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Electrical control of terahertz nano antennas on VO2 thin filmYoung-Gyun Jeong, Hannes Bernien, Ji-Soo Kyoung, Hyeong-Ryeol Park, Hyun‑Sun Kim, Jae-Wook Choi, Bong-Jun Kim, Hyun-Tak Kim, Kwang Jun Ahn, and Dai-Sik Kim »View Author Affiliations
Young-Gyun Jeong,1,*
Hannes Bernien,1,4
Ji-Soo Kyoung,1
Hyeong-Ryeol Park,1
Hyun‑Sun Kim,1
Jae-Wook Choi,1
Bong-Jun Kim,2
Hyun-Tak Kim,2,3
Kwang Jun Ahn,1
and Dai-Sik Kim1
1Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Subwavelength Optics, Seoul National University,Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea 2Metal-Insulator Transition Creative Research Center, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea 3School of Advanced Device Technology, University of Science and Technology,Daejeon, 305-350, Republic of Korea 4Currently with the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology,P.O. Box 5046,2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands *Corresponding author: ygjeong@phya.snu.ac.kr |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 22, pp. 21211-21215 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.021211
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Abstract
We demonstrate an active metamaterial device that allows to electrically control terahertz transmission over more than one order of magnitude. Our device consists of a lithographically defined gold nano antenna array fabricated on a thin film of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a material that possesses an insulator to metal transition. The nano antennas let terahertz (THz) radiation funnel through when the VO2 film is in the insulating state. By applying a dc-bias voltage through our device, the VO2 becomes metallic. This electrically shorts the antennas and therefore switches off the transmission in two distinct regimes: reversible and irreversible switching.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.3918) Materials : Metamaterials
(300.6495) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, teraherz
(310.6845) Thin films : Thin film devices and applications
ToC Category:
Metamaterials
History
Original Manuscript: July 28, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 8, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: September 13, 2011
Published: October 10, 2011
Citation
Young-Gyun Jeong, Hannes Bernien, Ji-Soo Kyoung, Hyeong-Ryeol Park, Hyun‑Sun Kim, Jae-Wook Choi, Bong-Jun Kim, Hyun-Tak Kim, Kwang Jun Ahn, and Dai-Sik Kim, "Electrical control of terahertz nano antennas on VO2 thin film," Opt. Express 19, 21211-21215 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-22-21211
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- M. Seo, J. Kyoung, H. Park, S. Koo, H. S. Kim, H. Bernien, B. J. Kim, J. H. Choe, Y. H. Ahn, H. T. Kim, N. Park, Q. H. Park, K. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Active Terahertz Nanoantennas Based on VO2 Phase Transition,” Nano Lett.10(6), 2064–2068 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Kyoung, M. Seo, H. Park, S. Koo, H. S. Kim, Y. Park, B. J. Kim, K. Ahn, N. Park, H. T. Kim, and D. S. Kim, “Giant nonlinear response of terahertz nanoresonators on VO2 thin film,” Opt. Express18(16), 16452–16459 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. R. Park, Y. M. Park, H. S. Kim, J. S. Kyoung, M. A. Seo, D. J. Park, Y. H. Ahn, K. J. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Terahertz nanoresonators: Giant field enhancement and ultrabroadband performance,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(12), 121106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Park, S. M. Koo, O. K. Suwal, Y. M. Park, J. S. Kyoung, M. A. Seo, S. S. Choi, N. K. Park, D. S. Kim, and K. J. Ahn, “Resonance behavior of single ultrathin slot antennas on finite dielectric substrates in terahertz regime,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(21), 211109 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. R. Park, Y. M. Park, H. S. Kim, J. S. Kyoung, M. A. Seo, D. J. Park, Y. H. Ahn, K. J. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Terahertz nanoresonators: Giant field enhancement and ultrabroadband performance,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(12), 121106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Seo, J. Kyoung, H. Park, S. Koo, H. S. Kim, H. Bernien, B. J. Kim, J. H. Choe, Y. H. Ahn, H. T. Kim, N. Park, Q. H. Park, K. