Single-cycle radio-frequency pulse generation by an optoelectronic oscillator

doi:10.1364/OE.19.017599

Single-cycle radio-frequency pulse generation by an optoelectronic oscillator

Etgar C. Levy and Moshe Horowitz »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 18, pp. 17599-17608 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.017599

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Abstract

We demonstrate experimentally passive mode-locking of an optoelectronic oscillator which generates a single-cycle radio-frequency pulse train. The measured pulse to pulse jitter was less than 5 ppm of the round-trip duration. The pulse waveform was repeated each round-trip. This result indicates that the relative phase between the pulse envelope and the carrier wave is autonomously locked. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that single-cycle pulses can be directly generated by a passive mode-locked oscillator. The passive mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator is important for developing novel radars and radio-frequency pulsed sources and it enables studying directly the physics of single-cycle pulse generation.

OCIS Codes
(140.4050) Lasers and laser optics : Mode-locked lasers
(230.0250) Optical devices : Optoelectronics
(230.4910) Optical devices : Oscillators
(320.5550) Ultrafast optics : Pulses

ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics

History
Original Manuscript: May 31, 2011
Revised Manuscript: July 12, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: July 22, 2011
Published: August 23, 2011

Citation
Etgar C. Levy and Moshe Horowitz, "Single-cycle radio-frequency pulse generation by an optoelectronic oscillator," Opt. Express 19, 17599-17608 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-18-17599

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References

A. J. DeMaria, D. A. Stetsen, and H. Heyman, “Experimental study of mode-locked Ruby laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 8, 22 (1966). [CrossRef]
C. V. Shank and E. P. Ippen, “Subpicosecond kilowatt pulses from a mode-locked cw dye laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 24, 373–375 (1974). [CrossRef]
S. Namiki, X. Yu, and H. A. Haus, “Observation of nearly quantum-limited timing jitter in an all-fiber ring laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 2817–2823 (1996). [CrossRef]
H. A. Haus, “Theory of mode locking with a fast saturable absorber,” J. Appl. Phys. 46, 3049–3058 (1975). [CrossRef]
U. Morgner, F. X. Kärtner, S. H. Cho, Y. Chen, H. A. Haus, J. G. Fujimoto, E. P. Ippen, V. Scheuer, G. Angelow, and T. Tschudi, “Sub-two-cycle pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser,” Opt. Lett. 24, 411–413 (1999). [CrossRef]
D. H. Sutter, G. Steinmeyer, L. Gallmann, N. Matuschek, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Keller, V. Scheuer, G. Angelow, and T. Tschudi, “Semiconductor saturable-absorber mirrorassisted Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser producing pulses in the two-cycle regime,” Opt. Lett. 24, 631–633 (1999). [CrossRef]
S. Rausch, T. Binhammer, A. Harth, F. X. Kärtner, and U. Morgner, “Controlled waveforms on the single-cycle scale from a femtosecond oscillator,” Opt. Express 16, 17410–17419 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Y. Shverdin, D. R. Walker, D. D. Yavuz, G. Y. Yin, and S. E. Harris, “Generation of a single-cycle optical pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 033904 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
E. Goulielmakis, M. Schultze, M. Hofstetter, V. S. Yakovlev, J. Gagnon, M. Uiberacker, A. L. Aquila, E. M. Gullikson, D. T. Attwood, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Kleineberg, “Single-cycle nonlinear optics,” Science 320, 1614–1617 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Krauss, S. Lohss, T. Hanke, A Sell, S. Eggert, R. Huber, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Synthesis of a single cycle of light with compact erbium-doped fibre technology,” Nat. Photonics 4, 33–36 (2010). [CrossRef]
X. S. Yao and L. Maleki, “Optoelectronic microwave oscillator,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1725–1735 (1996). [CrossRef]
N. Yu, E. Salik, and L. Maleki, “Ultralow-noise mode-locked laser with coupled optoelectronic oscillator configuration,” Opt. Lett. 15, 1231–1233 (1995).
J. Lasri, A. Bilenca, D. Dahan, V. Sidorov, G. Eisenstein, D. Ritter, and K. Yvind, “Self-starting hybrid optoelectronic oscillator generating ultra low jitter 10-GHz optical pulses and low phase noise electrical signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 1004–1006 (2002). [CrossRef]
Y. K. Chembo, A. Hmima, P. Lacourt, L. Larger, and J. M. Dudley, “Generation of ultralow jitter optical pulses using optoelectronic oscillators with time-lens soliton-assisted compression,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 5160–5167 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Lasri, P. Devgan, R. Tang, and P. Kumar, “Self-starting optoelectronic oscillator for generating ultra-low-jitter high-rate (10 GHz or higher) optical pulses,” Opt. Express 11, 1430–1435 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. F. Kardo-Sysoev, “New power semiconuctor Devices for generation of nano- and subnanosecond pulses,” in Ultra-wideband radar technology , J. D. Taylor Ed. (CRC, 2001), ch. 9.
M. H. Khan, H. Shen, Y. Xuan, L. Zhao, S. Xiao, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, and M. Qi, “Ultrabroad-bandwidth arbitrary radiofrequency waveform generation with a silicon photonic chip-based spectral shaper,” Nat. Photonics 4, 117–122 (2010). [CrossRef]
C. C. Cutler, “The regenerative pulse generator,” Proc. IRE, 43, 140–148 (1955). [CrossRef]
D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Yao, F. Zeng, and Q. Wang, “Photonic generation of ultrawideband signals,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3219–3235 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Li, Y. Liang, and K. Kin-Yip Wong, “Millimeter-wave UWB signal generation via frequency up-conversion using fiber optical parametric amplifier,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 1172–1174 (2009). [CrossRef]
F. Zhang, J. Wu, S. Fu, K. Xu, Y. Li, X. Hong, P. Shum, and J. Lin “Simultaneous multi-channel CMW-band and MMW-band UWB monocycle pulse generation using FWM effect in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Express 17, 15870–15875 (2010). [CrossRef]
H. A. Haus and A. Mecozzi, “Noise of mode-locked lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 983–996 (1993). [CrossRef]
M. E. Grein, H. A. Haus, Y. Chen, and E. P. Ippen, “Quantum-limited timing jitter in actively modelocked lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 1458–1470 (2004). [CrossRef]
V. S. Grigoryan, C. R. Menyuk, and R.-M. Mu “Calculation of timing and amplitude jitter in dispersion-managed optical fiber communications using linearization,” J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1347–1356 (1999). [CrossRef]
M. I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems , 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1981), pp. 553–560.

