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Mid-infrared to telecom-band supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear silicon-on-insulator wire waveguidesBart Kuyken, Xiaoping Liu, Richard M. Osgood Jr., Roel Baets, Günther Roelkens, and William M. J. Green »View Author Affiliations
Bart Kuyken,1,2,*
Xiaoping Liu,3,5
Richard M. Osgood,3
Roel Baets,1,2
Günther Roelkens,1,2
and William M. J. Green4
1Photonics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University – imec, Ghent B-9000, Belgium 2Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB-Photonics), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 3Microelectronics Sciences Laboratories, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA 4IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA 5Current address: OFS Labs, 19 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA *Corresponding author: bart.kuyken@intec.ugent.be |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 21, pp. 20172-20181 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.020172
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Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of a supercontinuum in a 2 cm long silicon wire by pumping the wire with mid-infrared picosecond pulses in the anomalous dispersion regime. The supercontinuum extends from 1535 nm up to 2525 nm for a coupled peak power of 12.7 W. It is shown that the supercontinuum originates primarily from the amplification of background noise. A detailed analysis of the spectral components which are generated through phase-matched processes is applied to extract the group velocity dispersion and fourth-order dispersion coefficient of the silicon wire waveguide.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(130.4310) Integrated optics : Nonlinear
(320.6629) Ultrafast optics : Supercontinuum generation
ToC Category:
Ultrafast Optics
History
Original Manuscript: May 23, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 19, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: September 25, 2011
Published: September 30, 2011
Citation
Bart Kuyken, Xiaoping Liu, Richard M. Osgood Jr., Roel Baets, Günther Roelkens, and William M. J. Green, "Mid-infrared to telecom-band supercontinuum generation in highly nonlinear silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides," Opt. Express 19, 20172-20181 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-21-20172
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References
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- C. F. Kaminski, R. S. Watt, A. D. Elder, J. H. Frank, and J. Hult, “Supercontinuum radiation for applications in chemical sensing and microscopy,” Appl. Phys. B92(3), 367–378 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. V. Smirnov, J. D. Ania-Castanon, T. J. Ellingham, S. M. Kobtsev, S. Kukarin, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Optical spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation in telecom applications,” Opt. Fiber Technol.12(2), 122–147 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. Dekker, N. Usechak, M. Forst, and A. Driessen, “Ultrafast nonlinear all-optical processes in silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.40(14), 249–271 (2007). [CrossRef]
- R. K. W. Lau, M. Ménard, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Continuous-wave mid-infrared frequency conversion in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1263–1265 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- C. F. Kaminski, R. S. Watt, A. D. Elder, J. H. Frank, and J. Hult, “Supercontinuum radiation for applications in chemical sensing and microscopy,” Appl. Phys. B92(3), 367–378 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. K. W. Lau, M. Ménard, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Continuous-wave mid-infrared frequency conversion in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1263–1265 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides,” Opt. Express14(10), 4357–4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Dudley, G. Gently, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal,” Rev. Mod. Phys.78(4), 1135–1184 (2006). [CrossRef]
- R. M. Osgood, N. C. Jr., J. I. Panoiu, X. Dadap, X. Liu, I.-W. Chen, E. Hsieh, W. M. Dulkeith, Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires,” Adv. Opt. Photon.1(1), 162–235 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. Liu, J. B. Driscoll, J. I. Dadap, R. M. Osgood, S. Jr., Y. A. Assefa, Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, “Self-phase modulation and nonlinear loss in silicon nanophotonic wires near the mid-infrared two-photon absorption edge,” Opt. Express19(8), 7778–7789 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Liu, R. M. Osgood, Y. A. Jr., Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, “Mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier using silicon nanophotonic waveguides,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 557–560 (2010). [CrossRef]