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Active Terahertz Nanoantennas Based on VO2 Phase Transition,” Nano Lett.10(6), 2064–2068 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, B. G. Chae, P. C. Ho, G. O. Andreev, B. J. Kim, S. J. Yun, A. V. Balatsky, M. B. Maple, F. Keilmann, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Mott transition in VO2 revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging,” Science318(5857), 1750–1753 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, M. J. Cich, A. K. Azad, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor, “A metamaterial solid-state terahertz phase modulator,” Nat. Photonics3(3), 148–151 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Hilton, R. P. Prasankumar, S. Fourmaux, A. Cavalleri, D. Brassard, M. A. El Khakani, J. C. Kieffer, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt, “Enhanced photosusceptibility near Tc for the light-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(22), 226401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt, “Active terahertz metamaterial devices,” Nature444(7119), 597–600 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, M. J. Cich, A. K. Azad, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor, “A metamaterial solid-state terahertz phase modulator,” Nat. Photonics3(3), 148–151 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- M. D. Goldflam, T. Driscoll, B. Chapler, O. Khatib, N. Marie Jokerst, S. Palit, D. R. Smith, B. Kim, G. Seo, H. Kim, M. D. Ventra, and D. N. Basov, “Reconfigurable gradient index using VO2 memory metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(4), 044103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T. Driscoll, H. T. Kim, B. G. Chae, B. J. Kim, Y. W. Lee, N. M. Jokerst, S. Palit, D. R. Smith, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, “Memory metamaterials,” Science325(5947), 1518–1521 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Driscoll, H. Kim, B. Chae, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, “Phase-transition driven memristive system,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(4), 043503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, B. G. Chae, P. C. Ho, G. O. Andreev, B. J. Kim, S. J. Yun, A. V. Balatsky, M. B. Maple, F. Keilmann, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Mott transition in VO2 revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging,” Science318(5857), 1750–1753 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Qazilbash, K. S. Burch, D. Whisler, D. Shrekenhamer, B. G. Chae, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Correlated metallic state of vanadium dioxide,” Phys. Rev. B74(20), 205118 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Seo, J. Kyoung, H. Park, S. Koo, H. S. Kim, H. Bernien, B. J. Kim, J. H. Choe, Y. H. Ahn, H. T. Kim, N. Park, Q. H. Park, K. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Active Terahertz Nanoantennas Based on VO2 Phase Transition,” Nano Lett.10(6), 2064–2068 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Hilton, R. P. Prasankumar, S. Fourmaux, A. Cavalleri, D. Brassard, M. A. El Khakani, J. C. Kieffer, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt, “Enhanced photosusceptibility near Tc for the light-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(22), 226401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, B. G. Chae, P. C. Ho, G. O. Andreev, B. J. Kim, S. J. Yun, A. V. Balatsky, M. B. Maple, F. Keilmann, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Mott transition in VO2 revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging,” Science318(5857), 1750–1753 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. L. Chan, H. Chen, A. J. Taylor, I. Brener, M. J. Cich, and D. M. Mittleman, “A spatial light modulator for terahertz beams,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(21), 213511 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. M. Qazilbash, K. S. Burch, D. Whisler, D. Shrekenhamer, B. G. Chae, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Correlated metallic state of vanadium dioxide,” Phys. Rev. B74(20), 205118 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Hilton, R. P. Prasankumar, S. Fourmaux, A. Cavalleri, D. Brassard, M. A. El Khakani, J. C. Kieffer, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt, “Enhanced photosusceptibility near Tc for the light-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(22), 226401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Cavalleri, M. Rini, H. H. W. Chong, S. Fourmaux, T. E. Glover, P. A. Heimann, J. C. Kieffer, and R. W. Schoenlein, “Band-selective measurements of electron dynamics in VO2 using femtosecond near-edge x-ray absorption,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(6), 067405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Cavalleri, T. Dekorsy, H. H. W. Chong, J. C. Kieffer, and R. W. Schoenlein, “Evidence for a structurally-driven insulator-to-metal transition in VO2: A view from the ultrafast timescale,” Phys. Rev. B70(16), 161102 (2004). [CrossRef]
- T. Driscoll, H. Kim, B. Chae, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, “Phase-transition driven memristive system,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(4), 043503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- T. Driscoll, H. T. Kim, B. G. Chae, B. J. Kim, Y. W. Lee, N. M. Jokerst, S. Palit, D. R. Smith, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, “Memory metamaterials,” Science325(5947), 1518–1521 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Yun, J. W. Lim, B. G. Chae, B. J. Kim, and H. T. Kim, “Characteristics of vanadium dioxide films deposited by RF-magnetron sputter deposition technique using V-metal target,” Physica B403, 1381–1383 (2008).
