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Enhancement of two photon processes in quantum dots embedded in subwavelength metallic gratingsMoshe G. Harats, Ilai Schwarz, Adiel Zimran, Uri Banin, Gang Chen, and Ronen Rapaport »View Author Affiliations
Moshe G. Harats,1
Ilai Schwarz,1
Adiel Zimran,2
Uri Banin,2
Gang Chen,3
and Ronen Rapaport1,*
1Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel 2Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanothechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel 3Bel Laboratories, Alcatel Lucent, 600 Mountain Ave. Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA *Corresponding author: ronen07@cc.huji.ac.il |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp. 1617-1625 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.001617
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Abstract
We show a large enhancement of two-photon absorption processes in nanocrystal quantum dots and of light upconversion efficiency from the IR to the near-IR spectral regime, using a hybrid optical device in which near-IR emitting InAs quantum dots were embedded on top a metallic nanoslit array. The resonant enhancement of these nonlinear optical processes is due to the strong local electromagnetic field enhancements inside the nanoslit array structure at the extraordinary transmission resonances. A maximal two-photon absorption enhancement of more than 20 was inferred. Different high field regions were identified for different polarizations, which can be used for designing and optimizing efficient nonlinear processes in such hybrid structures. Combining nanocrystal quantum dots with subwavelength metallic nanostructures is therefore a promising way for a range of possible nonlinear optical devices.
© 2011 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(190.7220) Nonlinear optics : Upconversion
(310.6628) Thin films : Subwavelength structures, nanostructures
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: November 18, 2010
Revised Manuscript: December 12, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: December 13, 2010
Published: January 13, 2011
Citation
Moshe G. Harats, Ilai Schwarz, Adiel Zimran, Uri Banin, Gang Chen, and Ronen Rapaport, "Enhancement of two photon processes in quantum dots embedded in subwavelength metallic gratings," Opt. Express 19, 1617-1625 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-2-1617
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References
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- G. Chen, R. Rapaport, D. T. Fuchs, L. Lucas, A. J. Lovinger, S. Vilan, A. Aharoni, and U. Banin, "Optical gain from InAs nanocrystal quantum dots in a polymer matrix," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 251108 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Z. Lin, and J. Vučković, "Enhanced two-photon processes in single quantum dots inside photonic crystal nanocavities," Phys. Rev. B 81, 035301 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vučković, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, "Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device," Nature 419, 594 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Larson, W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, S. W. Clark, M. P. Bruchez, F. W. Wise, and W. W. Webb, "Water-soluble quantum dots for multiphoton fluorescence imaging in vivo," Science 300, 1434-1436 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Michalet, F. F. Pinaud, L. A. Bentolila, J. M. Tsay, S. Doose, J. J. Li, G. Sundaresan, A. M. Wu, S. S. Gambhir, and S. Weiss, "Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics," Science 307, 538-544 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Aouani, S. Itzhakov, D. Gachet, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, D. Oron, and J. Wenger, "Colloidal quantum dots as probes of excitation field enhancement in photonic antennas," ACS Nano 4, 4571-4578 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Lu, Y. L. Ji, G. B. Chen, N. Y. Tang, X. S. Chen, S. C. Shen, Q. X. Zhao, and M. Willander, "Enhancement of room-temperature photoluminescence in InAs quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4300-4302 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Larson, W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, S. W. Clark, M. P. Bruchez, F. W. Wise, and W. W. Webb, "Water-soluble quantum dots for multiphoton fluorescence imaging in vivo," Science 300, 1434-1436 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Larson, W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, S. W. Clark, M. P. Bruchez, F. W. Wise, and W. W. Webb, "Water-soluble quantum dots for multiphoton fluorescence imaging in vivo," Science 300, 1434-1436 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. Kulakovich, N. Strekal, A. Yaroshevich, S. Maskevich, S. Gaponenko, I. Nabiev, U. Woggon, and M. Artemyev, "Enhanced luminescence of CdSe quantum dots on gold colloids," Nano Lett. 2, 1449-1452 (2002). [CrossRef]
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, "Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays," Nature 391, 667-669 (1998). [CrossRef]
