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Power optimization of XUV frequency combs for spectroscopy applications [Invited]D. C. Yost, A. Cingöz, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye »View Author Affiliations
D. C. Yost,1,*
A. Cingöz,1
T. K. Allison,1
A. Ruehl,2,3
M. E. Fermann,2
I. Hartl,2
and J. Ye1
1JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Colorado Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA 2IMRA America, Inc., 1044 Woodridge Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA 3Present address: Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands *Corresponding author: dylan.yost@colorado.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 23, pp. 23483-23493 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.023483
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Abstract
We address technical impediments to the generation of high-photon flux XUV frequency combs through cavity-enhanced high harmonic generation. These difficulties arise from mirror damage, cavity nonlinearity, the intracavity plasma generated during the HHG process, and imperfect phase-matching. By eliminating or minimizing each of these effects we have developed a system capable of generating > 200 μW and delivering ~20 μW of average power for each spectrally separated harmonic (wavelengths ranging from 50 nm - 120 nm), to actual comb-based spectroscopy experiments.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(190.7110) Nonlinear optics : Ultrafast nonlinear optics
(300.6540) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, ultraviolet
ToC Category:
Frequency Conversion, Combs and Nonlinear Waveguides
History
Original Manuscript: September 19, 2011
Revised Manuscript: October 26, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: October 27, 2011
Published: November 2, 2011
Virtual Issues
Nonlinear Optics (2011) Optical Materials Express
Citation
D. C. Yost, A. Cingöz, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, "Power optimization of XUV frequency combs for spectroscopy applications [Invited]," Opt. Express 19, 23483-23493 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-23-23483
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References
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- M. Herrmann, M. Haas, U. D. Jentschura, F. Kottmann, D. Leibfried, G. Saathoff, Ch. Gohle, A. Ozawa, V. Batteiger, S. Knünz, N. Kolachevsky, H. A. Schüssler, T. W. Hänsch, and Th. Udem, “Feasibility of coherent xuv spectroscopy on the 1S-2S transition in singly ionized helium,” Phys. Rev. A79(5), 052505 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, Th. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and Th. Udem, “High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.100(25), 253901 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature436(7048), 234–237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ravasio, D. Gauthier, F. R. N. C. Maia, M. Billon, J.-P. Caumes, D. Garzella, M. Géléoc, O. Gobert, J. F. Hergott, A. M. Pena, H. Perez, B. Carré, E. Bourhis, J. Gierak, A. Madouri, D. Mailly, B. Schiedt, M. Fajardo, J. Gautier, P. Zeitoun, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. Hajdu, and H. Merdji, “Single-shot diffractive imaging with a table-top femtosecond soft x-ray laser-harmonics source,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(2), 028104 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. P. Kanter, R. Santra, C. Höhr, E. R. Peterson, J. Rudati, D. A. Arms, E. M. Dufresne, R. W. Dunford, D. L. Ederer, B. Krässig, E. C. Landahl, S. H. Southworth, and L. Young, “Characterization of the spatiotemporal evolution of laser-generated plasmas,” J. Appl. Phys.104(7), 073307 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Broadband phase noise suppression in a Yb-fiber frequency comb,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 743–745 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, J. Ye, J. L. Tate, J. Hostetter, M. B. Gaarde, and K. J. Schafer, “Vacuumultraviolet frequency combs from below-threshold harmonics,” Nat. Phys.5, 815 (2009).
