CrossRef]
- U. Tanaka, H Matsunishi, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Isotope-selective trapping of rare calcium ions using high-power incoherent light sources for the second step of photo-ionization,” Appl. Phys. B 81, 795–799 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. Schuck, M. Almendros, F. Rohde, M. Hennrich, and J. Eschner, “Two-color photoionization of calcium using SHG and LED light,” Appl. Phys. B 100, 765–771 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Brownnutt, V. Letchumanan, G. Wilpers, R. C. Thompson, P. Gill, and A. G. Sinclair, “Controlled photoionization loading of 88Sr+ for precision ion-trap experiments,” Appl. Phys. B 87, 411–415 (2007). [CrossRef]
- U. Tanaka, I. Morita, and S. Urabe, “Selective loading and laser cooling of rare calcium isotope 43Ca+,” Appl. Phys. B 89, 195–200 (2007). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt.
- N. Kjærgaard, L. Hornekaer, A. M. Thommesen, Z. Videsen, and M. Drewsen, “Isotope selective loading of an ion trap using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 71, 207–210 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Gulde, D. Rotter, P. Barton, F. Schmidt-Kaler, R. Blatt, and W. Hogervorst, “Simple and efficient photo-ionization of ions for precision ion-trapping experiments,” Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 73, 861–863 (2001). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
- D. N. Madsen, S. Balslev, M. Drewsen, N. Kjærgaard, Z. Videsen, and J. W. Thomsen, “Measurements on photoionization of 3s3p1P1 magnesium atoms,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33, 4981–4988 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. A. Kalyar, M. Rafiq, Sami-ul-Haq, and M. A. Baig, “Absolute photoionization cross section from the 6s6p1,3P1 excited states of barium,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40, 2307–2319 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Kulaga, J. Migdalek, and O. Bar, “Transition probabilities and lifetimes in neutral barium,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34, 4775–4784 (2001). [CrossRef]
- P. Villemoes, A. Arnesen, F. Heijkenskjöld, and A. Wännström, “Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of 134–138Ba II by fast ion beam-laser spectroscopy,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26, 4289–4299 (1993). [CrossRef]
Nat. Phys.
- P. Herskind, A. Dantan, J. P. Marler, M. Albert, and M. Drewsen, “Realization of collective strong coupling with ion Coulomb crystals in an optical cavity,” Nat. Phys. 5, 494–498 (2009). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rep.
- H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, and R. Blatt, “Quantum computing with trapped ions,” Phys. Rep. 469, 155–203 (2008). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. A
- D. M. Lucas, A. Ramos, J. P. Home, M. J. McDonnell, S. Nakayama, J. P. Stacey, S. C. Webster, D. N. Stacey, and A. M. Steane, “Isotope-selective photoionization for calcium ion trapping,” Phys. Rev. A 69, 012711 (2004). [CrossRef]
- V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, “Atomic optical clocks and search for variation of the fine-structure constant,” Phys. Rev. A 61, 034502 (2000). [CrossRef]
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