We theoretically investigate the isolated attosecond pulse generation with a 1300-nm infrared few-cycle laser pulse from the CO medium. It is found that the supercontinuum in the plateau from CO in the microscopic level can be generated for nearly all the carrier-envelop phase(CEP) of the driving pulse. The macroscopic investigation shows that when the molecular axis is parallel to the electric field, the supercontinuum can be phase-matched in broader spectral range than the antiparallel case and achieve a good beam quality with the divergence angle of 0.2 mrad, which benefits for some potential applications of ultrafast detections with high spatial and temporal resolutions.

© 2011 OSA

1. R. Kienberger, E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, F. Bammer, A. Scrinzi, Th. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Atomic transient recorder,” Nature (London)427, 817–821 (2004).
2. M. I. Stockman, M. F. Kling, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond nanoplasmonic-field microscope,” Nat. Photonics1, 539–544 (2007).
3. F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81, 163–234 (2009).
4. P. Antoine, A. L’Huillier, and M. Lewenstein, “Attosecond pulse trains using high-order harmonics” Phys. Rev. Lett.77, 1234–1237 (1996). [PubMed]
5. P. Corkum, “Plasma perspective on strong-filed multiphoton ionization,” Phys. Rev. Lett.71, 1994–1997 (1993). [PubMed]
6. I. Christov, M. Murnane, and H. Kapteyn, “High-Harmonic Generation of Attosecond Pulses in the ‘Single-Cycle’ Regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett.78, 1251–1254 (1997).
7. Z. Chang, “Single attosecond pulse and xuv supercontinuum in the high-order harmonic plateau,” Phys. Rev. A70, 043802 (2004).
8. P. Lan, P. Lu, W. Cao, Y. Li, and X. Wang, “Isolated sub-100-as pulse generation via controlling electron dynamics,” Phys. Rev. A76, 011402(R) (2007).
9. P. Lan, P. Lu, Q. Li, W. Hong, and Q. Zhang, “Macroscopic effects for quantum control of broadband isolated attosecond pulse generation with a two-color field,” Phys. Rev. A79, 043413 (2009).
10. Y. Zheng, Z. Zeng, X. Li, X. Chen, P. Liu, H. Xiong, H. Lu, S. Zhao, P. Wei, L. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Liu, Y. Cheng, R. Li, and Z. Xu, “Enhancement and broadening of extreme-ultraviolet supercontinuum in a relative phase controlled two-color laser field,” Opt. Lett.33, 234–236 (2008). [PubMed]
11. W. Hong, Q. Zhang, Z. Yang, and P. Lu, “Electron dynamic control for the quantum path in the midinfrared regime using a weak near-infrared pulse,” Phys. Rev. A80, 053407 (2009).
12. P. Lan, P. Lu, W. Cao, Y. Li, and X. Wang, “Attosecond ionization gating for isolated attosecond electron wave packet and broadband attosecond xuv pulses,” Phys. Rev. A76, 051801(R) (2007).
13. W. Hong, Y. Li, P. Lu, P. Lan, Q. Zhang, and X. Wang, “Control of quantum paths in the multicycle regime and efficient broadband attosecond pulse generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25, 1684–1689 (2009).
14. P. Lan, P. Lu, W. Cao, X. Wang, and W. Hong, “Single attosecond pulse generation from asymmetric molecules with a multicycle laser pulse,” Opt. Lett.32, 1186–1188 (2007). [PubMed]
15. G. Kamta and A. Bandrauk, “Phase dependence of enhanced ionization in Asymmetric molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94, 203003 (2005). [PubMed]
16. Q. Liao, P. Lu, Q. Zhang, Z. Yang, and X. Wang, “Doulbe ionization of HeH+ molecules in intense laser fields,” Opt. Express16, 17070–17075 (2008). [PubMed]
17. K. Liu, W. Hong, and P. Lu, “Phase dependence of electron localization in HeH2+ dissociation with an intense few-cycle laser pulse,” Opt. Express19, 20279–20287 (2011). [PubMed]
18. Q. Li, W. Hong, Q. Zhang, S. Wang, and P. Lu, “Isolated-attosecond-pulse generation from asymmetric molecules with an ω+2ω/3 multicycle two-color field,” Phys. Rev. A81, 053846 (2010).
19. Q. Zhang, P. Lu, W. Hong, Q. Liao, and S. Wang, “Control of high-order harmonic generation from molecules lacking inversion symmetry with a polarization gating method,” Phys. Rev. A79, 053406 (2009).
20. S. De, I. Znakovskaya, D. Ray, F. Anis, N. G. Johnson, I. Bocharaova, M. Magrakvelidze, B. D. Esry, C. L. Cocke, I. V. Litvinyuk, and M. F. Kling, “Field-free orientation of CO molecules by femtosecond two-color laser fields,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103, 153002 (2009). [PubMed]
21. M. Lewenstein, Ph. Balcou, M. Yu. Ivanov, A. L’Huillier, and P. Corkum, “Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A49, 2117–2132 (1994). [PubMed]
22. X. M. Tong, Z. X. Zhao, and C. D. Lin, “Theory of molecular tunneling ionization,” Phys. Rev. A66, 033402 (2002).
23. D. Dill and J. L. Dehmer, “Electronmolecule scattering and molecular photoionization using the multiplescattering method,” J. Chem. Phys.61, 692–699 (1974).
24. M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, J. A. Montgomery, T. Vreven, K. N. Kudin, J. C. Burant, J. M. Millam, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, M. Cossi, G. Scalmani, N. Rega, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, M. Klene, X. Li, J. E. Knox, H. P. Hratchian, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, P. Y. Ayala, K. Morokuma, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, V. G. Zakrzewski, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, M. C. Strain, O. Farkas, D. K. Malick, A. D. Rabuck, K. Raghavachari, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, Q. Cui, A. G. Baboul, S. Clifford, J. Cioslowski, B. B. Stefanov, G. Liu, A. Liashenko, P. Piskorz, I. Komaromi, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, T. Keith, M. A. Al-Laham, C. Y. Peng, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, P. M. W. Gill, B. Johnson, W. Chen, M. W. Wong, C. Gonzalez, and J. A. Pople, “Gaussian 03, Revision C.02,” Gaussian Inc., Wallingford, CT (2010).
25. M. Abu-samha and L. B. Madsen, “Photoelectron angular distributions from polar molecules probed by intense femtosecond lasers,” Phys. Rev. A82, 043413 (2010).
26. A. Etches and L. B. Madsen, “Extending the strong-field approximation of high-order harmonic generation to polar molecules: gating mechanisms and extension of the harmonic cutoff,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.43, 155602 (2010).
27. E. Priori, G. Cerullo, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, S. De Silvestri, P. Villoresi, L. Poletto, P. Ceccherini, C. Altucci, R. Bruzzese, and C. de Lisio, “Nonadiabatic three-dimentional model of high-order harmonic generation in the few-optical cycle regime,” Phys. Rev. A61, 063801 (2000).
28. C. Jin, A. Le, and C. D. Lin, “Medium propagation effects in high-order harmonic generation of Ar and N2,” Phys. Rev. A83, 023411 (2011).

