Electrically pumped sub-wavelength metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers

doi:10.1364/OE.19.021524

Electrically pumped sub-wavelength metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers

Jin Hyoung Lee, Mercedeh Khajavikhan, Aleksandar Simic, Qing Gu, Olesya Bondarenko, Boris Slutsky, Maziar P. Nezhad, and Yeshaiahu Fainman »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 22, pp. 21524-21531 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.021524

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Abstract

Electrically driven subwavelength scale metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers are designed and experimentally demonstrated. The metallo-dielectric cavity significantly enhances the quality factor (Q > 1500) of the wavelength and subwavelength scale lasers and the pedestal structure significantly reduces the threshold gain (< 400 cm⁻¹) which can potentially enable laser operation at room temperature. We observed continuous wave lasing in 750 nm gain core radius laser at temperatures between 77 K and 140 K with a threshold current of 50 μA (at 77 K). We also observed lasing from a 355 nm gain core radius laser at temperatures between 77 K and 100 K.

OCIS Codes
(140.5960) Lasers and laser optics : Semiconductor lasers
(140.3948) Lasers and laser optics : Microcavity devices

ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics

History
Original Manuscript: June 20, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 9, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: September 30, 2011
Published: October 18, 2011

Citation
Jin Hyoung Lee, Mercedeh Khajavikhan, Aleksandar Simic, Qing Gu, Olesya Bondarenko, Boris Slutsky, Maziar P. Nezhad, and Yeshaiahu Fainman, "Electrically pumped sub-wavelength metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers," Opt. Express 19, 21524-21531 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-22-21524

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References

S. L. McCall, A. F. J. Levi, R. E. Slusher, S. J. Pearton, and R. A. Logan, “Whispering-gallery mode microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.60(3), 289 (1992). [CrossRef]
A. F. J. Levi, “Microdisk lasers,” Solid-State Electron.37(4-6), 1297–1302 (1994). [CrossRef]
O. Painter, R. K. Lee, A. Scherer, A. Yariv, J. D. O’Brien, P. D. Dapkus, and I. Kim, “Two-dimensional photonic band-gap defect mode laser,” Science284(5421), 1819–1821 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H.-G. Park, S.-H. Kim, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-G. Ju, J.-K. Yang, J.-H. Baek, S.-B. Kim, and Y.-H. Lee, “Electrically driven single-cell photonic crystal laser,” Science305(5689), 1444–1447 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, T. Zentgraf, R.-M. Ma, C. Gladden, L. Dai, G. Bartal, and X. Zhang, “Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale,” Nature461(7264), 629–632 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. Perahia, T. P. Mayer Alegre, A. H. Safavi-Naeini, and O. Painter, “Surface-plasmon mode hybridization in subwavelength microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(20), 201114 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. H. Kwon, J. H. Kang, C. Seassal, S. K. Kim, P. Regreny, Y. H. Lee, C. M. Lieber, and H. G. Park, “Subwavelength plasmonic lasing from a semiconductor nanodisk with silver nanopan cavity,” Nano Lett.10(9), 3679–3683 (2010). [PubMed]
M. W. Kim and P.-C. Ku, “Semiconductor nanoring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(20), 201105 (2011). [CrossRef]
M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]
M. A. Noginov, G. Zhu, A. M. Belgrave, R. Bakker, V. M. Shalaev, E. E. Narimanov, S. Stout, E. Herz, T. Suteewong, and U. Wiesner, “Demonstration of a spaser-based nanolaser,” Nature460(7259), 1110–1112 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. P. Nezhad, A. Simic, O. Bondarenko, B. Slutsky, A. Mizrahi, L. Feng, V. Lomakin, and Y. Fainman, “Room-temperature subwavelength metallo-dielectric lasers,” Nat. Photonics4(6), 395–399 (2010). [CrossRef]
K. Yu, A. Lakhani, and M. C. Wu, “Subwavelength metal-optic semiconductor nanopatch lasers,” Opt. Express18(9), 8790–8799 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. A. Miller, “Optical Interconnects to Silicon,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.6(6), 1312–1317 (2000). [CrossRef]
E. Purcell, “Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies,” Phys. Rev.69, 681 (1946).
M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express17(13), 11107–11112 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Mizrahi, V. Lomakin, B. A. Slutsky, M. P. Nezhad, L. Feng, and Y. Fainman, “Low threshold gain metal coated laser nanoresonators,” Opt. Lett.33(11), 1261–1263 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Phys. Rev. B6(12), 4370–4379 (1972). [CrossRef]
T. Baba, “Photonic crystals and microdisk cavities based on GaInAsP-InP system,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.3(3), 808–830 (1997). [CrossRef]
T. Baba, M. Fujita, A. Sakai, M. Kihara, and R. Watanabe, “Lasing characteristics of GaInAsP-InP strained quantum-well microdisk injection lasers with diameter of 2-10 µm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.9(7), 878–880 (1997). [CrossRef]
M. Asada and Y. Suematsu, “Density-matrix theory of semiconductor lasers with relaxation broadening model-gain and gain-suppresion in semiconductor lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.21(5), 434–442 (1985). [CrossRef]
Z. Liu, J. M. Shainline, G. E. Fernandes, J. Xu, J. Chen, and C. F. Gmachl, “Continuous-wave subwavelength microdisk lasers at λ = 1.53 µm,” Opt. Express18(18), 19242–19248 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Van Campenhout, P. Rojo-Romeo, D. Van Thourhout, C. Seassal, P. Regreny, L. Di Cioccio, J.-M. Fedeli, and R. Baets, “Thermal characterization of electrically injected thin-film InGaAsP microdisk lasers on Si,” J. Lightwave Technol.25(6), 1543–1548 (2007). [CrossRef]
F. Albert, T. Braun, T. Heindel, C. Schneider, S. Reitzenstein, S. Höfling, L. Worschech, and A. Forchel, “Whispering gallery mode lasing in electrically driven quantum dot micropillars,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(10), 101108 (2010). [CrossRef]

