We demonstrate a single shot two-dimensional grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging using a synchrotron radiation source. A checkerboard designed phase grating for π phase modulation at 17 keV and 35 keV, and a lattice-shaped amplitude grating with a high aspect ratio to shield X-rays up to 35 keV were fabricated. A Fourier analysis of Moiré fringe generated by the gratings was introduced to obtain the two-dimensional differential phase-contrast image with a single exposure. The results show that soft tissues and cartilages of a chicken wing sample are clearly seen with differential phase variation in two-dimensional directions. Using this method not only the whole of an object but also only an inner part of the object can be imaged.

© 2011 OSA

1. U. Bonse and M. Hart, “An X-ray interferometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 6(8), 155–156 (1965). [CrossRef]
2. V. N. Ingal and E. A. Beliaevskaya, “X-ray plane-wave topography observation of the phase contrast from a non-crystalline object,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 28(11), 2314–2317 (1995). [CrossRef]
3. T. J. Davis, D. Gao, T. E. Gureyev, A. W. Stevenson, and S. W. Wilkins, “Phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing materials using hard X-rays,” Nature 373(6515), 595–598 (1995). [CrossRef]
4. D. Chapman, W. Thomlinson, R. E. Johnston, D. Washburn, E. Pisano, N. Gmür, Z. Zhong, R. Menk, F. Arfelli, and D. Sayers, “Diffraction enhanced x-ray imaging,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(11), 2015–2025 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. A. Snigirev, I. Snigireva, V. Kohn, S. Kuznetsov, and I. Schelokov, “On the possibilities of X-ray phase contrast microimaging by coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66(12), 5486–5492 (1995). [CrossRef]
6. S. W. Wilkins, T. E. Gureyev, D. Gao, A. Pogany, and A. W. Stevenson, “Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays,” Nature 384(6607), 335–338 (1996). [CrossRef]
7. H. F. Talbot, “Facts relating to optical science, No. IV,” Philos. Mag. 9, 401–407 (1836).
8. A. Momose, S. Kawamoto, I. Koyama, Y. Hamaishi, K. Takai, and Y. Suzuki, “Demonstration of X-ray Talbot interferometry,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 2, No. 7B), L866–L868 (2003). [CrossRef]
9. A. Momose, W. Yashiro, Y. Takeda, Y. Suzuki, and T. Hattori, “Phase tomography by X-ray Talbot interferometry for biological imaging,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(No. 6A), 5254–5262 (2006). [CrossRef]
10. T. Weitkamp, A. Diaz, C. David, F. Pfeiffer, M. Stampanoni, P. Cloetens, and E. Ziegler, “X-ray phase imaging with a grating interferometer,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6296–6304 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
11. F. Pfeiffer, T. Weitkamp, O. Bunk, and C. David, “Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources,” Nat. Phys. 2(4), 258–261 (2006). [CrossRef]
12. F. Pfeiffer, M. Bech, O. Bunk, P. Kraft, E. F. Eikenberry, Ch. Brönnimann, C. Grünzweig, and C. David, “Hard-X-ray dark-field imaging using a grating interferometer,” Nat. Mater. 7(2), 134–137 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. A. Momose, W. Yashiro, H. Maikusa, and Y. Takeda, “High-speed X-ray phase imaging and X-ray phase tomography with Talbot interferometer and white synchrotron radiation,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12540–12545 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. C. Kottler, C. David, F. Pfeiffer, and O. Bunk, “A two-directional approach for grating based differential phase contrast imaging using hard X-rays,” Opt. Express 15(3), 1175–1181 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. H. H. Wen, E. E. Bennett, R. Kopace, A. F. Stein, and V. Pai, “Single-shot x-ray differential phase-contrast and diffraction imaging using two-dimensional transmission gratings,” Opt. Lett. 35(12), 1932–1934 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. M. Takeda, H. Ina, and S. Kobayashi, “Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computed-based topography and interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72(1), 156–160 (1982). [CrossRef]

Arfelli, F.
Bech, M.
Beliaevskaya, E. A.
Bennett, E. E.
Bonse, U.
Brönnimann, Ch.
Bunk, O.
Chapman, D.
Cloetens, P.
David, C.
Davis, T. J.
Diaz, A.
Eikenberry, E. F.
Gao, D.
Gmür, N.
Grünzweig, C.
Gureyev, T. E.
Hamaishi, Y.
Hart, M.
Hattori, T.
Ina, H.
Ingal, V. N.
Johnston, R. E.
Kawamoto, S.
Kobayashi, S.
Kohn, V.
Kopace, R.
Kottler, C.
Koyama, I.
Kraft, P.
Kuznetsov, S.
Maikusa, H.
Menk, R.
Momose, A.
Pai, V.
Pfeiffer, F.
Pisano, E.
Pogany, A.
Sayers, D.
Schelokov, I.
Snigirev, A.
Snigireva, I.
Stampanoni, M.
Stein, A. F.
Stevenson, A. W.
Suzuki, Y.
Takai, K.
Takeda, M.
Takeda, Y.
Talbot, H. F.
Thomlinson, W.
Washburn, D.
Weitkamp, T.
Wen, H. H.
Wilkins, S. W.
Yashiro, W.
Zhong, Z.
Ziegler, E.