J. Chem. Phys.

• D. Dill and J. L. Dehmer, “Electronmolecule scattering and molecular photoionization using the multiplescattering method,” J. Chem. Phys.61, 692–699 (1974).

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

• W. Hong, Y. Li, P. Lu, P. Lan, Q. Zhang, and X. Wang, “Control of quantum paths in the multicycle regime and efficient broadband attosecond pulse generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B25, 1684–1689 (2009).

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

• A. Etches and L. B. Madsen, “Extending the strong-field approximation of high-order harmonic generation to polar molecules: gating mechanisms and extension of the harmonic cutoff,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.43, 155602 (2010).

Nat. Photonics

• M. I. Stockman, M. F. Kling, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz, “Attosecond nanoplasmonic-field microscope,” Nat. Photonics1, 539–544 (2007).

Nature (London)

• R. Kienberger, E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, F. Bammer, A. Scrinzi, Th. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz, “Atomic transient recorder,” Nature (London)427, 817–821 (2004).

Opt. Express

• Q. Liao, P. Lu, Q. Zhang, Z. Yang, and X. Wang, “Doulbe ionization of HeH+ molecules in intense laser fields,” Opt. Express16, 17070–17075 (2008). [PubMed]
• K. Liu, W. Hong, and P. Lu, “Phase dependence of electron localization in HeH2+ dissociation with an intense few-cycle laser pulse,” Opt. Express19, 20279–20287 (2011). [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• P. Lan, P. Lu, W. Cao, X. Wang, and W. Hong, “Single attosecond pulse generation from asymmetric molecules with a multicycle laser pulse,” Opt. Lett.32, 1186–1188 (2007). [PubMed]
• Y. Zheng, Z. Zeng, X. Li, X. Chen, P. Liu, H. Xiong, H. Lu, S. Zhao, P. Wei, L. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Liu, Y. Cheng, R. Li, and Z. Xu, “Enhancement and broadening of extreme-ultraviolet supercontinuum in a relative phase controlled two-color laser field,” Opt. Lett.33, 234–236 (2008). [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. A