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[1] S. L. McCall, A. F. J. Levi, R. E. Slusher, S. J. Pearton, and R. A. Logan, “Whispering-gallery mode microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.60(3), 289 (1992). [CrossRef]

[2] A. F. J. Levi, “Microdisk lasers,” Solid-State Electron.37(4-6), 1297–1302 (1994). [CrossRef]

[3] O. Painter, R. K. Lee, A. Scherer, A. Yariv, J. D. O’Brien, P. D. Dapkus, and I. Kim, “Two-dimensional photonic band-gap defect mode laser,” Science284(5421), 1819–1821 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] H.-G. Park, S.-H. Kim, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-G. Ju, J.-K. Yang, J.-H. Baek, S.-B. Kim, and Y.-H. Lee, “Electrically driven single-cell photonic crystal laser,” Science305(5689), 1444–1447 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] R. F. Oulton, V. J. Sorger, T. Zentgraf, R.-M. Ma, C. Gladden, L. Dai, G. Bartal, and X. Zhang, “Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale,” Nature461(7264), 629–632 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] R. Perahia, T. P. Mayer Alegre, A. H. Safavi-Naeini, and O. Painter, “Surface-plasmon mode hybridization in subwavelength microdisk lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(20), 201114 (2009). [CrossRef]

[7] S. H. Kwon, J. H. Kang, C. Seassal, S. K. Kim, P. Regreny, Y. H. Lee, C. M. Lieber, and H. G. Park, “Subwavelength plasmonic lasing from a semiconductor nanodisk with silver nanopan cavity,” Nano Lett.10(9), 3679–3683 (2010). [PubMed]

[8] M. W. Kim and P.-C. Ku, “Semiconductor nanoring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(20), 201105 (2011). [CrossRef]

[9] M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Nötzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics1(10), 589–594 (2007). [CrossRef]

[10] M. A. Noginov, G. Zhu, A. M. Belgrave, R. Bakker, V. M. Shalaev, E. E. Narimanov, S. Stout, E. Herz, T. Suteewong, and U. Wiesner, “Demonstration of a spaser-based nanolaser,” Nature460(7259), 1110–1112 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[11] M. P. Nezhad, A. Simic, O. Bondarenko, B. Slutsky, A. Mizrahi, L. Feng, V. Lomakin, and Y. Fainman, “Room-temperature subwavelength metallo-dielectric lasers,” Nat. Photonics4(6), 395–399 (2010). [CrossRef]

[12] K. Yu, A. Lakhani, and M. C. Wu, “Subwavelength metal-optic semiconductor nanopatch lasers,” Opt. Express18(9), 8790–8799 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] D. A. Miller, “Optical Interconnects to Silicon,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.6(6), 1312–1317 (2000). [CrossRef]

[14] E. Purcell, “Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies,” Phys. Rev.69, 681 (1946).

[15] M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express17(13), 11107–11112 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] A. Mizrahi, V. Lomakin, B. A. Slutsky, M. P. Nezhad, L. Feng, and Y. Fainman, “Low threshold gain metal coated laser nanoresonators,” Opt. Lett.33(11), 1261–1263 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Phys. Rev. B6(12), 4370–4379 (1972). [CrossRef]

[18] T. Baba, “Photonic crystals and microdisk cavities based on GaInAsP-InP system,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.3(3), 808–830 (1997). [CrossRef]

[19] T. Baba, M. Fujita, A. Sakai, M. Kihara, and R. Watanabe, “Lasing characteristics of GaInAsP-InP strained quantum-well microdisk injection lasers with diameter of 2-10 µm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.9(7), 878–880 (1997). [CrossRef]

[20] M. Asada and Y. Suematsu, “Density-matrix theory of semiconductor lasers with relaxation broadening model-gain and gain-suppresion in semiconductor lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.21(5), 434–442 (1985). [CrossRef]

[21] Z. Liu, J. M. Shainline, G. E. Fernandes, J. Xu, J. Chen, and C. F. Gmachl, “Continuous-wave subwavelength microdisk lasers at λ = 1.53 µm,” Opt. Express18(18), 19242–19248 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[22] J. Van Campenhout, P. Rojo-Romeo, D. Van Thourhout, C. Seassal, P. Regreny, L. Di Cioccio, J.-M. Fedeli, and R. Baets, “Thermal characterization of electrically injected thin-film InGaAsP microdisk lasers on Si,” J. Lightwave Technol.25(6), 1543–1548 (2007). [CrossRef]

[23] F. Albert, T. Braun, T. Heindel, C. Schneider, S. Reitzenstein, S. Höfling, L. Worschech, and A. Forchel, “Whispering gallery mode lasing in electrically driven quantum dot micropillars,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(10), 101108 (2010). [CrossRef]

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Electrically pumped sub-wavelength metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers

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