We present high performance silicon photonic circuits (PICs) defined for off-chip or on-chip photonic interconnects, where PN depletion Mach-Zehnder modulators and evanescent-coupled waveguide Ge-on-Si photodetectors were monolithically integrated on an SOI wafer with CMOS-compatible process. The fabricated silicon PIC_off-chip for off-chip optical interconnects showed operation up to 30 Gb/s. Under differential drive of low-voltage 1.2 V_pp, the integrated 1 mm-phase-shifter modulator in the PIC_off-chip demonstrated an extinction ratio (ER) of 10.5dB for 12.5 Gb/s, an ER of 9.1dB for 20 Gb/s, and an ER of 7.2 dB for 30 Gb/s operation, without adoption of travelling-wave electrodes. The device showed the modulation efficiency of V_πL_π ~1.59 Vcm, and the phase-shifter loss of 3.2 dB/mm for maximum optical transmission. The Ge photodetector, which allows simpler integration process based on reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition exhibited operation over 30 Gb/s with a low dark current of 700 nA at −1V. The fabricated silicon PIC_intra-chip for on-chip (intra-chip) photonic interconnects, where the monolithically integrated modulator and Ge photodetector were connected by a silicon waveguide on the same chip, showed on-chip data transmissions up to 20 Gb/s, indicating potential application in future silicon on-chip optical network. We also report the performance of the hybrid silicon electronic-photonic IC (EPIC), where a PIC_intra-chip chip and 0.13μm CMOS interface IC chips were hybrid-integrated.