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• U. Bonse and M. Hart, “An X-ray interferometer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 6(8), 155–156 (1965). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am.

• M. Takeda, H. Ina, and S. Kobayashi, “Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computed-based topography and interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72(1), 156–160 (1982). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.

• V. N. Ingal and E. A. Beliaevskaya, “X-ray plane-wave topography observation of the phase contrast from a non-crystalline object,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 28(11), 2314–2317 (1995). [CrossRef]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

• A. Momose, S. Kawamoto, I. Koyama, Y. Hamaishi, K. Takai, and Y. Suzuki, “Demonstration of X-ray Talbot interferometry,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 2, No. 7B), L866–L868 (2003). [CrossRef]
• A. Momose, W. Yashiro, Y. Takeda, Y. Suzuki, and T. Hattori, “Phase tomography by X-ray Talbot interferometry for biological imaging,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(No. 6A), 5254–5262 (2006). [CrossRef]

Nat. Mater.

• F. Pfeiffer, M. Bech, O. Bunk, P. Kraft, E. F. Eikenberry, Ch. Brönnimann, C. Grünzweig, and C. David, “Hard-X-ray dark-field imaging using a grating interferometer,” Nat. Mater. 7(2), 134–137 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nat. Phys.

• F. Pfeiffer, T. Weitkamp, O. Bunk, and C. David, “Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources,” Nat. Phys. 2(4), 258–261 (2006). [CrossRef]

Nature

• S. W. Wilkins, T. E. Gureyev, D. Gao, A. Pogany, and A. W. Stevenson, “Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays,” Nature 384(6607), 335–338 (1996). [CrossRef]
• T. J. Davis, D. Gao, T. E. Gureyev, A. W. Stevenson, and S. W. Wilkins, “Phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing materials using hard X-rays,” Nature 373(6515), 595–598 (1995). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• T. Weitkamp, A. Diaz, C. David, F. Pfeiffer, M. Stampanoni, P. Cloetens, and E. Ziegler, “X-ray phase imaging with a grating interferometer,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6296–6304 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. Momose, W. Yashiro, H. Maikusa, and Y. Takeda, “High-speed X-ray phase imaging and X-ray phase tomography with Talbot interferometer and white synchrotron radiation,” Opt. Express 17(15), 12540–12545 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• C. Kottler, C. David, F. Pfeiffer, and O. Bunk, “A two-directional approach for grating based differential phase contrast imaging using hard X-rays,” Opt. Express 15(3), 1175–1181 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• H. H. Wen, E. E. Bennett, R. Kopace, A. F. Stein, and V. Pai, “Single-shot x-ray differential phase-contrast and diffraction imaging using two-dimensional transmission gratings,” Opt. Lett. 35(12), 1932–1934 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Philos. Mag.

• H. F. Talbot, “Facts relating to optical science, No. IV,” Philos. Mag. 9, 401–407 (1836).

Phys. Med. Biol.

• D. Chapman, W. Thomlinson, R. E. Johnston, D. Washburn, E. Pisano, N. Gmür, Z. Zhong, R. Menk, F. Arfelli, and D. Sayers, “Diffraction enhanced x-ray imaging,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(11), 2015–2025 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Rev. Sci. Instrum.

• A. Snigirev, I. Snigireva, V. Kohn, S. Kuznetsov, and I. Schelokov, “On the possibilities of X-ray phase contrast microimaging by coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66(12), 5486–5492 (1995). [CrossRef]

2010, Wen, Opt. Lett.
2009, Momose, Opt. Express
2008, Pfeiffer, Nat. Mater.
2007, Kottler, Opt. Express
2006, Pfeiffer, Nat. Phys.
2006, Momose, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
2005, Weitkamp, Opt. Express
2003, Momose, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
1997, Chapman, Phys. Med. Biol.
1996, Wilkins, Nature
1995, Snigirev, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
1995, Ingal, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
1995, Davis, Nature
1982, Takeda, J. Opt. Soc. Am.
1965, Bonse, Appl. Phys. Lett.
1836, Talbot, Philos. Mag.

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