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Group-index independent coupling to band engineered SOI photonic crystal waveguide with large slow-down factorSomayyeh Rahimi, Amir Hosseini, Xiaochuan Xu, Harish Subbaraman, and Ray T. Chen »View Author Affiliations
Somayyeh Rahimi,1,3,*
Amir Hosseini,1,3
Xiaochuan Xu,1
Harish Subbaraman,2
and Ray T. Chen1
1Microelectronic Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, 10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX 78758, USA 2Omega Optics, Inc, 10306 Sausalito Dr., Austin, TX 78759, USA 3Joint first authors *Corresponding author: nrahimi@utexas.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 22, pp. 21832-21841 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.021832
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Abstract
Group-index independent coupling to a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based band-engineered photonic crystal (PCW) waveguide is presented. A single hole size is used for designing both the PCW coupler and the band-engineered PCW to improve fabrication yield. Efficiency of several types of PCW couplers is numerically investigated. An on-chip integrated Fourier transform spectral interferometry device is used to experimentally determine the group-index while excluding the effect of the couplers. A low-loss, low-dispersion slow light transmission over 18nm bandwidth under the silica light line with a group index of 26.5 is demonstrated, that corresponds to the largest slow-down factor of 0.31 ever demonstrated for a PCW with oxide bottom cladding.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(230.7390) Optical devices : Waveguides, planar
(130.5296) Integrated optics : Photonic crystal waveguides
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
History
Original Manuscript: August 22, 2011
Revised Manuscript: October 4, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: October 6, 2011
Published: October 20, 2011
Citation
Somayyeh Rahimi, Amir Hosseini, Xiaochuan Xu, Harish Subbaraman, and Ray T. Chen, "Group-index independent coupling to band engineered SOI photonic crystal waveguide with large slow-down factor," Opt. Express 19, 21832-21841 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-22-21832
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References
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- M. G. Scullion, T. F. Krauss, and A. Di Falco, “High efficiency interference for coupling into slotted photonic crystal waveguide,” IEEE Photonics J.3(2), 203–208 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Schulz, L. O'Faolain, D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, A. Melloni, and T. F. Krauss, “Dispersion engineered slow light in photonic crystals: a comparison,” J. Opt.12(10), 104004 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, T. P. White, L. O’Faolain, A. Gomez-Iglesias, and T. F. Krauss, “Systematic design of flat band slow light in photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express16(9), 6227–6232 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D. Settle, R. J. P. Engelen, M. Salib, A. Michaeli, L. Kuipers, and T. F. Krauss, “Flatband slow light in photonic crystals featuring spatial pulse compression and terahertz bandwidth,” Opt. Express15(1), 219–226 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Gomez-Iglesias, D. O’Brien, L. O’Faolain, A. Miller, and T. F. Krauss, “Direct measurements of the group index of photonic crystal waveguide via Fourier transform spectral interferometry,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(26), 261107 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- Y. Hamachi, S. Kubo, and T. Baba, “Slow light with low dispersion and nonlinear enhancement in a lattice-shifted photonic crystal waveguide,” Opt. Lett.34(7), 1072–1074 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kubo, D. Mori, and T. Baba, “Low-group-velocity and low-dispersion slow light in photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Lett.32(20), 2981–2983 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-S. Chen, Y. Zhao, A. Hosseini, D. Kwong, W. Jiang, S. R. Bank, E. Tutuc, and R. T. Chen, “Delay time enhanced flat band photonic crystal waveguides with capsule-shaped holes on silicon nanomembrane,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.15(5), 1510–1514 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Hosseini, X. Xu, D. N. Kwong, H. Subbaraman, W. Jiang, and R. T. Chen, “On the role of evanescent modes and group index tapering in slow light photonic crystal waveguide coupling efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 031107 (2011). [CrossRef]
- W.-C. Lai, S. Chakravarty, X. Wang, C. Lin, and R. T. Chen, “On-chip methane sensing by near-IR absorption signatures in a photonic crystal slot waveguide,” Opt. Lett.36(6), 984–986 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C.-Y. Lin, X. Wang, S. Chakravarty, B. S. Lee, W.-C. Lai, and R. T. Chen, “Wideband group velocity independent coupling into slow light silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(18), 183302 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. Iliew, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, and F. Lederer, “Slow-light enhanced collinear second-harmonic generation in two dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. B77(11), 115124 (2008). [CrossRef]
