Experimental and numerical analysis on temporal dynamics of polarization switching in an injection-locked 1.55-μm wavelength VCSEL

doi:10.1364/OE.19.016934

Experimental and numerical analysis on temporal dynamics of polarization switching in an injection-locked 1.55-μm wavelength VCSEL

Vijay Manohar Deshmukh, Seoung Hun Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Kyong Hon Kim, and Min Hee Lee »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 18, pp. 16934-16949 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.016934

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Abstract

We present experimental and numerical study of temporal characteristics of injection-locked polarization switching of a conventional-type 1.55-μm wavelength single-mode vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Delayed recovery response of the main-mode of the VCSEL was observed when short and strong optical injection pulses of an orthogonal polarization to the VCSEL’s main polarization-mode were applied. Numerical analysis based on a spin-flip model describes that the relatively long upper level lifetimes compared to a short injection-pulse width and long cavity photon lifetimes cause delayed recovery response of the main-mode of the VCSEL. An optimum bias current of the VCSEL was also observed for the shortest recovery time of its free-running polarization mode after the orthogonal polarization beam pulse injection.

OCIS Codes
(140.3520) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, injection-locked
(140.7260) Lasers and laser optics : Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: June 21, 2011
Revised Manuscript: August 2, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: August 11, 2011
Published: August 15, 2011

Citation
Vijay Manohar Deshmukh, Seoung Hun Lee, Dong Wook Kim, Kyong Hon Kim, and Min Hee Lee, "Experimental and numerical analysis on temporal dynamics of polarization switching in an injection-locked 1.55-μm wavelength VCSEL," Opt. Express 19, 16934-16949 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-18-16934

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References

M. San Miguel, Q. Feng, and J. Moloney, “Light-polarization dynamics in surface-emitting semiconductor lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 52(2), 1728–1739 (1995). [CrossRef]
W. L. Zhang, W. Pan, B. Luo, M. Y. Wang, and X. H. Zou, “Polarization switching and hysteresis of VCSELs with time-varying optical injection,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(3), 889–894 (2008). [CrossRef]
J. Martin-Regalado, F. Prati, M. San Miguel, and N. B. Abraham, “Polarization properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(5), 765–783 (1997). [CrossRef]
A. Dyson and M. J. Adams, “Spin-polarized properties of optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” J. Opt. B Quantum Semiclassical Opt. 5(3), 222–226 (2003). [CrossRef]
A. Gahl, S. Balle, and M. S. Miguel, “Polarization dynamics of optically pumped VCSELs,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(3), 342–351 (1999). [CrossRef]
Y. Hong, R. Ju, P. S. Spencer, and K. A. Shore, “Investigation of polarization bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subjected to optical feedback,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41(5), 619–624 (2005). [CrossRef]
M. Sciamanna and K. Panajotov, “Route to polarization switching induced by optical injection in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 73(2), 023811 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. Danckaert, B. Nagler, J. Albert, K. Panajotov, I. Veretennicoff, and T. Erneux, “Minimal rate equations describing polarization switching in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Opt. Commun. 201(1-3), 129–137 (2002). [CrossRef]
I. Gatare, K. Panajotov, and M. Sciamanna, “Frequency induced polarization bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection,” Phys. Rev. A 75(2), 023804 (2007). [CrossRef]
S. Hallstein, J. D. Berger, M. Hilpert, H. C. Schneider, W. W. Rűhle, F. Jahnke, S. W. Koch, H. M. Gibbs, G. Khitrova, and M. Oestreich, “Manifestation of coherent spin precession in stimulated semiconductor emission dynamics,” Phys. Rev. B 56(12), R7076–R7079 (1997). [CrossRef]
K. H. Jeong, K. H. Kim, S. H. Lee, M. H. Lee, B. S. Yoo, and K. A. Shore, “Optical injection-induced polarization switching dynamics in 1.5-μm wavelength single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(10), 779–781 (2008). [CrossRef]
S. H. Lee, H. W. Jung, K. H. Kim, M. H. Lee, B.-S. Yoo, J. Roh, and K. A. Shore, “1-GHz all-optical flip-flop operation of conventional cylindrical-shaped single-mode VCSELs under low power optical injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(23), 1759–1761 (2010). [CrossRef]
A. E. Siegman, Lasers (Univ. Sci. Books, 1986), Chaps. 25 and 13.
J.-H. Shin, B.-S. Yoo, W.-S. Han, O.-K. Kwon, Y.-G. Ju, and J.-H. Lee, “CW operation and threshold characteristics of all-monolithic InAlGaAs 1.55-μm VCSELs grown by MOCVD,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1031–1033 (2002). [CrossRef]
M.-R. Park, O.-K. Kwon, W.-S. Han, K.-H. Lee, S.-J. Park, and B.-S. Yoo, “All-monolithic 1.55 µm InAlGaAs/InP vertical cavity surface emitting lasers grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(1), L8–L10 (2006). [CrossRef]

