High-power terahertz electromagnetic wave emission from high-Tc superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ mesa structures

doi:10.1364/OE.19.003193

High-power terahertz electromagnetic wave emission from high-T_c superconducting Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ mesa structures

Kazuhiro Yamaki, Manabu Tsujimoto, Takashi Yamamoto, Akio Furukawa, Takanari Kashiwagi, Hidetoshi Minami, and Kazuo Kadowaki »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 4, pp. 3193-3201 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.003193

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Abstract

In this paper, we report intense electromagnetic wave emissions generated by the rectangular mesa structure of intrinsic Josephson junctions with high-T_c superconducting Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ. The radiated power is an order of magnitude stronger than that of the previously observed power of a few μW. Two emission regions, reversible (R-type) and irreversible (IR-type), with comparable intensities can be observed at different I-V curve locations in the same mesa. We find peculiar temperature dependences of the emission power in both the R- and IR-type radiations, suggesting that a non-equilibrium thermodynamic state may be realized through the dc input current. The R-type emission is quite stable, whereas the IR-type emission is rather unstable. Although the emitted frequency for both cases obey the cavity resonance conditions, this sharp contrast in emission stability is indicative of two different states in a multi-stacked intrinsic Josephson junction system.

OCIS Codes
(190.4720) Nonlinear optics : Optical nonlinearities of condensed matter
(270.1670) Quantum optics : Coherent optical effects

ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics

History
Original Manuscript: November 9, 2010
Revised Manuscript: January 30, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: January 31, 2011
Published: February 3, 2011

Citation
Kazuhiro Yamaki, Manabu Tsujimoto, Takashi Yamamoto, Akio Furukawa, Takanari Kashiwagi, Hidetoshi Minami, and Kazuo Kadowaki, "High-power terahertz electromagnetic wave emission from high-T_c superconducting Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ mesa structures," Opt. Express 19, 3193-3201 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-4-3193