© 2011 OSA

1. M. Haurylau, G. Chen, H. Chen, J. Zhang, N. A. Nelson, D. H. Albonesi, E. G. Friedman, and P. M. Fauchet, “On-chip optical interconnect roadmap: challenges and critical directions,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.12(6), 1699–1705 (2006). [CrossRef]
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3. A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “Photonic networks-on-chip for future generations of chip multiprocessors,” IEEE Trans. Comput.57(9), 1246–1260 (2008). [CrossRef]
4. D. Miller, “Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips,” Proc. IEEE97(7), 1166–1185 (2009). [CrossRef]
5. K. Preston, L. Chen, S. Manipatruni, and M. Lipson, “Silicon photonic interconnect with micrometer-scale devices,” 6th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, WA2, 1–3 (2009).
6. A. Narasimha, S. Abdaila, C. Bradbury, A. Clark, J. Clymore, J. Coyne, A. Dahl, S. Gloeckner, A. Gruenberg, D. Guckenberger, S. Gutierrez, M. Harrison, D. Kucharski, K. Leap, R. LeBlanc, V. Liang, M. Mack, D. Martinez, G. Masini, A. Mekis, R. Menigoz, C. Ogden, M. Peterson, T. Pinguet, J. Redman, J. Rodriguez, S. Sahni, M. Sharp, T. Sleboda, D. Song, V. Wang, B. Welch, J. Witzens, W. Xu, K. Vokoyama, and P. DobbeIaere, “An ultra low power CMOS photonics technology platform for H/S optoelectronic transceivers at less than $1 per Gbps,” in Proc. OFC 2010, San Diego, USA (2010).
7. R. Soref and B. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.23(1), 123–129 (1987). [CrossRef]
8. L. Liao, A. Liu, D. Rubin, J. Basak, Y. Chetrit, H. Nguyen, R. Cohen, N. Izhaky, M. Paniccia, N. Izhaky, and M. Paniccia, “40Gbit/s silicon optical modulator high-speed applications,” Electron. Lett.43(22), 1196–1197 (2007). [CrossRef]
9. A. Liu, L. Liao, D. Rubin, H. Nguyen, B. Ciftcioglu, Y. Chetrit, N. Izhaky, and M. Paniccia, “High-speed optical modulation based on carrier depletion in a silicon waveguide,” Opt. Express15(2), 660–668 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. W. M. Green, M. J. Rooks, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator,” Opt. Express15(25), 17106–17113 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. J. W. Park, J.-B. You, I. G. Kim, and G. Kim, “High-modulation efficiency silicon Mach-Zehnder optical modulator based on carrier depletion in a PN Diode,” Opt. Express17(18), 15520–15524 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. J.-B. You, M. Park, J.-W. Park, and G. Kim, “12.5 Gbps optical modulation of silicon racetrack resonator based on carrier-depletion in asymmetric p-n diode,” Opt. Express16(22), 18340–18344 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. P. Dong, S. Liao, D. Feng, H. Liang, D. Zheng, R. Shafiiha, C.-C. Kung, W. Qian, G. Li, X. Zheng, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “Low Vpp, ultralow-energy, compact, high-speed silicon electro-optic modulator,” Opt. Express17(25), 22484–22490 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. N. N. Feng, S. Liao, D. Feng, P. Dong, D. Zheng, H. Liang, R. Shafiiha, G. Li, J. E. Cunningham, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “High speed carrier-depletion modulators with 1.4V-cm V(π)L integrated on 0.25microm silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Opt. Express18(8), 7994–7999 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. F. Y. Gardes, D. J. Thomson, N. G. Emerson, and G. T. Reed, “40 Gb/s silicon photonics modulator for TE and TM polarizations,” Opt. Express19(12), 11804–11814 (2011). [CrossRef]
16. D. J. Thomson, F. Y. Gardes, Y. Hu, G. Mashanovich, M. Fournier, P. Grosse, J.-M. Fedeli, and G. T. Reed, “High contrast 40Gbit/s optical modulation in silicon,” Opt. Express19(12), 11507–11516 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. G. Rasigade, M. Ziebell, D. Marris-Morini, J.-M. Fédéli, F. Milesi, P. Grosse, D. Bouville, E. Cassan, and L. Vivien, “High extinction ratio 10 Gbit/s silicon optical modulator,” Opt. Express19(7), 5827–5832 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. M. Watts, W. Zortman, D. Trotter, R. Young, and A. Lentine, “Low-voltage, compact, depletion-mode, silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(1), 159–164 (2010). [CrossRef]
19. D. Ahn, C. Y. Hong, J. Liu, W. Giziewicz, M. Beals, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “High performance, waveguide integrated Ge photodetectors,” Opt. Express15(7), 3916–3921 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. L. Vivien, J. Osmond, J. M. Fédéli, D. Marris-Morini, P. Crozat, J. F. Damlencourt, E. Cassan, Y. Lecunff, and S. Laval, “42 GHz p.i.n Germanium photodetector integrated in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide,” Opt. Express17(8), 6252–6257 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. D. Feng, S. Liao, P. Dong, N. Feng, H. Liang, D. Zheng, C. Kung, J. Fong, R. Shafiiha, J. Cunningham, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “High-speed Ge photodetector monolithically integrated with large cross-section silicon-on-insulator waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(26), 261105 (2009). [CrossRef]
22. H. Yu, S. Ren, W. Jung, A. Okyay, D. Miller, and K. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett.30(11), 1161–1163 (2009). [CrossRef]
23. S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature464(7285), 80–84 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. S. Liao, N. N. Feng, D. Feng, P. Dong, R. Shafiiha, C. C. Kung, H. Liang, W. Qian, Y. Liu, J. Fong, J. E. Cunningham, Y. Luo, and M. Asghari, “36 GHz submicron silicon waveguide germanium photodetector,” Opt. Express19(11), 10967–10972 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. M. Morse, O. Dosunmu, T. Yin, Y. Kang, H. D. Liu, G. Sarid, E. Ginsburg, R. Cohen, S. Litski, and M. Zadka, “Performance of Ge/Si receivers at 1310 nm,” Physica E41(6), 1076–1081 (2009). [CrossRef]
26. Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain–bandwidth product,” Nature Photon.3, 59–63 (2009).
27. M. Jutzi, M. Berroth, G. Wöhl, M. Oehme, and E. Kasper, “Ge-on-Si vertical incidence photodiodes with 39-GHz bandwidth,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.17(7), 1510–1512 (2005). [CrossRef]
28. D. Suh, S. Kim, J. Joo, and G. Kim, “36-GHz high-responsivity Ge photodetectors grown by RPCVD,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21(10), 672–674 (2009). [CrossRef]
29. J. Joo, S. Kim, I. Kim, K. Jang, and G. Kim, “High- sensitivity 10 Gbps Ge-on- Si photoreceiver operating at λ ~ 1.55 µm ,” Opt. Express18, 16474–16479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
30. J. Joo, S. Kim, I. Kim, K. Jang, and G. Kim, “Progress in high-responsivity vertical-illumination type Ge-on-Si photodetecor operating at λ ~1.55 μm,” in Proc. OFC 2011, Los Angeles, USA (2011).
31. T. Pinguet, B. Analui, E. Balmater, D. Guckenberger, M. Harrison, R. Koumans, D. Kucharski, Y. Liang, G. Masini, A. Mekis, S. Mirsaidi, A. Narasimha, M. Peterson, D. Rines, V. Sadagopan, S. Sahni, T. J. Sleboda, D. Song, Y. Wang, B. Welch, J. Witzens, J. Yao, S. Abdalla, S. Gloeckner, P. De Dobbelaere, and G. Capellini, “Monolithically Integrated High-Speed CMOS Photonic Transceivers,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Group IV Photonics, 362–364 (2008).
32. X. Zheng, F. Liu, D. Patil, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, J. Yao, G. Li, J. Shi, K. Raj, J. Lexau, E. Alon, R. Ho, J. E. Cunningham, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “A sub-picojoule-per-bit CMOS photonic receiver for densely integrated systems,” Opt. Express18(1), 204–211 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
33. T. Y. Liow, K. W. Ang, Q. Fang, J. F. Song, Y. Z. Xiong, M. B. Yu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon modulators and germanium photodetectors on SOI: Monolithic integration, compatibility, and performance optimization,” IEEE Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(1), 307–315 (2010). [CrossRef]
34. M. Rasras, D. Gill, M. Earnshaw, C. Doerr, J. Weiner, C. Bolle, and Y. Chen, “CMOS silicon receiver integrated with Ge detector and reconfigurable optical filter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(2), 112–114 (2010). [CrossRef]
35. X. Zheng, D. Patil, J. Lexau, F. Liu, G. Li, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, I. Shubin, J. Li, J. Yao, P. Dong, D. Feng, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, P. Amberg, M. Dayringer, J. Gainsley, H. F. Moghadam, E. Alon, K. Raj, R. Ho, J. E. Cunningham, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “Ultra-efficient 10 Gb/s hybrid integrated silicon photonic transmitter and receiver,” Opt. Express19(6), 5172–5186 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
36. K. Park, B. Yoo, M. Hwang, H. Chi, H. Kim, J. Park, G. Kim, and D. Jeong, “A 10-Gb/s optical receiver front-end with 5-mW transimpedance amplifier,” IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, Beijing, 3–5 (2010).