- T. R. Schibli, I. Hartl, D. C. Yost, M. J. Martin, A. Marcinkevičius, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Optical frequency comb with submillihertz linewidth and more than 10 W average power,” Nat. Photonics2(6), 355–359 (2008). [CrossRef]
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- E. E. Eyler, D. E. Chieda, M. C. Stowe, M. J. Thorpe, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Prospects for precision measurements of atomic helium using direct frequency comb spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. D48(1), 43–55 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. Hartl, T. R. Schibli, A. Marcinkevicius, D. C. Yost, D. D. Hudson, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Cavity-enhanced similariton Yb-fiber laser frequency comb: 3 x 1014 W/ cm2 peak intensity at 136 MHz,” Opt. Lett.32(19), 2870–2872 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ravasio, D. Gauthier, F. R. N. C. Maia, M. Billon, J.-P. Caumes, D. Garzella, M. Géléoc, O. Gobert, J. F. Hergott, A. M. Pena, H. Perez, B. Carré, E. Bourhis, J. Gierak, A. Madouri, D. Mailly, B. Schiedt, M. Fajardo, J. Gautier, P. Zeitoun, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. Hajdu, and H. Merdji, “Single-shot diffractive imaging with a table-top femtosecond soft x-ray laser-harmonics source,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(2), 028104 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Vernaleken, J. Weitenberg, T. Sartorius, P. Russbueldt, W. Schneider, S. L. Stebbings, M. F. Kling, P. Hommelhoff, H. D. Hoffmann, R. Poprawe, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “Single-pass high-harmonic generation at 20.8 MHz repetition rate,” Opt. Lett.36(17), 3428–3430 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ozawa, A. Vernaleken, W. Schneider, I. Gotlibovych, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hänsch, “Non-collinear high harmonic generation: a promising outcoupling method for cavity-assisted XUV generation,” Opt. Express16(9), 6233–6239 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature436(7048), 234–237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, H.-J. Fuchs, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. L. Stebbings, and M. F. Kling, “Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses,” Opt. Express19(3), 1954–1962 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- E. E. Eyler, D. E. Chieda, M. C. Stowe, M. J. Thorpe, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Prospects for precision measurements of atomic helium using direct frequency comb spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. D48(1), 43–55 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Marian, M. C. Stowe, D. Felinto, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb measurements of absolute optical frequencies and population transfer dynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(2), 023001 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Marian, M. C. Stowe, J. R. Lawall, D. Felinto, and J. Ye, “United time-frequency spectroscopy for dynamics and global structure,” Science306(5704), 2063–2068 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, H.-J. Fuchs, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. L. Stebbings, and M. F. Kling, “Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses,” Opt. Express19(3), 1954–1962 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Tamir and S. T. Peng, “Analysis and design of grating couplers,” Appl. Phys. (Berl.)14(3), 235–254 (1977). [CrossRef]
- J. Tate, T. Auguste, H. G. Muller, P. Salières, P. Agostini, and L. F. DiMauro, “Scaling of wave-packet dynamics in an intense midinfrared field,” Phys. Rev. Lett.98(1), 013901 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, J. Ye, J. L. Tate, J. Hostetter, M. B. Gaarde, and K. J. Schafer, “Vacuumultraviolet frequency combs from below-threshold harmonics,” Nat. Phys.5, 815 (2009).
- E. E. Eyler, D. E. Chieda, M. C. Stowe, M. J. Thorpe, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Prospects for precision measurements of atomic helium using direct frequency comb spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. D48(1), 43–55 (2008). [CrossRef]
- R. J. Jones, K. D. Moll, M. J. Thorpe, and J. Ye, “Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(19), 193201 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, Th. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, S. Hanf, E. Seise, T. V. Andersen, T. Gabler, C. Wirth, T. Schreiber, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond fiber CPA system emitting 830 W average output power,” Opt. Lett.35(2), 94–96 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, Th. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Herrmann, M. Haas, U. D. Jentschura, F. Kottmann, D. Leibfried, G. Saathoff, Ch. Gohle, A. Ozawa, V. Batteiger, S. Knünz, N. Kolachevsky, H. A. Schüssler, T. W. Hänsch, and Th. Udem, “Feasibility of coherent xuv spectroscopy on the 1S-2S transition in singly ionized helium,” Phys. Rev. A79(5), 052505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and Th. Udem, “High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.100(25), 253901 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ozawa, A. Vernaleken, W. Schneider, I. Gotlibovych, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hänsch, “Non-collinear high harmonic generation: a promising outcoupling method for cavity-assisted XUV generation,” Opt. Express16(9), 6233–6239 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature436(7048), 234–237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Vernaleken, J. Weitenberg, T. Sartorius, P. Russbueldt, W. Schneider, S. L. Stebbings, M. F. Kling, P. Hommelhoff, H. D. Hoffmann, R. Poprawe, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “Single-pass high-harmonic generation at 20.8 MHz repetition rate,” Opt. Lett.36(17), 3428–3430 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ozawa, A. Vernaleken, W. Schneider, I. Gotlibovych, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hänsch, “Non-collinear high harmonic generation: a promising outcoupling method for cavity-assisted XUV generation,” Opt. Express16(9), 6233–6239 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and Th. Udem, “High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.100(25), 253901 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Weitenberg, P. Rußbüldt, T. Eidam, and I. Pupeza, “Transverse mode tailoring in a quasi-imaging high-finesse femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Opt. Express19(10), 9551–9561 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, H.-J. Fuchs, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. L. Stebbings, and M. F. Kling, “Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses,” Opt. Express19(3), 1954–1962 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Broadband phase noise suppression in a Yb-fiber frequency comb,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 743–745 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Accepted to Nature (2011).