- X. Liu, W. M. J. Green, X. Chen, I.-W. Hsieh, J. I. Dadap, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and Jr., “Conformal dielectric overlayers for engineering dispersion and effective nonlinearity of silicon nanophotonic wires,” Opt. Lett.33(24), 2889–2891 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Dulkeith, F. Xia, L. Schares, W. M. J. Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Group index and group velocity dispersion in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires,” Opt. Express14(9), 3853–3863 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. K. Tsang, C. S. Wong, T. K. Liang, I. E. Day, S. W. Roberts, A. Harpin, J. Drake, and M. Asghari, “Optical dispersion, two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides at 1.5 µm wavelength,” Appl. Phys. Lett.80(3), 416–418 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum generation of higher-order solitons by fission in photonic crystal fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.87(20), 203901 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- X. Liu, W. M. J. Green, X. Chen, I.-W. Hsieh, J. I. Dadap, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and Jr., “Conformal dielectric overlayers for engineering dispersion and effective nonlinearity of silicon nanophotonic wires,” Opt. Lett.33(24), 2889–2891 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum generation of higher-order solitons by fission in photonic crystal fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett.87(20), 203901 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Liu, W. M. J. Green, X. Chen, I.-W. Hsieh, J. I. Dadap, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and Jr., “Conformal dielectric overlayers for engineering dispersion and effective nonlinearity of silicon nanophotonic wires,” Opt. Lett.33(24), 2889–2891 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I.-W. Hsieh, X. Chen, X. Liu, J. I. Dadap, N. C. Panoiu, C.-Y. Chou, F. Xia, W. M. Green, Y. A. Vlasov, R. M. Osgood, and Jr., “Supercontinuum generation in silicon photonic wires,” Opt. Express15(23), 15242–15249 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. C. Panoiu, X. G. Chen, R. M. Osgood, and Jr., “Modulation Instability in Silicon Photonic Nanowires,” Opt. Lett.31(24), 3609–3611 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. Osgood, N. C. Jr., J. I. Panoiu, X. Dadap, X. Liu, I.-W. Chen, E. Hsieh, W. M. Dulkeith, Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires,” Adv. Opt. Photon.1(1), 162–235 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- N. Akhmediev and M. Karlsson, “Cherenkov radiation emitted by solitons in optical fibers,” Phys. Rev. A51(3), 2602–2607 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. V. Smirnov, J. D. Ania-Castanon, T. J. Ellingham, S. M. Kobtsev, S. Kukarin, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Optical spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation in telecom applications,” Opt. Fiber Technol.12(2), 122–147 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. V. Smirnov, J. D. Ania-Castanon, T. J. Ellingham, S. M. Kobtsev, S. Kukarin, and S. K. Turitsyn, “Optical spectral broadening and supercontinuum generation in telecom applications,” Opt. Fiber Technol.12(2), 122–147 (2006). [CrossRef]
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- R. K. W. Lau, M. Ménard, Y. Okawachi, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, R. Salem, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Continuous-wave mid-infrared frequency conversion in silicon nanowaveguides,” Opt. Lett.36(7), 1263–1265 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides,” Opt. Express14(10), 4357–4362 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Liu, J. B. Driscoll, J. I. Dadap, R. M. Osgood, S. Jr., Y. A. Assefa, Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, “Self-phase modulation and nonlinear loss in silicon nanophotonic wires near the mid-infrared two-photon absorption edge,” Opt. Express19(8), 7778–7789 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Liu, R. M. Osgood, Y. A. Jr., Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, “Mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier using silicon nanophotonic waveguides,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 557–560 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. M. Osgood, N. C. Jr., J. I. Panoiu, X. Dadap, X. Liu, I.-W. Chen, E. Hsieh, W. M. Dulkeith, Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires,” Adv. Opt. Photon.1(1), 162–235 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- X. Liu, R. M. Osgood, Y. A. Jr., Vlasov, and W. M. J. Green, “Mid-infrared optical parametric amplifier using silicon nanophotonic waveguides,” Nat. Photonics4(8), 557–560 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. M. Osgood, N. C. Jr., J. I. Panoiu, X. Dadap, X. Liu, I.-W. Chen, E. Hsieh, W. M. Dulkeith, Green, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems: physics and applications in dispersion-engineered silicon nanophotonic wires,” Adv. Opt. Photon.1(1), 162–235 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- N. C. Panoiu, X. G. Chen, R. M. Osgood, and Jr., “Modulation Instability in Silicon Photonic Nanowires,” Opt. Lett.31(24), 3609–3611 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Adv. Opt. Photon.
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Appl. Phys. B
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
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J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
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J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
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Nat. Photonics
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Opt. Express
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Opt. Fiber Technol.
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Phys. Rev. A
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Phys. Rev. Lett.
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