- X. Michalet, F. F. Pinaud, L. A. Bentolila, J. M. Tsay, S. Doose, J. J. Li, G. Sundaresan, A. M. Wu, S. S. Gambhir, and S. Weiss, "Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics," Science 307, 538-544 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. A. Wurtz, R. Pollard, and A. V. Zayats, "Optical bistability in nonlinear surface-plasmon polaritonic crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 057402 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Xingsheng, Y. Toshiki, U. Rieko, and O. Akira, "Two-photon excited fluorescence from CdSe quantum dots on SiN photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- V. I. Klimov, A. A. Mikhailovsky, S. Xu, A. Malko, J. A. Hollingsworth, C. A. Leatherdale, H.-J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, "Optical gain and stimulated emission in nanocrystal quantum dots," Science 290, 314-317 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vučković, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, "Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device," Nature 419, 594 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Gao, L. Yang, J. A. Petros, F. F. Marshall, J. W. Simons, and S. Nie, "In vivo molecular and cellular imaging with quantum dots," Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16, 63-72 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. C. Pu, M. J. Yang, C. C. Hsu, C. W. Lai, C. C. Hsieh, S. H. Lin, Y. M. Cheng, and P. T. Chou, "The empirical correlation between size and two-photon absorption cross section of CdSe and CdTe quantum dots," Small 2, 1308-1313 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. Kulakovich, N. Strekal, A. Yaroshevich, S. Maskevich, S. Gaponenko, I. Nabiev, U. Woggon, and M. Artemyev, "Enhanced luminescence of CdSe quantum dots on gold colloids," Nano Lett. 2, 1449-1452 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Hideaki, N. Kenich, O. Ichiro, S. Shigeo, and S. Yoshimasa, "Room-temperature lasing operation of a quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3140-3142 (1996). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Wurtz, R. Pollard, and A. V. Zayats, "Optical bistability in nonlinear surface-plasmon polaritonic crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 057402 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Lu, Y. L. Ji, G. B. Chen, N. Y. Tang, X. S. Chen, S. C. Shen, Q. X. Zhao, and M. Willander, "Enhancement of room-temperature photoluminescence in InAs quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4300-4302 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Larson, W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, S. W. Clark, M. P. Bruchez, F. W. Wise, and W. W. Webb, "Water-soluble quantum dots for multiphoton fluorescence imaging in vivo," Science 300, 1434-1436 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. L. Huffaker, G. Park, Z. Zou, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, "1.3 μm room-temperature GaAs-based quantum-dot laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2564-2566 (1998). [CrossRef]
ACS Nano
- H. Aouani, S. Itzhakov, D. Gachet, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, D. Oron, and J. Wenger, "Colloidal quantum dots as probes of excitation field enhancement in photonic antennas," ACS Nano 4, 4571-4578 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- W. Lu, Y. L. Ji, G. B. Chen, N. Y. Tang, X. S. Chen, S. C. Shen, Q. X. Zhao, and M. Willander, "Enhancement of room-temperature photoluminescence in InAs quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4300-4302 (2003). [CrossRef]
- C. B. Poitras, M. Lipson, H. Du, M. A. Hahn, and T. D. Krauss, "Photoluminescence enhancement of colloidal quantum dots embedded in a monolithic microcavity," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4032-4034 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Hideaki, N. Kenich, O. Ichiro, S. Shigeo, and S. Yoshimasa, "Room-temperature lasing operation of a quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3140-3142 (1996). [CrossRef]
- D. L. Huffaker, G. Park, Z. Zou, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, "1.3 μm room-temperature GaAs-based quantum-dot laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2564-2566 (1998). [CrossRef]
- X. Xingsheng, Y. Toshiki, U. Rieko, and O. Akira, "Two-photon excited fluorescence from CdSe quantum dots on SiN photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Chen, R. Rapaport, D. T. Fuchs, L. Lucas, A. J. Lovinger, S. Vilan, A. Aharoni, and U. Banin, "Optical gain from InAs nanocrystal quantum dots in a polymer matrix," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 251108 (2005). [CrossRef]
Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
- X. Gao, L. Yang, J. A. Petros, F. F. Marshall, J. W. Simons, and S. Nie, "In vivo molecular and cellular imaging with quantum dots," Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16, 63-72 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- Y. Cao, and U. Banin, "Growth and properties of semiconductor core/shell nanocrystals with InAs cores," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 9692-9702 (2000). [CrossRef]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- X. Gao, W. C. W. Chan, and S. Nie, "Quantum-dot nanocrystals for ultrasensitive biological labeling and multicolor optical encoding," J. Biomed. Opt. 7, 532-537 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Opt. A
- E. Moreno, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, "Extraordinary optical transmission without plasmons: the s-polarization case," J. Opt. A 8, S94 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- Y. Yingli, and W. Wei, "Two-photon absorption of quantum dots in the regime of very strong confinement: size and wavelength dependence," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26, 1897-1904 (2009). [CrossRef]
Nano Lett.