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References

R. Kleiner, F. Steinmeyer, G. Kunkel, and P. Müller, “Intrinsic Josephson effects in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 68(15), 2394–2397 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. Oya, N. Aoyama, A. Irie, S. Kishida, and H. Tokutaka, “Observation of Josephson junctionlike behavior in single-crystal (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CaCu2Oy,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31(Part 2, No. 7A), L829–L831 (1992). [CrossRef]
R. Kleiner and P. Müller, “Intrinsic Josephson effects in high-Tc superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 49(2), 1327–1341 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Tachiki, T. Koyama, and S. Takahashi, “Electromagnetic phenomena related to a low-frequency plasma in cuprate superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 50(10), 7065–7084 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. Koyama and M. Tachiki, “Plasma excitation by vortex flow,” Solid State Commun. 96(6), 367–371 (1995). [CrossRef]
M. Tachiki, M. Iizuka, K. Minami, S. Tejima, and H. Nakamura, “Emission of continuous coherent terahertz wave with tunable frequency by intrinsic Josephson junctions,” Phys. Rev. B 71(13), 134515 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. Savel’ev, V. Yampol’skii, A. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Generation of tunable terahertz out-of-plane radiation using Josephson vortices in modulated layered superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 72(14), 144515 (2005). [CrossRef]
L. N. Bulaevskii and A. E. Koshelev, “Radiation from a single Josephson junction into free space due to Josephson oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(26), 267001 (2006). [CrossRef]
S. Lin and X. Hu, “Possible dynamic state in inductively coupled intrinsic Josephson junctions of layered high-Tc superconductors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(24), 247006 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. E. Koshelev and L. N. Bulaevskii, “Resonant electromagnetic emission from intrinsic Josephson-junction states with laterally modulated Josephson critical current,” Phys. Rev. B 77(1), 014530 (2008). [CrossRef]
A. L. Rakhmanov, S. E. Savel’ev, and F. Nori, “Resonant electromagnetic emission from intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks in a magnetic field,” Phys. Rev. B 79(18), 184504 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. Savel’ev, V. A. Yampol’skii, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Terahertz Josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors: spectrum, generation, nonlinear and quantum phenomena,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(2), 026501 (2010). [CrossRef]
M.-H. Bae, H.-J. Lee, and J.-H. Choi, “Josephson-vortex-flow terahertz emission in layered high-Tc superconducting single crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(2), 027002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
E. Kume, I. Iguchi, and H. Takahashi, “On-chip spectroscopic detection of terahertz radiation emitted from a quasiparticle-injected nonequilibrium superconductor using a high-Tc Josephson junction,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(18), 2809 (1999). [CrossRef]
K. Lee, W. Wang, I. Iguchi, M. Tachiki, K. Hirata, and T. Mochiku, “Josephson plasma emission from Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy intrinsic junctions due to quasiparticle injection,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3616–3619 (2000). [CrossRef]
I. E. Batov, X. Y. Jin, S. V. Shitov, Y. Koval, P. Müller, and A. V. Ustinov, “Detection of 0.5 THz radiation from intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 Josephson junctions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(26), 262504 (2006). [CrossRef]
V. M. Krasnov, A. Yurgens, D. Winkler, and P. Delsing, “Self-heating in small mesa structures,” J. Appl. Phys. 89(10), 5578 (2001). [CrossRef]
L. Ozyuzer, A. E. Koshelev, C. Kurter, N. Gopalsami, Q. Li, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, T. Tachiki, K. E. Gray, W.-K. Kwok, and U. Welp, “Emission of coherent THz radiation from superconductors,” Science 318(5854), 1291–1293 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
K. Kadowaki, H. Yamaguchi, K. Kawamata, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, I. Kakeya, U. Welp, L. Ozyuzer, A. Koshelev, C. Kurter, K. E. Gray, and W.-K. Kwok, “Direct observation of terahertz electromagnetic waves emitted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ,” Physica C 468(7-10), 634–639 (2008). [CrossRef]
H. Minami, N. Orita, T. Koike, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Continuous and reversible operation of Bi2212 based THz emitters just below Tc,” Physica C 470, S822–S823 (2010). [CrossRef]
H. B. Wang, S. Guénon, J. Yuan, A. Iishi, S. Arisawa, T. Hatano, T. Yamashita, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner, “Hot spots and waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks: a study by low temperature scanning laser microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(1), 017006 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. B. Wang, S. Guénon, B. Gross, J. Yuan, Z. G. Jiang, Y. Y. Zhong, M. Grünzweig, A. Iishi, P. H. Wu, T. Hatano, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner, “Coherent terahertz emission of intrinsic Josephson junction stacks in the hot spot regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(5), 057002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. Guenon, M. Grunzweig, B. Gross, J. Yuan, Z. G. Jiang, Y. Y. Zhong, A. Iishi, P. H. Wu, T. Hatano, D. Koelle, H. B. Wang, and R. Kleiner, “Interaction of hot spots and THz waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks of various geometry,” arXiv:1005.2341v1.
K. Kadowaki, M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, T. Yamamoto, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, M. Tachiki, and R. A. Klemm, “Evidence for dual-source mechanism of THz radiation from rectangular mesa of single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ intrinsic Josephson junctions,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79(2), 023703 (2010). [CrossRef]
C. Kurter, K. E. Gray, J. F. Zasadzinski, L. Ozyuzer, A. E. Koshelev, Q. Li, T. Yamamoto, K. Kadowaki, W.-K. Kwok, M. Tachiki, and U. Welp, “Thermal Management in Large Bi2212 Mesas used for Terahertz Sources,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19(3), 428–431 (2009). [CrossRef]
K. E. Gray, A. E. Koshelev, C. Kurter, K. Kadowaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, M. Tachiki, W.-K. Kwok, and U. Welp, “Emission of Terahertz Waves from Stacks of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19(3), 886–890 (2009). [CrossRef]
H. Minami, I. Kakeya, H. Yamaguchi, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Characteristics of terahertz radiation emitted from the intrinsic Josephson junctions in high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(23), 232511 (2009). [CrossRef]
M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, K. Deguchi, T. Yamamoto, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, and R. A. Klemm, “Geometrical resonance conditions for THz radiation from the intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ).,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(3), 037005 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, and K. Kadowaki, “Terahertz radiation generated from cylindrical mesas of Bi2212,” Physica C 470, S779–S781 (2010). [CrossRef]
K. Yamaki, M. Tsujimoto, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, and K. Kadowaki, “Magnetic field effects on THz radiation from rectangular shape Bi2212 IJJ’s,” Physica C 470, S804–S805 (2010). [CrossRef]
N. Orita, H. Minami, T. Koike, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Synchronized operation of two serially connected Bi2212 THz emitters,” Physica C 470, S786–S787 (2010). [CrossRef]
T. Kshiwagi at University of Tsukuba is preparing a manuscript to be called, “Geometrical full-wavelength resonance mode generating terahertz waves from a single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ rectangular mesa.”
T. Mochiku and K. Kadowaki, “Growth and properties of Bi2Sr2(Ca,Y)Cu2O8+δ single crystals,” Physica C 235–240, 523 (1994). [CrossRef]
V. R. Misko, S. Savel’ev, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Nonuniform self-organized dynamical states in superconductors with periodic pinning,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(12), 127004 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. R. Misko, S. Savel’ev, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Negative differential resistivity in superconductors with periodic arrays of pinning sites,” Phys. Rev. B 75(2), 024509 (2007). [CrossRef]

