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Basic considerations on coherent combining of ultrashort laser pulsesArno Klenke, Enrico Seise, Jens Limpert, and Andreas Tünnermann »View Author Affiliations
Arno Klenke,1,3,*
Enrico Seise,1,3
Jens Limpert,1,2,3
and Andreas Tünnermann1,2,3
1Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany 2Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07743 Jena, Germany 3Helmholtz-Institute Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany *Corresponding author: arno.klenke@uni-jena.de |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 25, pp. 25379-25387 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.025379
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Abstract
Coherent combining is a novel approach to scale the performance of laser amplifiers. The use of ultrashort pulses in a coherent combining setup results in new challenges compared to continuous wave operation or to pulses on the nanosecond timescale, because temporal and spectral effects such as self-phase modulation, dispersion and the optical path length difference between the pulses have to be considered. In this paper the impact of these effects on the combining process has been investigated and simple analytical equations for the evaluation of this impact have been obtained. These formulas provide design guidelines for laser systems using coherent combining. The results show that, in spite of the temporal and spectral effects mentioned above, for a carefully adjusted and stabilized system an excellent efficiency of the combining process can still be achieved.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(060.2320) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators
(140.7090) Lasers and laser optics : Ultrafast lasers
(140.3298) Lasers and laser optics : Laser beam combining
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: July 18, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 23, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: November 18, 2011
Published: November 28, 2011
Citation
Arno Klenke, Enrico Seise, Jens Limpert, and Andreas Tünnermann, "Basic considerations on coherent combining of ultrashort laser pulses," Opt. Express 19, 25379-25387 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-25-25379
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References
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Druon, F.
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- T. Eidam, S. Hanf, E. Seise, T. V. Andersen, Th. Gabler, Ch. Wirth, Th. Schreiber, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond fiber CPA system emitting 830 W average output power,” Opt. Lett.35(2), 94–96 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-2-94 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. Uberna, A. Bratcher, T. G. Alley, A. D. Sanchez, A. S. Flores, and B. Pulford, “Coherent combination of high power fiber amplifiers in a two-dimensional re-imaging waveguide,” Opt. Express18(13), 13547–13553 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-13-13547 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, Y. Zaouter, E. Mottay, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, and P. Georges, “Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 621–623 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-5-621 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. E. Baer, Ch. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, Th. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-13-2302 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, Y. Zaouter, E. Mottay, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, and P. Georges, “Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 621–623 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-5-621 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, J. Rothhardt, F. Stutzki, F. Jansen, S. Hädrich, H. Carstens, C. Jauregui, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 3.8 GW peak power,” Opt. Express19(1), 255–260 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-255 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, Y. Zaouter, E. Mottay, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, and P. Georges, “Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 621–623 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-5-621 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Hänsch and B. Couillaud, “Laser frequency stabilization by polarization spectroscopy of a reflecting reference cavity,” Opt. Commun.35(3), 441–444 (1980). [CrossRef]
- C. R. E. Baer, Ch. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, Th. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-13-2302 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. E. Baer, Ch. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, Th. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-13-2302 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, J. Rothhardt, F. Stutzki, F. Jansen, S. Hädrich, H. Carstens, C. Jauregui, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 3.8 GW peak power,” Opt. Express19(1), 255–260 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-255 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, J. Rothhardt, F. Stutzki, F. Jansen, S. Hädrich, H. Carstens, C. Jauregui, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 3.8 GW peak power,” Opt. Express19(1), 255–260 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-255 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. E. Baer, Ch. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, Th. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-13-2302 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Seise, A. Klenke, S. Breitkopf, M. Plötner, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherently combined fiber laser system delivering 120 μJ femtosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett.36(4), 439–441 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-4-439 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Seise, A. Klenke, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherent addition of fiber-amplified ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Express18(26), 27827–27835 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-26-27827 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. E. Baer, Ch. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, Th. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-13-2302 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Seise, A. Klenke, S. Breitkopf, M. Plötner, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherently combined fiber laser system delivering 120 μJ femtosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett.36(4), 439–441 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-4-439 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, J. Rothhardt, F. Stutzki, F. Jansen, S. Hädrich, H. Carstens, C. Jauregui, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 3.8 GW peak power,” Opt. Express19(1), 255–260 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-255 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, S. Hanf, E. Seise, T. V. Andersen, Th. Gabler, Ch. Wirth, Th. Schreiber, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond fiber CPA system emitting 830 W average output power,” Opt. Lett.35(2), 94–96 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-2-94 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Seise, A. Klenke, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherent addition of fiber-amplified ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Express18(26), 27827–27835 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-26-27827 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. N. Schimpf, E. Seise, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Self-phase modulation compensated by positive dispersion in chirped-pulse systems,” Opt. Express17(7), 4997–5007 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-7-4997 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, Y. Zaouter, E. Mottay, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, and P. Georges, “Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 621–623 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-5-621 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, Y. Zaouter, E. Mottay, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, and P. Georges, “Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 621–623 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-5-621 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Petermann, K.