- O. Kulakovich, N. Strekal, A. Yaroshevich, S. Maskevich, S. Gaponenko, I. Nabiev, U. Woggon, and M. Artemyev, "Enhanced luminescence of CdSe quantum dots on gold colloids," Nano Lett. 2, 1449-1452 (2002). [CrossRef]
Nature
- P. Michler, A. Imamoglu, M. D. Mason, P. J. Carson, G. F. Strouse, and S. K. Buratto, "Quantum correlation among photons from a single quantum dot at room temperature," Nature 406, 968 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vučković, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, "Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device," Nature 419, 594 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, "Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays," Nature 391, 667-669 (1998). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- E. Verhagen, L. Kuipers, and A. Polman, "Field enhancement in metallic subwavelength aperture arrays probed by erbium upconversion luminescence," Opt. Express 17, 14586-14598 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Guillaumée, M. Y. Nikitin, M. J. K. Klein, L. A. Dunbar, V. Spassov, R. Eckert, L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, and R. P. Stanley, "Observation of enhanced transmission for s-polarized light through a subwavelength slit," Opt. Express 18, 9722-9727 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. C. Lee, S. Krishna, and S. R. J. Brueck, "Quantum dot infrared photodetector enhanced by surface plasma wave excitation," Opt. Express 17, 23160-23168 (2009). [CrossRef]
Opt. Lett.
- I. Dancus, V. I. Vlad, A. Petris, N. Gaponik, V. Lesnyak, and A. Eychmüller, "Saturated near-resonant refractive optical nonlinearity in CdTe quantum dots," Opt. Lett. 35, 1079-1081 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. B
- L. A. Padilha, J. Fu, D. J. Hagan, E. W. Van Stryland, C. L. Cesar, L. C. Barbosa, C. H. B. Cruz, D. Buso, and A. Martucci, "Frequency degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon absorption spectra of semiconductor quantum dots," Phys. Rev. B 75, 075325 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Barbara, P. Quémerais, E. Bustarret, and T. Lopez-Rios, "Optical transmission through subwavelength metallic gratings," Phys. Rev. B 66, 161403 (2002). [CrossRef]
- Z. Lin, and J. Vučković, "Enhanced two-photon processes in single quantum dots inside photonic crystal nanocavities," Phys. Rev. B 81, 035301 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Shen, and P. M. Platzman, "Properties of a one-dimensional metallo-photonic crystal," Phys. Rev. B 70, 035101 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. M. J. Treacy, "Dynamical diffraction explanation of the anomalous transmission of light through metallic gratings," Phys. Rev. B 66, 195105 (2002).
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- G. A. Wurtz, R. Pollard, and A. V. Zayats, "Optical bistability in nonlinear surface-plasmon polaritonic crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 057402 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, "Transmission resonances on metallic gratings with very narrow slits," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845-2848 (1999). [CrossRef]
Physica E
- A. J. Nozik, "Quantum dot solar cells," Physica E 14, 115-120 (2002). [CrossRef]
Rev. Mod. Phys.