- T. K. Allison, A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, and J. Ye, “Extreme nonlinear optics in a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev Lett.107, 183903 (2011).
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, J. Ye, J. L. Tate, J. Hostetter, M. B. Gaarde, and K. J. Schafer, “Vacuumultraviolet frequency combs from below-threshold harmonics,” Nat. Phys.5, 815 (2009).
- T. R. Schibli, I. Hartl, D. C. Yost, M. J. Martin, A. Marcinkevičius, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Optical frequency comb with submillihertz linewidth and more than 10 W average power,” Nat. Photonics2(6), 355–359 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Efficient output coupling of intracavity high-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett.33(10), 1099–1101 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. E. Eyler, D. E. Chieda, M. C. Stowe, M. J. Thorpe, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Prospects for precision measurements of atomic helium using direct frequency comb spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. D48(1), 43–55 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. Hartl, T. R. Schibli, A. Marcinkevicius, D. C. Yost, D. D. Hudson, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Cavity-enhanced similariton Yb-fiber laser frequency comb: 3 x 1014 W/ cm2 peak intensity at 136 MHz,” Opt. Lett.32(19), 2870–2872 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. D. Moll, R. J. Jones, and J. Ye, “Output coupling methods for cavity-based high-harmonic generation,” Opt. Express14(18), 8189–8197 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Marian, M. C. Stowe, D. Felinto, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb measurements of absolute optical frequencies and population transfer dynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(2), 023001 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Jones, K. D. Moll, M. J. Thorpe, and J. Ye, “Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(19), 193201 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Moll, R. Jones, and J. Ye, “Nonlinear dynamics inside femtosecond enhancement cavities,” Opt. Express13(5), 1672–1678 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Marian, M. C. Stowe, J. R. Lawall, D. Felinto, and J. Ye, “United time-frequency spectroscopy for dynamics and global structure,” Science306(5704), 2063–2068 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Broadband phase noise suppression in a Yb-fiber frequency comb,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 743–745 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. K. Allison, A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, and J. Ye, “Extreme nonlinear optics in a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev Lett.107, 183903 (2011).
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Accepted to Nature (2011).
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, J. Ye, J. L. Tate, J. Hostetter, M. B. Gaarde, and K. J. Schafer, “Vacuumultraviolet frequency combs from below-threshold harmonics,” Nat. Phys.5, 815 (2009).
- T. R. Schibli, I. Hartl, D. C. Yost, M. J. Martin, A. Marcinkevičius, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Optical frequency comb with submillihertz linewidth and more than 10 W average power,” Nat. Photonics2(6), 355–359 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Efficient output coupling of intracavity high-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett.33(10), 1099–1101 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Hartl, T. R. Schibli, A. Marcinkevicius, D. C. Yost, D. D. Hudson, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Cavity-enhanced similariton Yb-fiber laser frequency comb: 3 x 1014 W/ cm2 peak intensity at 136 MHz,” Opt. Lett.32(19), 2870–2872 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. P. Kanter, R. Santra, C. Höhr, E. R. Peterson, J. Rudati, D. A. Arms, E. M. Dufresne, R. W. Dunford, D. L. Ederer, B. Krässig, E. C. Landahl, S. H. Southworth, and L. Young, “Characterization of the spatiotemporal evolution of laser-generated plasmas,” J. Appl. Phys.104(7), 073307 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Ravasio, D. Gauthier, F. R. N. C. Maia, M. Billon, J.-P. Caumes, D. Garzella, M. Géléoc, O. Gobert, J. F. Hergott, A. M. Pena, H. Perez, B. Carré, E. Bourhis, J. Gierak, A. Madouri, D. Mailly, B. Schiedt, M. Fajardo, J. Gautier, P. Zeitoun, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. Hajdu, and H. Merdji, “Single-shot diffractive imaging with a table-top femtosecond soft x-ray laser-harmonics source,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(2), 028104 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süßmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, H.-J. Fuchs, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. L. Stebbings, and M. F. Kling, “Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses,” Opt. Express19(3), 1954–1962 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. (Berl.)