- C. R. E. Baer, Ch. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, Th. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-13-2302 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. E. Baer, Ch. Kränkel, C. J. Saraceno, O. H. Heckl, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, Th. Südmeyer, G. Huber, and U. Keller, “Femtosecond thin-disk laser with 141 W of average power,” Opt. Lett.35(13), 2302–2304 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-13-2302 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Uberna, A. Bratcher, T. G. Alley, A. D. Sanchez, A. S. Flores, and B. Pulford, “Coherent combination of high power fiber amplifiers in a two-dimensional re-imaging waveguide,” Opt. Express18(13), 13547–13553 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-13-13547 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, J. Rothhardt, F. Stutzki, F. Jansen, S. Hädrich, H. Carstens, C. Jauregui, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 3.8 GW peak power,” Opt. Express19(1), 255–260 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-255 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Uberna, A. Bratcher, T. G. Alley, A. D. Sanchez, A. S. Flores, and B. Pulford, “Coherent combination of high power fiber amplifiers in a two-dimensional re-imaging waveguide,” Opt. Express18(13), 13547–13553 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-13-13547 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- E. Seise, A. Klenke, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherent addition of fiber-amplified ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Express18(26), 27827–27835 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-26-27827 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Eidam, S. Hanf, E. Seise, T. V. Andersen, Th. Gabler, Ch. Wirth, Th. Schreiber, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond fiber CPA system emitting 830 W average output power,” Opt. Lett.35(2), 94–96 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-2-94 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Stutzki, F.
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- E. Seise, A. Klenke, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherent addition of fiber-amplified ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Express18(26), 27827–27835 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-26-27827 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- D. N. Schimpf, E. Seise, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Self-phase modulation compensated by positive dispersion in chirped-pulse systems,” Opt. Express17(7), 4997–5007 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-7-4997 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Uberna, A. Bratcher, T. G. Alley, A. D. Sanchez, A. S. Flores, and B. Pulford, “Coherent combination of high power fiber amplifiers in a two-dimensional re-imaging waveguide,” Opt. Express18(13), 13547–13553 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-13-13547 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Opt. Commun.
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- E. Seise, A. Klenke, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherent addition of fiber-amplified ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Express18(26), 27827–27835 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-26-27827 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Opt. Lett.
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- E. Seise, A. Klenke, S. Breitkopf, M. Plötner, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Coherently combined fiber laser system delivering 120 μJ femtosecond pulses,” Opt. Lett.36(4), 439–441 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-4-439 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Other
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- T. Eidam, J. Rothhardt, F. Stutzki, F. Jansen, S. Hädrich, H. Carstens, C. Jauregui, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Fiber chirped-pulse amplification system emitting 3.8 GW peak power,” Opt. Express19(1), 255–260 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-1-255 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Daniault, M. Hanna, L. Lombard, Y. Zaouter, E. Mottay, D. Goular, P. Bourdon, F. Druon, and P. Georges, “Coherent beam combining of two femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett.36(5), 621–623 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-36-5-621 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T. W. Hänsch, and F. Krausz, “Power scaling of a high-repetition-rate enhancement cavity,” Opt. Lett.35(12), 2052–2054 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/ol/abstract.cfm?&uri=ol-35-12-2052 . [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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1980, Hänsch, Opt. Commun.
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