- F. J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Martin-Moreno, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Kuipers, "Light passing through subwavelength apertures," Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 729-787 (2010). [CrossRef]
Science
- V. I. Klimov, A. A. Mikhailovsky, S. Xu, A. Malko, J. A. Hollingsworth, C. A. Leatherdale, H.-J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, "Optical gain and stimulated emission in nanocrystal quantum dots," Science 290, 314-317 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. R. Larson, W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, S. W. Clark, M. P. Bruchez, F. W. Wise, and W. W. Webb, "Water-soluble quantum dots for multiphoton fluorescence imaging in vivo," Science 300, 1434-1436 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Michalet, F. F. Pinaud, L. A. Bentolila, J. M. Tsay, S. Doose, J. J. Li, G. Sundaresan, A. M. Wu, S. S. Gambhir, and S. Weiss, "Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics," Science 307, 538-544 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Small
- S. C. Pu, M. J. Yang, C. C. Hsu, C. W. Lai, C. C. Hsieh, S. H. Lin, Y. M. Cheng, and P. T. Chou, "The empirical correlation between size and two-photon absorption cross section of CdSe and CdTe quantum dots," Small 2, 1308-1313 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Thin Solid Films
- G. Conibeer, M. Green, E. Cho, D. Knig, Y. Cho, T. Fangsuwannarak, G. Scardera, E. Pink, Y. Huang, T. Puzzer, S. Huang, D. Song, C. Flynn, S. Park, X. Hao, and D. Mansfield, "Silicon quantum dot nanostructures for tandem photovoltaic cells," Thin Solid Films 516, 6748-6756 (2008). [CrossRef]
Other
- I. Schwarz, N. Livneh, and R. Rapaport, "A unified analytical model for extraordinary transmission in subwavelength metallic gratings," arXiv:1011.3713v1 (2010).
- U. Woggon, Optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots. Springer tracts in modern physics (Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997).
- R. W. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics Second Ed. (Academic Press, 2003).
2010, Aouani, ACS Nano
- H. Aouani, S. Itzhakov, D. Gachet, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, H. Rigneault, D. Oron, and J. Wenger, "Colloidal quantum dots as probes of excitation field enhancement in photonic antennas," ACS Nano 4, 4571-4578 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Lin, and J. Vučković, "Enhanced two-photon processes in single quantum dots inside photonic crystal nanocavities," Phys. Rev. B 81, 035301 (2010). [CrossRef]
- F. J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Martin-Moreno, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Kuipers, "Light passing through subwavelength apertures," Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 729-787 (2010). [CrossRef]
- X. Xingsheng, Y. Toshiki, U. Rieko, and O. Akira, "Two-photon excited fluorescence from CdSe quantum dots on SiN photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Conibeer, M. Green, E. Cho, D. Knig, Y. Cho, T. Fangsuwannarak, G. Scardera, E. Pink, Y. Huang, T. Puzzer, S. Huang, D. Song, C. Flynn, S. Park, X. Hao, and D. Mansfield, "Silicon quantum dot nanostructures for tandem photovoltaic cells," Thin Solid Films 516, 6748-6756 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. A. Padilha, J. Fu, D. J. Hagan, E. W. Van Stryland, C. L. Cesar, L. C. Barbosa, C. H. B. Cruz, D. Buso, and A. Martucci, "Frequency degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon absorption spectra of semiconductor quantum dots," Phys. Rev. B 75, 075325 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. C. Pu, M. J. Yang, C. C. Hsu, C. W. Lai, C. C. Hsieh, S. H. Lin, Y. M. Cheng, and P. T. Chou, "The empirical correlation between size and two-photon absorption cross section of CdSe and CdTe quantum dots," Small 2, 1308-1313 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Moreno, L. Martín-Moreno, and F. J. García-Vidal, "Extraordinary optical transmission without plasmons: the s-polarization case," J. Opt. A 8, S94 (2006). [CrossRef]