Aoyama, N.
Arisawa, S.
Bae, M.-H.
Batov, I. E.
Bulaevskii, L. N.
Choi, J.-H.
Deguchi, K.
Delsing, P.
Gopalsami, N.
Gray, K. E.
Gross, B.
Grünzweig, M.
Guénon, S.
Hatano, T.
Hirata, K.
Hu, X.
Iguchi, I.
Iishi, A.
Iizuka, M.
Irie, A.
Jiang, Z. G.
Jin, X. Y.
Kadowaki, K.
Kakeya, I.
Kashiwagi, T.
Kawamata, K.
Kishida, S.
Kleiner, R.
Klemm, R. A.
Koelle, D.
Koike, T.
Koshelev, A.
Koshelev, A. E.
Koval, Y.
Koyama, T.
Krasnov, V. M.
Kume, E.
Kunkel, G.
Kurter, C.
Kwok, W.-K.
Lee, H.-J.
Lee, K.
Li, Q.
Lin, S.
Minami, H.
Minami, K.
Misko, V. R.
Mochiku, T.
Müller, P.
Nakamura, H.
Nori, F.
Orita, N.
Oya, G.
Ozyuzer, L.
Rakhmanov, A.
Rakhmanov, A. L.
Savel’ev, S.
Savel’ev, S. E.
Shitov, S. V.
Steinmeyer, F.
Tachiki, M.
Tachiki, T.
Takahashi, H.
Takahashi, S.
Tejima, S.
Tokutaka, H.
Tsujimoto, M.
Ustinov, A. V.
Wang, H. B.
Wang, W.
Welp, U.
Winkler, D.
Wu, P. H.
Yamaguchi, H.
Yamaki, K.
Yamamoto, T.
Yamashita, T.
Yampol’skii, V.
Yampol’skii, V. A.
Yuan, J.
Yurgens, A.
Zasadzinski, J. F.
Zhong, Y. Y.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

E. Kume, I. Iguchi, and H. Takahashi, “On-chip spectroscopic detection of terahertz radiation emitted from a quasiparticle-injected nonequilibrium superconductor using a high-Tc Josephson junction,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(18), 2809 (1999). [CrossRef]
I. E. Batov, X. Y. Jin, S. V. Shitov, Y. Koval, P. Müller, and A. V. Ustinov, “Detection of 0.5 THz radiation from intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 Josephson junctions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(26), 262504 (2006). [CrossRef]
H. Minami, I. Kakeya, H. Yamaguchi, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Characteristics of terahertz radiation emitted from the intrinsic Josephson junctions in high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(23), 232511 (2009). [CrossRef]