- C.-Y. Lin, X. Wang, S. Chakravarty, B. S. Lee, W.-C. Lai, and R. T. Chen, “Wideband group velocity independent coupling into slow light silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(18), 183302 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. G. Johnson, P. Bienstman, M. A. Skorobogatiy, M. Ibanescu, E. Lidorikis, and J. D. Joannopoulos, “Adiabatic theorem and continuous coupled-mode theory for efficient taper transitions in photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.66(6), 066608 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C.-Y. Lin, X. Wang, S. Chakravarty, B. S. Lee, W.-C. Lai, and R. T. Chen, “Wideband group velocity independent coupling into slow light silicon photonic crystal waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(18), 183302 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Schulz, L. O'Faolain, D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, A. Melloni, and T. F. Krauss, “Dispersion engineered slow light in photonic crystals: a comparison,” J. Opt.12(10), 104004 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Gomez-Iglesias, D. O’Brien, L. O’Faolain, A. Miller, and T. F. Krauss, “Direct measurements of the group index of photonic crystal waveguide via Fourier transform spectral interferometry,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(26), 261107 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Kubo, D. Mori, and T. Baba, “Low-group-velocity and low-dispersion slow light in photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Lett.32(20), 2981–2983 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Mori and T. Baba, “Wideband and low dispersion slow light by chirped photonic crystal coupled waveguide,” Opt. Express13(23), 9398–9408 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokohama, “Structural tuning of guiding modes of line defect waveguides of silicon on insulator photonic crystal slabs,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.38(7), 736 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Notomi, K. Yamada, A. Shinya, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokohama, “Extremely large group-velocity dispersion of line-defect waveguides in photonic crystal slabs,” Phys. Rev. Lett.87(25), 253902 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Gomez-Iglesias, D. O’Brien, L. O’Faolain, A. Miller, and T. F. Krauss, “Direct measurements of the group index of photonic crystal waveguide via Fourier transform spectral interferometry,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(26), 261107 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, T. P. White, L. O’Faolain, A. Gomez-Iglesias, and T. F. Krauss, “Systematic design of flat band slow light in photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express16(9), 6227–6232 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Gomez-Iglesias, D. O’Brien, L. O’Faolain, A. Miller, and T. F. Krauss, “Direct measurements of the group index of photonic crystal waveguide via Fourier transform spectral interferometry,” Appl. Phys. Lett.90(26), 261107 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Schulz, L. O'Faolain, D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, A. Melloni, and T. F. Krauss, “Dispersion engineered slow light in photonic crystals: a comparison,” J. Opt.12(10), 104004 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. Iliew, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, and F. Lederer, “Slow-light enhanced collinear second-harmonic generation in two dimensional photonic crystals,” Phys. Rev. B77(11), 115124 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Y. Petrov and M. Eich, “Zero dispersion at small group velocities in photonic crystal waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett.85(21), 4866–4868 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S. A. Schulz, L. O'Faolain, D. M. Beggs, T. P. White, A. Melloni, and T. F. Krauss, “Dispersion engineered slow light in photonic crystals: a comparison,” J. Opt.12(10), 104004 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. G. Scullion, T. F. Krauss, and A. Di Falco, “High efficiency interference for coupling into slotted photonic crystal waveguide,” IEEE Photonics J.3(2), 203–208 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- W. Song, R. A. Integlia, and W. Jiang, “Slow light loss due to roughness in photonic crystal waveguides: An analytic approach,” Phys. Rev. B82(23), 235306 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Hosseini, X. Xu, D. N. Kwong, H. Subbaraman, W. Jiang, and R. T. Chen, “On the role of evanescent modes and group index tapering in slow light photonic crystal waveguide coupling efficiency,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 031107 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- J. P. Hugonin, P. Lalanne, T. P. White, and T. F. Krauss, “Coupling into slow-mode photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Lett.32(18), 2638–2640 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
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IEEE Photonics J.
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