Abraham, N. B.
Adams, M. J.
Albert, J.
Balle, S.
Berger, J. D.
Danckaert, J.
Dyson, A.
Erneux, T.
Feng, Q.
Gahl, A.
Gatare, I.
Gibbs, H. M.
Hallstein, S.
Han, W.-S.
Hilpert, M.
Hong, Y.
Jahnke, F.
Jeong, K. H.
Ju, R.
Ju, Y.-G.
Jung, H. W.
Khitrova, G.
Kim, K. H.
Koch, S. W.
Kwon, O.-K.
Lee, J.-H.
Lee, K.-H.
Lee, M. H.
Lee, S. H.
Luo, B.
Martin-Regalado, J.
Miguel, M. S.
Moloney, J.
Nagler, B.
Oestreich, M.
Pan, W.
Panajotov, K.
Park, M.-R.
Park, S.-J.
Prati, F.
Roh, J.
Ruhle, W. W.
San Miguel, M.
Schneider, H. C.
Sciamanna, M.
Shin, J.-H.
Shore, K. A.
Spencer, P. S.
Veretennicoff, I.
Wang, M. Y.
Yoo, B. S.
Yoo, B.-S.
Zhang, W. L.
Zou, X. H.

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

J. Martin-Regalado, F. Prati, M. San Miguel, and N. B. Abraham, “Polarization properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(5), 765–783 (1997). [CrossRef]
A. Gahl, S. Balle, and M. S. Miguel, “Polarization dynamics of optically pumped VCSELs,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35(3), 342–351 (1999). [CrossRef]
Y. Hong, R. Ju, P. S. Spencer, and K. A. Shore, “Investigation of polarization bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subjected to optical feedback,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41(5), 619–624 (2005). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

W. L. Zhang, W. Pan, B. Luo, M. Y. Wang, and X. H. Zou, “Polarization switching and hysteresis of VCSELs with time-varying optical injection,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14(3), 889–894 (2008). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

K. H. Jeong, K. H. Kim, S. H. Lee, M. H. Lee, B. S. Yoo, and K. A. Shore, “Optical injection-induced polarization switching dynamics in 1.5-μm wavelength single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(10), 779–781 (2008). [CrossRef]
S. H. Lee, H. W. Jung, K. H. Kim, M. H. Lee, B.-S. Yoo, J. Roh, and K. A. Shore, “1-GHz all-optical flip-flop operation of conventional cylindrical-shaped single-mode VCSELs under low power optical injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(23), 1759–1761 (2010). [CrossRef]
J.-H. Shin, B.-S. Yoo, W.-S. Han, O.-K. Kwon, Y.-G. Ju, and J.-H. Lee, “CW operation and threshold characteristics of all-monolithic InAlGaAs 1.55-μm VCSELs grown by MOCVD,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1031–1033 (2002). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. B Quantum Semiclassical Opt.

A. Dyson and M. J. Adams, “Spin-polarized properties of optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” J. Opt. B Quantum Semiclassical Opt. 5(3), 222–226 (2003). [CrossRef]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

M.-R. Park, O.-K. Kwon, W.-S. Han, K.-H. Lee, S.-J. Park, and B.-S. Yoo, “All-monolithic 1.55 µm InAlGaAs/InP vertical cavity surface emitting lasers grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(1), L8–L10 (2006). [CrossRef]

Opt. Commun.

J. Danckaert, B. Nagler, J. Albert, K. Panajotov, I. Veretennicoff, and T. Erneux, “Minimal rate equations describing polarization switching in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Opt. Commun. 201(1-3), 129–137 (2002). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. A

I. Gatare, K. Panajotov, and M. Sciamanna, “Frequency induced polarization bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection,” Phys. Rev. A 75(2), 023804 (2007). [CrossRef]
M. Sciamanna and K. Panajotov, “Route to polarization switching induced by optical injection in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 73(2), 023811 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. San Miguel, Q. Feng, and J. Moloney, “Light-polarization dynamics in surface-emitting semiconductor lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 52(2), 1728–1739 (1995). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

S. Hallstein, J. D. Berger, M. Hilpert, H. C. Schneider, W. W. Rűhle, F. Jahnke, S. W. Koch, H. M. Gibbs, G. Khitrova, and M. Oestreich, “Manifestation of coherent spin precession in stimulated semiconductor emission dynamics,” Phys. Rev. B 56(12), R7076–R7079 (1997). [CrossRef]

Other

A. E. Siegman, Lasers (Univ. Sci. Books, 1986), Chaps. 25 and 13.

2010, Lee, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
2008, Jeong, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
2008, Zhang, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
2007, Gatare, Phys. Rev. A
2006, Park, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
2006, Sciamanna, Phys. Rev. A
2005, Hong, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
2003, Dyson, J. Opt. B Quantum Semiclassical Opt.
2002, Danckaert, Opt. Commun.
2002, Shin, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
1999, Gahl, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
1997, Martin-Regalado, IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
1997, Hallstein, Phys. Rev. B
1995, San Miguel, Phys. Rev. A

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