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

C. Kurter, K. E. Gray, J. F. Zasadzinski, L. Ozyuzer, A. E. Koshelev, Q. Li, T. Yamamoto, K. Kadowaki, W.-K. Kwok, M. Tachiki, and U. Welp, “Thermal Management in Large Bi2212 Mesas used for Terahertz Sources,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19(3), 428–431 (2009). [CrossRef]
K. E. Gray, A. E. Koshelev, C. Kurter, K. Kadowaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, M. Tachiki, W.-K. Kwok, and U. Welp, “Emission of Terahertz Waves from Stacks of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19(3), 886–890 (2009). [CrossRef]

J. Appl. Phys.

V. M. Krasnov, A. Yurgens, D. Winkler, and P. Delsing, “Self-heating in small mesa structures,” J. Appl. Phys. 89(10), 5578 (2001). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

K. Kadowaki, M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, T. Yamamoto, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, M. Tachiki, and R. A. Klemm, “Evidence for dual-source mechanism of THz radiation from rectangular mesa of single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ intrinsic Josephson junctions,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79(2), 023703 (2010). [CrossRef]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

G. Oya, N. Aoyama, A. Irie, S. Kishida, and H. Tokutaka, “Observation of Josephson junctionlike behavior in single-crystal (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CaCu2Oy,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31(Part 2, No. 7A), L829–L831 (1992). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B

M. Tachiki, M. Iizuka, K. Minami, S. Tejima, and H. Nakamura, “Emission of continuous coherent terahertz wave with tunable frequency by intrinsic Josephson junctions,” Phys. Rev. B 71(13), 134515 (2005). [CrossRef]
S. Savel’ev, V. Yampol’skii, A. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Generation of tunable terahertz out-of-plane radiation using Josephson vortices in modulated layered superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 72(14), 144515 (2005). [CrossRef]
K. Lee, W. Wang, I. Iguchi, M. Tachiki, K. Hirata, and T. Mochiku, “Josephson plasma emission from Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy intrinsic junctions due to quasiparticle injection,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3616–3619 (2000). [CrossRef]
A. E. Koshelev and L. N. Bulaevskii, “Resonant electromagnetic emission from intrinsic Josephson-junction states with laterally modulated Josephson critical current,” Phys. Rev. B 77(1), 014530 (2008). [CrossRef]
A. L. Rakhmanov, S. E. Savel’ev, and F. Nori, “Resonant electromagnetic emission from intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks in a magnetic field,” Phys. Rev. B 79(18), 184504 (2009). [CrossRef]
V. R. Misko, S. Savel’ev, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Negative differential resistivity in superconductors with periodic arrays of pinning sites,” Phys. Rev. B 75(2), 024509 (2007). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter

R. Kleiner and P. Müller, “Intrinsic Josephson effects in high-Tc superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 49(2), 1327–1341 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Tachiki, T. Koyama, and S. Takahashi, “Electromagnetic phenomena related to a low-frequency plasma in cuprate superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 50(10), 7065–7084 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