• W. Hong, Q. Zhang, Z. Yang, and P. Lu, “Electron dynamic control for the quantum path in the midinfrared regime using a weak near-infrared pulse,” Phys. Rev. A80, 053407 (2009).
• P. Lan, P. Lu, W. Cao, Y. Li, and X. Wang, “Attosecond ionization gating for isolated attosecond electron wave packet and broadband attosecond xuv pulses,” Phys. Rev. A76, 051801(R) (2007).
• Z. Chang, “Single attosecond pulse and xuv supercontinuum in the high-order harmonic plateau,” Phys. Rev. A70, 043802 (2004).
• P. Lan, P. Lu, W. Cao, Y. Li, and X. Wang, “Isolated sub-100-as pulse generation via controlling electron dynamics,” Phys. Rev. A76, 011402(R) (2007).
• P. Lan, P. Lu, Q. Li, W. Hong, and Q. Zhang, “Macroscopic effects for quantum control of broadband isolated attosecond pulse generation with a two-color field,” Phys. Rev. A79, 043413 (2009).
• M. Lewenstein, Ph. Balcou, M. Yu. Ivanov, A. L’Huillier, and P. Corkum, “Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields,” Phys. Rev. A49, 2117–2132 (1994). [PubMed]
• X. M. Tong, Z. X. Zhao, and C. D. Lin, “Theory of molecular tunneling ionization,” Phys. Rev. A66, 033402 (2002).
• Q. Li, W. Hong, Q. Zhang, S. Wang, and P. Lu, “Isolated-attosecond-pulse generation from asymmetric molecules with an ω+2ω/3 multicycle two-color field,” Phys. Rev. A81, 053846 (2010).
• Q. Zhang, P. Lu, W. Hong, Q. Liao, and S. Wang, “Control of high-order harmonic generation from molecules lacking inversion symmetry with a polarization gating method,” Phys. Rev. A79, 053406 (2009).
• M. Abu-samha and L. B. Madsen, “Photoelectron angular distributions from polar molecules probed by intense femtosecond lasers,” Phys. Rev. A82, 043413 (2010).
• E. Priori, G. Cerullo, M. Nisoli, S. Stagira, S. De Silvestri, P. Villoresi, L. Poletto, P. Ceccherini, C. Altucci, R. Bruzzese, and C. de Lisio, “Nonadiabatic three-dimentional model of high-order harmonic generation in the few-optical cycle regime,” Phys. Rev. A61, 063801 (2000).
• C. Jin, A. Le, and C. D. Lin, “Medium propagation effects in high-order harmonic generation of Ar and N2,” Phys. Rev. A83, 023411 (2011).

Phys. Rev. Lett.

• S. De, I. Znakovskaya, D. Ray, F. Anis, N. G. Johnson, I. Bocharaova, M. Magrakvelidze, B. D. Esry, C. L. Cocke, I. V. Litvinyuk, and M. F. Kling, “Field-free orientation of CO molecules by femtosecond two-color laser fields,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103, 153002 (2009). [PubMed]
• G. Kamta and A. Bandrauk, “Phase dependence of enhanced ionization in Asymmetric molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett.94, 203003 (2005). [PubMed]
• P. Antoine, A. L’Huillier, and M. Lewenstein, “Attosecond pulse trains using high-order harmonics” Phys. Rev. Lett.77, 1234–1237 (1996). [PubMed]
• P. Corkum, “Plasma perspective on strong-filed multiphoton ionization,” Phys. Rev. Lett.71, 1994–1997 (1993). [PubMed]
• I. Christov, M. Murnane, and H. Kapteyn, “High-Harmonic Generation of Attosecond Pulses in the ‘Single-Cycle’ Regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett.78, 1251–1254 (1997).

Rev. Mod. Phys.

• F. Krausz and M. Ivanov, “Attosecond physics,” Rev. Mod. Phys.81, 163–234 (2009).

Other

• M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, J. A. Montgomery, T. Vreven, K. N. Kudin, J. C. Burant, J. M. Millam, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, M. Cossi, G. Scalmani, N. Rega, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, M. Klene, X. Li, J. E. Knox, H. P. Hratchian, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, P. Y. Ayala, K. Morokuma, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, V. G. Zakrzewski, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, M. C. Strain, O. Farkas, D. K. Malick, A. D. Rabuck, K. Raghavachari, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, Q. Cui, A. G. Baboul, S. Clifford, J. Cioslowski, B. B. Stefanov, G. Liu, A. Liashenko, P. Piskorz, I. Komaromi, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, T. Keith, M. A. Al-Laham, C. Y. Peng, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, P. M. W. Gill, B. Johnson, W. Chen, M. W. Wong, C. Gonzalez, and J. A. Pople, “Gaussian 03, Revision C.02,” Gaussian Inc., Wallingford, CT (2010).

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