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[1] A. J. DeMaria, D. A. Stetsen, and H. Heyman, “Experimental study of mode-locked Ruby laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 8, 22 (1966). [CrossRef]

[2] C. V. Shank and E. P. Ippen, “Subpicosecond kilowatt pulses from a mode-locked cw dye laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 24, 373–375 (1974). [CrossRef]

[3] S. Namiki, X. Yu, and H. A. Haus, “Observation of nearly quantum-limited timing jitter in an all-fiber ring laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 2817–2823 (1996). [CrossRef]

[4] H. A. Haus, “Theory of mode locking with a fast saturable absorber,” J. Appl. Phys. 46, 3049–3058 (1975). [CrossRef]

[5] U. Morgner, F. X. Kärtner, S. H. Cho, Y. Chen, H. A. Haus, J. G. Fujimoto, E. P. Ippen, V. Scheuer, G. Angelow, and T. Tschudi, “Sub-two-cycle pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser,” Opt. Lett. 24, 411–413 (1999). [CrossRef]

[6] D. H. Sutter, G. Steinmeyer, L. Gallmann, N. Matuschek, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Keller, V. Scheuer, G. Angelow, and T. Tschudi, “Semiconductor saturable-absorber mirrorassisted Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser producing pulses in the two-cycle regime,” Opt. Lett. 24, 631–633 (1999). [CrossRef]