- M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, B. G. Chae, P. C. Ho, G. O. Andreev, B. J. Kim, S. J. Yun, A. V. Balatsky, M. B. Maple, F. Keilmann, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Mott transition in VO2 revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging,” Science318(5857), 1750–1753 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Shalaby, H. Merbold, M. Peccianti, L. Razzari, G. Sharma, T. Ozaki, R. Morandotti, T. Feurer, A. Weber, L. Heyderman, B. Patterson, and H. Sigg, “Concurrent field enhancement and high transmission of THz radiation in nanoslit arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(4), 041110 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- T. Driscoll, H. T. Kim, B. G. Chae, B. J. Kim, Y. W. Lee, N. M. Jokerst, S. Palit, D. R. Smith, M. Di Ventra, and D. N. Basov, “Memory metamaterials,” Science325(5947), 1518–1521 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. A. Seo, H. R. Park, S. M. Koo, D. J. Park, J. H. Kang, O. K. Suwal, S. S. Choi, P. C. M. Planken, G. S. Park, N. K. Park, Q. H. Park, and D. S. Kim, “Terahertz field enhancement by a metallic nano slit operating beyond the skin-depth limit,” Nat. Photonics3(3), 152–156 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- W. L. Chan, H. Chen, A. J. Taylor, I. Brener, M. J. Cich, and D. M. Mittleman, “A spatial light modulator for terahertz beams,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(21), 213511 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- P. U. Jepsen, B. M. Fischer, A. Thoman, H. Helm, J. Y. Suh, R. Lopez, and R. F. Haglund., “Metal-insulator phase transition in a VO2 thin film observed with terahertz spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B74(20), 205103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Nakajima, N. Takubo, Z. Hiroi, Y. Ueda, and T. Suemoto, “Photoinduced metallic state in VO2 proved by the terahertz pump-probe spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(1), 011907 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. D. Goldflam, T. Driscoll, B. Chapler, O. Khatib, N. Marie Jokerst, S. Palit, D. R. Smith, B. Kim, G. Seo, H. Kim, M. D. Ventra, and D. N. Basov, “Reconfigurable gradient index using VO2 memory metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(4), 044103 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, B. G. Chae, P. C. Ho, G. O. Andreev, B. J. Kim, S. J. Yun, A. V. Balatsky, M. B. Maple, F. Keilmann, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Mott transition in VO2 revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging,” Science318(5857), 1750–1753 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. Nakajima, N. Takubo, Z. Hiroi, Y. Ueda, and T. Suemoto, “Photoinduced metallic state in VO2 proved by the terahertz pump-probe spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(1), 011907 (2008). [CrossRef]
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J. Appl. Phys.
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J. Mater. Sci.
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Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
- K. Okimura, N. Ezreena, Y. Sasakawa, and J. Sakai, “Electric-Field-Induced Multistep Resistance Switching in Planar VO2/c-Al2O3 Structure,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.48(6), 065003 (2009). [CrossRef]
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Nano Lett.
- M. Seo, J. Kyoung, H. Park, S. Koo, H. S. Kim, H. Bernien, B. J. Kim, J. H. Choe, Y. H. Ahn, H. T. Kim, N. Park, Q. H. Park, K. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Active Terahertz Nanoantennas Based on VO2 Phase Transition,” Nano Lett.10(6), 2064–2068 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
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Nature
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New J. Phys.
- H. T. Kim, B. G. Chae, D. H. Youn, S. L. Maeng, G. Kim, K. Y. Kang, and Y. S. Lim, “Mechanism and observation of Mott transition in VO2-based two- and three-terminal devices,” New J. Phys.6, 52 (2004). [CrossRef]
Opt. Commun.
- A. Novitsky, M. Zalkovskij, R. Malureanu, and A. Lavrinenko, “Microscopic model of the THz field enhancement in a metal nanoslit,” Opt. Commun. (to be published).
Opt. Express
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Opt. Lett.
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Phys. Rev. B
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Phys. Rev. Lett.
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Physica B
- S. J. Yun, J. W. Lim, B. G. Chae, B. J. Kim, and H. T. Kim, “Characteristics of vanadium dioxide films deposited by RF-magnetron sputter deposition technique using V-metal target,” Physica B403, 1381–1383 (2008).
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Physica C
- J. S. Lee, M. Ortolani, A. Ginolas, Y. J. Chang, T. W. Noh, and U. Schade, “Transport and microscopic investigations on the electric-pulse-induced phase transition of VO2 films,” Physica C460-462, 549–550 (2007). [CrossRef]
Rev. Mod. Phys.