L. N. Bulaevskii and A. E. Koshelev, “Radiation from a single Josephson junction into free space due to Josephson oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(26), 267001 (2006). [CrossRef]
S. Lin and X. Hu, “Possible dynamic state in inductively coupled intrinsic Josephson junctions of layered high-Tc superconductors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(24), 247006 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
R. Kleiner, F. Steinmeyer, G. Kunkel, and P. Müller, “Intrinsic Josephson effects in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 68(15), 2394–2397 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M.-H. Bae, H.-J. Lee, and J.-H. Choi, “Josephson-vortex-flow terahertz emission in layered high-Tc superconducting single crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(2), 027002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. R. Misko, S. Savel’ev, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Nonuniform self-organized dynamical states in superconductors with periodic pinning,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(12), 127004 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, K. Deguchi, T. Yamamoto, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, and R. A. Klemm, “Geometrical resonance conditions for THz radiation from the intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ).,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(3), 037005 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. B. Wang, S. Guénon, J. Yuan, A. Iishi, S. Arisawa, T. Hatano, T. Yamashita, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner, “Hot spots and waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks: a study by low temperature scanning laser microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(1), 017006 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H. B. Wang, S. Guénon, B. Gross, J. Yuan, Z. G. Jiang, Y. Y. Zhong, M. Grünzweig, A. Iishi, P. H. Wu, T. Hatano, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner, “Coherent terahertz emission of intrinsic Josephson junction stacks in the hot spot regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(5), 057002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Physica C

K. Kadowaki, H. Yamaguchi, K. Kawamata, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, I. Kakeya, U. Welp, L. Ozyuzer, A. Koshelev, C. Kurter, K. E. Gray, and W.-K. Kwok, “Direct observation of terahertz electromagnetic waves emitted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ,” Physica C 468(7-10), 634–639 (2008). [CrossRef]
H. Minami, N. Orita, T. Koike, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Continuous and reversible operation of Bi2212 based THz emitters just below Tc,” Physica C 470, S822–S823 (2010). [CrossRef]
M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, and K. Kadowaki, “Terahertz radiation generated from cylindrical mesas of Bi2212,” Physica C 470, S779–S781 (2010). [CrossRef]
K. Yamaki, M. Tsujimoto, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, and K. Kadowaki, “Magnetic field effects on THz radiation from rectangular shape Bi2212 IJJ’s,” Physica C 470, S804–S805 (2010). [CrossRef]
N. Orita, H. Minami, T. Koike, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Synchronized operation of two serially connected Bi2212 THz emitters,” Physica C 470, S786–S787 (2010). [CrossRef]
T. Mochiku and K. Kadowaki, “Growth and properties of Bi2Sr2(Ca,Y)Cu2O8+δ single crystals,” Physica C 235–240, 523 (1994). [CrossRef]

Rep. Prog. Phys.

S. Savel’ev, V. A. Yampol’skii, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Terahertz Josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors: spectrum, generation, nonlinear and quantum phenomena,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(2), 026501 (2010). [CrossRef]

Science

L. Ozyuzer, A. E. Koshelev, C. Kurter, N. Gopalsami, Q. Li, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, T. Tachiki, K. E. Gray, W.-K. Kwok, and U. Welp, “Emission of coherent THz radiation from superconductors,” Science 318(5854), 1291–1293 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Solid State Commun.

T. Koyama and M. Tachiki, “Plasma excitation by vortex flow,” Solid State Commun. 96(6), 367–371 (1995). [CrossRef]

Other

T. Kshiwagi at University of Tsukuba is preparing a manuscript to be called, “Geometrical full-wavelength resonance mode generating terahertz waves from a single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ rectangular mesa.”
S. Guenon, M. Grunzweig, B. Gross, J. Yuan, Z. G. Jiang, Y. Y. Zhong, A. Iishi, P. H. Wu, T. Hatano, D. Koelle, H. B. Wang, and R. Kleiner, “Interaction of hot spots and THz waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks of various geometry,” arXiv:1005.2341v1.