- G. A. Wurtz, R. Pollard, and A. V. Zayats, "Optical bistability in nonlinear surface-plasmon polaritonic crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 057402 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Chen, R. Rapaport, D. T. Fuchs, L. Lucas, A. J. Lovinger, S. Vilan, A. Aharoni, and U. Banin, "Optical gain from InAs nanocrystal quantum dots in a polymer matrix," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 251108 (2005). [CrossRef]
- X. Michalet, F. F. Pinaud, L. A. Bentolila, J. M. Tsay, S. Doose, J. J. Li, G. Sundaresan, A. M. Wu, S. S. Gambhir, and S. Weiss, "Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics," Science 307, 538-544 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Gao, L. Yang, J. A. Petros, F. F. Marshall, J. W. Simons, and S. Nie, "In vivo molecular and cellular imaging with quantum dots," Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16, 63-72 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. Shen, and P. M. Platzman, "Properties of a one-dimensional metallo-photonic crystal," Phys. Rev. B 70, 035101 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. R. Larson, W. R. Zipfel, R. M. Williams, S. W. Clark, M. P. Bruchez, F. W. Wise, and W. W. Webb, "Water-soluble quantum dots for multiphoton fluorescence imaging in vivo," Science 300, 1434-1436 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Lu, Y. L. Ji, G. B. Chen, N. Y. Tang, X. S. Chen, S. C. Shen, Q. X. Zhao, and M. Willander, "Enhancement of room-temperature photoluminescence in InAs quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4300-4302 (2003). [CrossRef]
- C. B. Poitras, M. Lipson, H. Du, M. A. Hahn, and T. D. Krauss, "Photoluminescence enhancement of colloidal quantum dots embedded in a monolithic microcavity," Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4032-4034 (2003). [CrossRef]
- O. Kulakovich, N. Strekal, A. Yaroshevich, S. Maskevich, S. Gaponenko, I. Nabiev, U. Woggon, and M. Artemyev, "Enhanced luminescence of CdSe quantum dots on gold colloids," Nano Lett. 2, 1449-1452 (2002). [CrossRef]
- C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vučković, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, "Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device," Nature 419, 594 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Gao, W. C. W. Chan, and S. Nie, "Quantum-dot nanocrystals for ultrasensitive biological labeling and multicolor optical encoding," J. Biomed. Opt. 7, 532-537 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Nozik, "Quantum dot solar cells," Physica E 14, 115-120 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. M. J. Treacy, "Dynamical diffraction explanation of the anomalous transmission of light through metallic gratings," Phys. Rev. B 66, 195105 (2002).
- A. Barbara, P. Quémerais, E. Bustarret, and T. Lopez-Rios, "Optical transmission through subwavelength metallic gratings," Phys. Rev. B 66, 161403 (2002). [CrossRef]
- Y. Cao, and U. Banin, "Growth and properties of semiconductor core/shell nanocrystals with InAs cores," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 9692-9702 (2000). [CrossRef]
- V. I. Klimov, A. A. Mikhailovsky, S. Xu, A. Malko, J. A. Hollingsworth, C. A. Leatherdale, H.-J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, "Optical gain and stimulated emission in nanocrystal quantum dots," Science 290, 314-317 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Michler, A. Imamoglu, M. D. Mason, P. J. Carson, G. F. Strouse, and S. K. Buratto, "Quantum correlation among photons from a single quantum dot at room temperature," Nature 406, 968 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, "Transmission resonances on metallic gratings with very narrow slits," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845-2848 (1999). [CrossRef]
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, "Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays," Nature 391, 667-669 (1998). [CrossRef]
- D. L. Huffaker, G. Park, Z. Zou, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, "1.3 μm room-temperature GaAs-based quantum-dot laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 2564-2566 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. Hideaki, N. Kenich, O. Ichiro, S. Shigeo, and S. Yoshimasa, "Room-temperature lasing operation of a quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser," Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3140-3142 (1996). [CrossRef]
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