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• D. Feng, S. Liao, P. Dong, N. Feng, H. Liang, D. Zheng, C. Kung, J. Fong, R. Shafiiha, J. Cunningham, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “High-speed Ge photodetector monolithically integrated with large cross-section silicon-on-insulator waveguide,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(26), 261105 (2009). [CrossRef]

Electron. Lett.

• L. Liao, A. Liu, D. Rubin, J. Basak, Y. Chetrit, H. Nguyen, R. Cohen, N. Izhaky, M. Paniccia, N. Izhaky, and M. Paniccia, “40Gbit/s silicon optical modulator high-speed applications,” Electron. Lett.43(22), 1196–1197 (2007). [CrossRef]

IEEE Electron Device Lett.

• H. Yu, S. Ren, W. Jung, A. Okyay, D. Miller, and K. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett.30(11), 1161–1163 (2009). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

• R. Soref and B. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.23(1), 123–129 (1987). [CrossRef]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• M. Haurylau, G. Chen, H. Chen, J. Zhang, N. A. Nelson, D. H. Albonesi, E. G. Friedman, and P. M. Fauchet, “On-chip optical interconnect roadmap: challenges and critical directions,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.12(6), 1699–1705 (2006). [CrossRef]
• M. Watts, W. Zortman, D. Trotter, R. Young, and A. Lentine, “Low-voltage, compact, depletion-mode, silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(1), 159–164 (2010). [CrossRef]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

• M. Rasras, D. Gill, M. Earnshaw, C. Doerr, J. Weiner, C. Bolle, and Y. Chen, “CMOS silicon receiver integrated with Ge detector and reconfigurable optical filter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.22(2), 112–114 (2010). [CrossRef]
• M. Jutzi, M. Berroth, G. Wöhl, M. Oehme, and E. Kasper, “Ge-on-Si vertical incidence photodiodes with 39-GHz bandwidth,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.17(7), 1510–1512 (2005). [CrossRef]
• D. Suh, S. Kim, J. Joo, and G. Kim, “36-GHz high-responsivity Ge photodetectors grown by RPCVD,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21(10), 672–674 (2009). [CrossRef]

IEEE Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.