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[1] R. Kleiner, F. Steinmeyer, G. Kunkel, and P. Müller, “Intrinsic Josephson effects in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 68(15), 2394–2397 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] G. Oya, N. Aoyama, A. Irie, S. Kishida, and H. Tokutaka, “Observation of Josephson junctionlike behavior in single-crystal (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CaCu2Oy,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31(Part 2, No. 7A), L829–L831 (1992). [CrossRef]

[3] R. Kleiner and P. Müller, “Intrinsic Josephson effects in high-Tc superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 49(2), 1327–1341 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] M. Tachiki, T. Koyama, and S. Takahashi, “Electromagnetic phenomena related to a low-frequency plasma in cuprate superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 50(10), 7065–7084 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] T. Koyama and M. Tachiki, “Plasma excitation by vortex flow,” Solid State Commun. 96(6), 367–371 (1995). [CrossRef]

[6] M. Tachiki, M. Iizuka, K. Minami, S. Tejima, and H. Nakamura, “Emission of continuous coherent terahertz wave with tunable frequency by intrinsic Josephson junctions,” Phys. Rev. B 71(13), 134515 (2005). [CrossRef]

[7] S. Savel’ev, V. Yampol’skii, A. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Generation of tunable terahertz out-of-plane radiation using Josephson vortices in modulated layered superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 72(14), 144515 (2005). [CrossRef]

[8] L. N. Bulaevskii and A. E. Koshelev, “Radiation from a single Josephson junction into free space due to Josephson oscillations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(26), 267001 (2006). [CrossRef]

[9] S. Lin and X. Hu, “Possible dynamic state in inductively coupled intrinsic Josephson junctions of layered high-Tc superconductors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(24), 247006 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] A. E. Koshelev and L. N. Bulaevskii, “Resonant electromagnetic emission from intrinsic Josephson-junction states with laterally modulated Josephson critical current,” Phys. Rev. B 77(1), 014530 (2008). [CrossRef]

[11] A. L. Rakhmanov, S. E. Savel’ev, and F. Nori, “Resonant electromagnetic emission from intrinsic Josephson-junction stacks in a magnetic field,” Phys. Rev. B 79(18), 184504 (2009). [CrossRef]

[12] S. Savel’ev, V. A. Yampol’skii, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Terahertz Josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors: spectrum, generation, nonlinear and quantum phenomena,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(2), 026501 (2010). [CrossRef]

[13] M.-H. Bae, H.-J. Lee, and J.-H. Choi, “Josephson-vortex-flow terahertz emission in layered high-Tc superconducting single crystals,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(2), 027002 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[14] E. Kume, I. Iguchi, and H. Takahashi, “On-chip spectroscopic detection of terahertz radiation emitted from a quasiparticle-injected nonequilibrium superconductor using a high-Tc Josephson junction,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(18), 2809 (1999). [CrossRef]

[15] K. Lee, W. Wang, I. Iguchi, M. Tachiki, K. Hirata, and T. Mochiku, “Josephson plasma emission from Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy intrinsic junctions due to quasiparticle injection,” Phys. Rev. B 61(5), 3616–3619 (2000). [CrossRef]

[16] I. E. Batov, X. Y. Jin, S. V. Shitov, Y. Koval, P. Müller, and A. V. Ustinov, “Detection of 0.5 THz radiation from intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 Josephson junctions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(26), 262504 (2006). [CrossRef]

[17] V. M. Krasnov, A. Yurgens, D. Winkler, and P. Delsing, “Self-heating in small mesa structures,” J. Appl. Phys. 89(10), 5578 (2001). [CrossRef]

[18] L. Ozyuzer, A. E. Koshelev, C. Kurter, N. Gopalsami, Q. Li, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, T. Tachiki, K. E. Gray, W.-K. Kwok, and U. Welp, “Emission of coherent THz radiation from superconductors,” Science 318(5854), 1291–1293 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[19] K. Kadowaki, H. Yamaguchi, K. Kawamata, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, I. Kakeya, U. Welp, L. Ozyuzer, A. Koshelev, C. Kurter, K. E. Gray, and W.-K. Kwok, “Direct observation of terahertz electromagnetic waves emitted from intrinsic Josephson junctions in single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ,” Physica C 468(7-10), 634–639 (2008). [CrossRef]

[20] H. Minami, N. Orita, T. Koike, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Continuous and reversible operation of Bi2212 based THz emitters just below Tc,” Physica C 470, S822–S823 (2010). [CrossRef]