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Science
- M. M. Qazilbash, M. Brehm, B. G. Chae, P. C. Ho, G. O. Andreev, B. J. Kim, S. J. Yun, A. V. Balatsky, M. B. Maple, F. Keilmann, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Mott transition in VO2 revealed by infrared spectroscopy and nano-imaging,” Science318(5857), 1750–1753 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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2011, Shalaby, Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. Shalaby, H. Merbold, M. Peccianti, L. Razzari, G. Sharma, T. Ozaki, R. Morandotti, T. Feurer, A. Weber, L. Heyderman, B. Patterson, and H. Sigg, “Concurrent field enhancement and high transmission of THz radiation in nanoslit arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(4), 041110 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- H. R. Park, Y. M. Park, H. S. Kim, J. S. Kyoung, M. A. Seo, D. J. Park, Y. H. Ahn, K. J. Ahn, and D. S. Kim, “Terahertz nanoresonators: Giant field enhancement and ultrabroadband performance,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(12), 121106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- F. J. Garcia-Vidal, L. Martin-Moreno, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Kuipers, “Light passing through subwavelength apertures,” Rev. Mod. Phys.82(1), 729–787 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- M. A. Seo, H. R. Park, S. M. Koo, D. J. Park, J. H. Kang, O. K. Suwal, S. S. Choi, P. C. M. Planken, G. S. Park, N. K. Park, Q. H. Park, and D. S. Kim, “Terahertz field enhancement by a metallic nano slit operating beyond the skin-depth limit,” Nat. Photonics3(3), 152–156 (2009). [CrossRef]
- H. T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, M. J. Cich, A. K. Azad, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor, “A metamaterial solid-state terahertz phase modulator,” Nat. Photonics3(3), 148–151 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- K. Okimura, N. Ezreena, Y. Sasakawa, and J. Sakai, “Electric-Field-Induced Multistep Resistance Switching in Planar VO2/c-Al2O3 Structure,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.48(6), 065003 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- M. Nakajima, N. Takubo, Z. Hiroi, Y. Ueda, and T. Suemoto, “Photoinduced metallic state in VO2 proved by the terahertz pump-probe spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett.92(1), 011907 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. S. Lee, M. Ortolani, U. Schade, Y. J. Chang, and T. W. Noh, “Microspectroscopic detection of local conducting areas generated by electric-pulse-induced phase transition in VO2 films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(13), 133509 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- D. J. Hilton, R. P. Prasankumar, S. Fourmaux, A. Cavalleri, D. Brassard, M. A. El Khakani, J. C. Kieffer, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt, “Enhanced photosusceptibility near Tc for the light-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide,” Phys. Rev. Lett.99(22), 226401 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H. T. Chen, W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt, “Active terahertz metamaterial devices,” Nature444(7119), 597–600 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. M. Qazilbash, K. S. Burch, D. Whisler, D. Shrekenhamer, B. G. Chae, H. T. Kim, and D. N. Basov, “Correlated metallic state of vanadium dioxide,” Phys. Rev. B74(20), 205118 (2006). [CrossRef]
- P. U. Jepsen, B. M. Fischer, A. Thoman, H. Helm, J. Y. Suh, R. Lopez, and R. F. Haglund., “Metal-insulator phase transition in a VO2 thin film observed with terahertz spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B74(20), 205103 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Cavalleri, M. Rini, H. H. W. Chong, S. Fourmaux, T. E. Glover, P. A. Heimann, J. C. Kieffer, and R. W. Schoenlein, “Band-selective measurements of electron dynamics in VO2 using femtosecond near-edge x-ray absorption,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(6), 067405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Chae, H. T. Kim, D. H. Youn, and K. Y. Kang, “Abrupt metal-insulator transition observed in VO2 thin films induced by a switching voltage pulse,” Physica B369(1-4), 76–80 (2005). [CrossRef]
- H. T. Kim, B. G. Chae, D. H. Youn, S. L. Maeng, G. Kim, K. Y. Kang, and Y. S. Lim, “Mechanism and observation of Mott transition in VO2-based two- and three-terminal devices,” New J. Phys.6, 52 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Cavalleri, T. Dekorsy, H. H. W. Chong, J. C. Kieffer, and R. W. Schoenlein, “Evidence for a structurally-driven insulator-to-metal transition in VO2: A view from the ultrafast timescale,” Phys. Rev. B70(16), 161102 (2004). [CrossRef]
- M. Nagashima, H. Wada, K. Tanikawa, and H. Shirahata, “The electronic behaviors of oxygen-deficient VO2 thin films in low temperature region,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.37(Part 1, No. 8), 4433–4438 (1998). [CrossRef]
- Q. Wu, T. D. Hewitt, and X. C. Zhang, “Two-dimensional electro-optic imaging of THz beams,” Appl. Phys. Lett.69(8), 1026–1028 (1996). [CrossRef]
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