• T. Y. Liow, K. W. Ang, Q. Fang, J. F. Song, Y. Z. Xiong, M. B. Yu, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon modulators and germanium photodetectors on SOI: Monolithic integration, compatibility, and performance optimization,” IEEE Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16(1), 307–315 (2010). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Comput.

• A. Shacham, K. Bergman, and L. P. Carloni, “Photonic networks-on-chip for future generations of chip multiprocessors,” IEEE Trans. Comput.57(9), 1246–1260 (2008). [CrossRef]

IEEE. Micro.

• C. Gunn, “CMOS photonics for high-speed interconnects,” IEEE. Micro.26(2), 58–66 (2006). [CrossRef]

Nature

• S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature464(7285), 80–84 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nature Photon.

• Y. Kang, H.-D. Liu, M. Morse, M. J. Paniccia, M. Zadka, S. Litski, G. Sarid, A. Pauchard, Y.-H. Kuo, H.-W. Chen, W. S. Zaoui, J. E. Bowers, A. Beling, D. C. McIntosh, X. Zheng, and J. C. Campbell, “Monolithic germanium/silicon avalanche photodiodes with 340 GHz gain–bandwidth product,” Nature Photon.3, 59–63 (2009).

Opt. Express

• X. Zheng, F. Liu, D. Patil, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, J. Yao, G. Li, J. Shi, K. Raj, J. Lexau, E. Alon, R. Ho, J. E. Cunningham, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “A sub-picojoule-per-bit CMOS photonic receiver for densely integrated systems,” Opt. Express18(1), 204–211 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. Zheng, D. Patil, J. Lexau, F. Liu, G. Li, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, I. Shubin, J. Li, J. Yao, P. Dong, D. Feng, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, P. Amberg, M. Dayringer, J. Gainsley, H. F. Moghadam, E. Alon, K. Raj, R. Ho, J. E. Cunningham, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “Ultra-efficient 10 Gb/s hybrid integrated silicon photonic transmitter and receiver,” Opt. Express19(6), 5172–5186 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. Liao, N. N. Feng, D. Feng, P. Dong, R. Shafiiha, C. C. Kung, H. Liang, W. Qian, Y. Liu, J. Fong, J. E. Cunningham, Y. Luo, and M. Asghari, “36 GHz submicron silicon waveguide germanium photodetector,” Opt. Express19(11), 10967–10972 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Joo, S. Kim, I. Kim, K. Jang, and G. Kim, “High- sensitivity 10 Gbps Ge-on- Si photoreceiver operating at λ ~ 1.55 µm ,” Opt. Express18, 16474–16479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• D. Ahn, C. Y. Hong, J. Liu, W. Giziewicz, M. Beals, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michel, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “High performance, waveguide integrated Ge photodetectors,” Opt. Express15(7), 3916–3921 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• L. Vivien, J. Osmond, J. M. Fédéli, D. Marris-Morini, P. Crozat, J. F. Damlencourt, E. Cassan, Y. Lecunff, and S. Laval, “42 GHz p.i.n Germanium photodetector integrated in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide,” Opt. Express17(8), 6252–6257 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Liu, L. Liao, D. Rubin, H. Nguyen, B. Ciftcioglu, Y. Chetrit, N. Izhaky, and M. Paniccia, “High-speed optical modulation based on carrier depletion in a silicon waveguide,” Opt. Express15(2), 660–668 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• W. M. Green, M. J. Rooks, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator,” Opt. Express15(25), 17106–17113 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. W. Park, J.-B. You, I. G. Kim, and G. Kim, “High-modulation efficiency silicon Mach-Zehnder optical modulator based on carrier depletion in a PN Diode,” Opt. Express17(18), 15520–15524 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J.-B. You, M. Park, J.-W. Park, and G. Kim, “12.5 Gbps optical modulation of silicon racetrack resonator based on carrier-depletion in asymmetric p-n diode,” Opt. Express16(22), 18340–18344 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• P. Dong, S. Liao, D. Feng, H. Liang, D. Zheng, R. Shafiiha, C.-C. Kung, W. Qian, G. Li, X. Zheng, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “Low Vpp, ultralow-energy, compact, high-speed silicon electro-optic modulator,” Opt. Express17(25), 22484–22490 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• N. N. Feng, S. Liao, D. Feng, P. Dong, D. Zheng, H. Liang, R. Shafiiha, G. Li, J. E. Cunningham, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “High speed carrier-depletion modulators with 1.4V-cm V(π)L integrated on 0.25microm silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Opt. Express18(8), 7994–7999 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• F. Y. Gardes, D. J. Thomson, N. G. Emerson, and G. T. Reed, “40 Gb/s silicon photonics modulator for TE and TM polarizations,” Opt. Express19(12), 11804–11814 (2011). [CrossRef]
• D. J. Thomson, F. Y. Gardes, Y. Hu, G. Mashanovich, M. Fournier, P. Grosse, J.-M. Fedeli, and G. T. Reed, “High contrast 40Gbit/s optical modulation in silicon,” Opt. Express19(12), 11507–11516 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• G. Rasigade, M. Ziebell, D. Marris-Morini, J.-M. Fédéli, F. Milesi, P. Grosse, D. Bouville, E. Cassan, and L. Vivien, “High extinction ratio 10 Gbit/s silicon optical modulator,” Opt. Express19(7), 5827–5832 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Physica E