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
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Eur. Phys. J. D
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J. Appl. Phys.
- E. P. Kanter, R. Santra, C. Höhr, E. R. Peterson, J. Rudati, D. A. Arms, E. M. Dufresne, R. W. Dunford, D. L. Ederer, B. Krässig, E. C. Landahl, S. H. Southworth, and L. Young, “Characterization of the spatiotemporal evolution of laser-generated plasmas,” J. Appl. Phys.104(7), 073307 (2008). [CrossRef]
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J. Chem. Phys.
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Nat. Photonics
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Nat. Phys.
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Nature
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Opt. Lett.
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Phys. Rev Lett.
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Phys. Rev. A
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Science
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Other
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2011, Lee, Opt. Express
2011, Vernaleken, Opt. Lett.
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- T. K. Allison, A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, and J. Ye, “Extreme nonlinear optics in a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev Lett.107, 183903 (2011).
- A. Cingöz, D. C. Yost, T. K. Allison, A. Ruehl, M. E. Fermann, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet,” Accepted to Nature (2011).
- D. Z. Kandula, Ch. Gohle, T. J. Pinkert, W. Ubachs, and K. S. E. Eikema, “Extreme ultraviolet frequency comb metrology,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(6), 063001 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Yost, T. R. Schibli, J. Ye, J. L. Tate, J. Hostetter, M. B. Gaarde, and K. J. Schafer, “Vacuumultraviolet frequency combs from below-threshold harmonics,” Nat. Phys.5, 815 (2009).
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- F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81(1), 163–234 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Herrmann, M. Haas, U. D. Jentschura, F. Kottmann, D. Leibfried, G. Saathoff, Ch. Gohle, A. Ozawa, V. Batteiger, S. Knünz, N. Kolachevsky, H. A. Schüssler, T. W. Hänsch, and Th. Udem, “Feasibility of coherent xuv spectroscopy on the 1S-2S transition in singly ionized helium,” Phys. Rev. A79(5), 052505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- E. E. Eyler, D. E. Chieda, M. C. Stowe, M. J. Thorpe, T. R. Schibli, and J. Ye, “Prospects for precision measurements of atomic helium using direct frequency comb spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. D48(1), 43–55 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. H. Loh and S. R. Leone, “Ultrafast strong-field dissociative ionization dynamics of CH2Br2 probed by femtosecond soft x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy,” J. Chem. Phys.128(20), 204302 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. R. Schibli, I. Hartl, D. C. Yost, M. J. Martin, A. Marcinkevičius, M. E. Fermann, and J. Ye, “Optical frequency comb with submillihertz linewidth and more than 10 W average power,” Nat. Photonics2(6), 355–359 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, Ch. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D. R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. W. Hänsch, and Th. Udem, “High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.100(25), 253901 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. Marian, M. C. Stowe, D. Felinto, and J. Ye, “Direct frequency comb measurements of absolute optical frequencies and population transfer dynamics,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(2), 023001 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. J. Jones, K. D. Moll, M. J. Thorpe, and J. Ye, “Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94(19), 193201 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ch. Gohle, Th. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H. A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, and T. W. Hänsch, “A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet,” Nature436(7048), 234–237 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Marian, M. C. Stowe, J. R. Lawall, D. Felinto, and J. Ye, “United time-frequency spectroscopy for dynamics and global structure,” Science306(5704), 2063–2068 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.-F. Hergott, M. Kovacev, H. Merdji, C. Hubert, Y. Mairesse, E. Jean, P. Breger, P. Agostini, B. Carré, and P. Salières, “Extreme-ultraviolet high-order harmonic pulses in the microjoule range,” Phys. Rev. A66(2), 021801 (2002). [CrossRef]
- E. Constant, D. Garzella, P. Breger, E. Mével, Ch. Dorrer, C. Le Blanc, F. Salin, and P. Agostini, “Optimizing high harmonic generation in absorbing gases: model and experiment,” Phys. Rev. Lett.82(8), 1668–1671 (1999). [CrossRef]
- L. D. Merkle, N. Koumvakalis, and M. Bass, “Laser-induced bulk damage in SiO2 at 1.064, 0.532, and 0.355 µm,” J. Appl. Phys.55(3), 772 (1984). [CrossRef]
- T. Tamir and S. T. Peng, “Analysis and design of grating couplers,” Appl. Phys. (Berl.)14(3), 235–254 (1977). [CrossRef]
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