[21] H. B. Wang, S. Guénon, J. Yuan, A. Iishi, S. Arisawa, T. Hatano, T. Yamashita, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner, “Hot spots and waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks: a study by low temperature scanning laser microscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(1), 017006 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[22] H. B. Wang, S. Guénon, B. Gross, J. Yuan, Z. G. Jiang, Y. Y. Zhong, M. Grünzweig, A. Iishi, P. H. Wu, T. Hatano, D. Koelle, and R. Kleiner, “Coherent terahertz emission of intrinsic Josephson junction stacks in the hot spot regime,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(5), 057002 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[23] S. Guenon, M. Grunzweig, B. Gross, J. Yuan, Z. G. Jiang, Y. Y. Zhong, A. Iishi, P. H. Wu, T. Hatano, D. Koelle, H. B. Wang, and R. Kleiner, “Interaction of hot spots and THz waves in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 intrinsic Josephson junction stacks of various geometry,” arXiv:1005.2341v1.

[24] K. Kadowaki, M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, T. Yamamoto, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, M. Tachiki, and R. A. Klemm, “Evidence for dual-source mechanism of THz radiation from rectangular mesa of single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ intrinsic Josephson junctions,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79(2), 023703 (2010). [CrossRef]

[25] C. Kurter, K. E. Gray, J. F. Zasadzinski, L. Ozyuzer, A. E. Koshelev, Q. Li, T. Yamamoto, K. Kadowaki, W.-K. Kwok, M. Tachiki, and U. Welp, “Thermal Management in Large Bi2212 Mesas used for Terahertz Sources,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19(3), 428–431 (2009). [CrossRef]

[26] K. E. Gray, A. E. Koshelev, C. Kurter, K. Kadowaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, M. Tachiki, W.-K. Kwok, and U. Welp, “Emission of Terahertz Waves from Stacks of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19(3), 886–890 (2009). [CrossRef]

[27] H. Minami, I. Kakeya, H. Yamaguchi, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Characteristics of terahertz radiation emitted from the intrinsic Josephson junctions in high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(23), 232511 (2009). [CrossRef]

[28] M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, K. Deguchi, T. Yamamoto, T. Kashiwagi, H. Minami, M. Tachiki, K. Kadowaki, and R. A. Klemm, “Geometrical resonance conditions for THz radiation from the intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+δ).,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(3), 037005 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[29] M. Tsujimoto, K. Yamaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, and K. Kadowaki, “Terahertz radiation generated from cylindrical mesas of Bi2212,” Physica C 470, S779–S781 (2010). [CrossRef]

[30] K. Yamaki, M. Tsujimoto, T. Yamamoto, H. Minami, and K. Kadowaki, “Magnetic field effects on THz radiation from rectangular shape Bi2212 IJJ’s,” Physica C 470, S804–S805 (2010). [CrossRef]

[31] N. Orita, H. Minami, T. Koike, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kadowaki, “Synchronized operation of two serially connected Bi2212 THz emitters,” Physica C 470, S786–S787 (2010). [CrossRef]

[32] T. Kshiwagi at University of Tsukuba is preparing a manuscript to be called, “Geometrical full-wavelength resonance mode generating terahertz waves from a single crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ rectangular mesa.”

[33] T. Mochiku and K. Kadowaki, “Growth and properties of Bi2Sr2(Ca,Y)Cu2O8+δ single crystals,” Physica C 235–240, 523 (1994). [CrossRef]

[34] V. R. Misko, S. Savel’ev, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Nonuniform self-organized dynamical states in superconductors with periodic pinning,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(12), 127004 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[35] V. R. Misko, S. Savel’ev, A. L. Rakhmanov, and F. Nori, “Negative differential resistivity in superconductors with periodic arrays of pinning sites,” Phys. Rev. B 75(2), 024509 (2007). [CrossRef]

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