• M. Morse, O. Dosunmu, T. Yin, Y. Kang, H. D. Liu, G. Sarid, E. Ginsburg, R. Cohen, S. Litski, and M. Zadka, “Performance of Ge/Si receivers at 1310 nm,” Physica E41(6), 1076–1081 (2009). [CrossRef]

Proc. IEEE

• D. Miller, “Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips,” Proc. IEEE97(7), 1166–1185 (2009). [CrossRef]

Other

• K. Preston, L. Chen, S. Manipatruni, and M. Lipson, “Silicon photonic interconnect with micrometer-scale devices,” 6th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, WA2, 1–3 (2009).
• A. Narasimha, S. Abdaila, C. Bradbury, A. Clark, J. Clymore, J. Coyne, A. Dahl, S. Gloeckner, A. Gruenberg, D. Guckenberger, S. Gutierrez, M. Harrison, D. Kucharski, K. Leap, R. LeBlanc, V. Liang, M. Mack, D. Martinez, G. Masini, A. Mekis, R. Menigoz, C. Ogden, M. Peterson, T. Pinguet, J. Redman, J. Rodriguez, S. Sahni, M. Sharp, T. Sleboda, D. Song, V. Wang, B. Welch, J. Witzens, W. Xu, K. Vokoyama, and P. DobbeIaere, “An ultra low power CMOS photonics technology platform for H/S optoelectronic transceivers at less than $1 per Gbps,” in Proc. OFC 2010, San Diego, USA (2010).
• J. Joo, S. Kim, I. Kim, K. Jang, and G. Kim, “Progress in high-responsivity vertical-illumination type Ge-on-Si photodetecor operating at λ ~1.55 μm,” in Proc. OFC 2011, Los Angeles, USA (2011).
• T. Pinguet, B. Analui, E. Balmater, D. Guckenberger, M. Harrison, R. Koumans, D. Kucharski, Y. Liang, G. Masini, A. Mekis, S. Mirsaidi, A. Narasimha, M. Peterson, D. Rines, V. Sadagopan, S. Sahni, T. J. Sleboda, D. Song, Y. Wang, B. Welch, J. Witzens, J. Yao, S. Abdalla, S. Gloeckner, P. De Dobbelaere, and G. Capellini, “Monolithically Integrated High-Speed CMOS Photonic Transceivers,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Group IV Photonics, 362–364 (2008).
• K. Park, B. Yoo, M. Hwang, H. Chi, H. Kim, J. Park, G. Kim, and D. Jeong, “A 10-Gb/s optical receiver front-end with 5-mW transimpedance amplifier,” IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, Beijing, 3–5 (2010).

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