[7] S. Rausch, T. Binhammer, A. Harth, F. X. Kärtner, and U. Morgner, “Controlled waveforms on the single-cycle scale from a femtosecond oscillator,” Opt. Express 16, 17410–17419 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] M. Y. Shverdin, D. R. Walker, D. D. Yavuz, G. Y. Yin, and S. E. Harris, “Generation of a single-cycle optical pulse,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 033904 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] E. Goulielmakis, M. Schultze, M. Hofstetter, V. S. Yakovlev, J. Gagnon, M. Uiberacker, A. L. Aquila, E. M. Gullikson, D. T. Attwood, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, and U. Kleineberg, “Single-cycle nonlinear optics,” Science 320, 1614–1617 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] G. Krauss, S. Lohss, T. Hanke, A Sell, S. Eggert, R. Huber, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Synthesis of a single cycle of light with compact erbium-doped fibre technology,” Nat. Photonics 4, 33–36 (2010). [CrossRef]

[11] X. S. Yao and L. Maleki, “Optoelectronic microwave oscillator,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1725–1735 (1996). [CrossRef]

[12] N. Yu, E. Salik, and L. Maleki, “Ultralow-noise mode-locked laser with coupled optoelectronic oscillator configuration,” Opt. Lett. 15, 1231–1233 (1995).

[13] J. Lasri, A. Bilenca, D. Dahan, V. Sidorov, G. Eisenstein, D. Ritter, and K. Yvind, “Self-starting hybrid optoelectronic oscillator generating ultra low jitter 10-GHz optical pulses and low phase noise electrical signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14, 1004–1006 (2002). [CrossRef]

[14] Y. K. Chembo, A. Hmima, P. Lacourt, L. Larger, and J. M. Dudley, “Generation of ultralow jitter optical pulses using optoelectronic oscillators with time-lens soliton-assisted compression,” J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 5160–5167 (2009). [CrossRef]

[15] J. Lasri, P. Devgan, R. Tang, and P. Kumar, “Self-starting optoelectronic oscillator for generating ultra-low-jitter high-rate (10 GHz or higher) optical pulses,” Opt. Express 11, 1430–1435 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] A. F. Kardo-Sysoev, “New power semiconuctor Devices for generation of nano- and subnanosecond pulses,” in Ultra-wideband radar technology , J. D. Taylor Ed. (CRC, 2001), ch. 9.

[17] M. H. Khan, H. Shen, Y. Xuan, L. Zhao, S. Xiao, D. E. Leaird, A. M. Weiner, and M. Qi, “Ultrabroad-bandwidth arbitrary radiofrequency waveform generation with a silicon photonic chip-based spectral shaper,” Nat. Photonics 4, 117–122 (2010). [CrossRef]

[18] C. C. Cutler, “The regenerative pulse generator,” Proc. IRE, 43, 140–148 (1955). [CrossRef]

[19] D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] J. Yao, F. Zeng, and Q. Wang, “Photonic generation of ultrawideband signals,” J. Lightwave Technol. 25, 3219–3235 (2007). [CrossRef]

[21] J. Li, Y. Liang, and K. Kin-Yip Wong, “Millimeter-wave UWB signal generation via frequency up-conversion using fiber optical parametric amplifier,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 1172–1174 (2009). [CrossRef]

[22] F. Zhang, J. Wu, S. Fu, K. Xu, Y. Li, X. Hong, P. Shum, and J. Lin “Simultaneous multi-channel CMW-band and MMW-band UWB monocycle pulse generation using FWM effect in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Express 17, 15870–15875 (2010). [CrossRef]

[23] H. A. Haus and A. Mecozzi, “Noise of mode-locked lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 983–996 (1993). [CrossRef]

[24] M. E. Grein, H. A. Haus, Y. Chen, and E. P. Ippen, “Quantum-limited timing jitter in actively modelocked lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 1458–1470 (2004). [CrossRef]

[25] V. S. Grigoryan, C. R. Menyuk, and R.-M. Mu “Calculation of timing and amplitude jitter in dispersion-managed optical fiber communications using linearization,” J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1347–1356 (1999). [CrossRef]

[26] M. I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems , 2nd ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1981), pp. 553–560.

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Single-cycle radio-frequency pulse generation by an optoelectronic oscillator