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40 Gb/s wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifierChristian Meuer, Carsten Schmidt-Langhorst, Holger Schmeckebier, Gerrit Fiol, Dejan Arsenijević, Colja Schubert, and Dieter Bimberg »View Author Affiliations
Christian Meuer,1,*
Carsten Schmidt-Langhorst,2
Holger Schmeckebier,1
Gerrit Fiol,1
Dejan Arsenijević,1
Colja Schubert,2
and Dieter Bimberg1
1Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, EW 5-2, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany 2Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587 Berlin, Germany *Corresponding author: chmeuer@sol.physik.tu-berlin.de |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 4, pp. 3788-3798 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.003788
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Abstract
The static and dynamic characteristics of degenerate four-wave mixing in a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier are investigated. A high chip conversion efficiency of 1.5 dB at 0.3 nm detuning, a low (< 5 dB) asymmetry of up and down conversion and a spectral conversion range of 15 nm with an optical signal-to-noise ratio above 20 dB is observed. The comparison of pumping near the gain peak and at the edge of the gain spectrum reveals the optical signal-to-noise ratio as the crucial parameter for error-free wavelength conversion. Small-signal bandwidths well beyond 40 GHz and 40 Gb/s error-free 5 nm wavelength down conversion with penalties below 1 dB are presented. Due to the optical signal-to-noise ratio limitation, wavelength up conversion is error-free at a pump wavelength of 1311 nm with a penalty of 2.5 dB, whereas an error floor is observed for pumping at 1291 nm. A dual pump configuration is demonstrated, to extend the wavelength conversion range enabling 15.4 nm error-free wavelength up conversion with 3.5 dB penalty caused by the additional saturation of the second pump. This is the first time that 40 Gb/s error-free wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers is presented.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(190.4380) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing
(250.5980) Optoelectronics : Semiconductor optical amplifiers
ToC Category:
Nonlinear Optics
History
Original Manuscript: December 20, 2010
Revised Manuscript: February 2, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: February 2, 2011
Published: February 11, 2011
Citation
Christian Meuer, Carsten Schmidt-Langhorst, Holger Schmeckebier, Gerrit Fiol, Dejan Arsenijević, Colja Schubert, and Dieter Bimberg, "40 Gb/s wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier," Opt. Express 19, 3788-3798 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-4-3788
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- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Pattern-effect-free amplification and cross-gain modulation achieved by using ultrafast gain nonlinearity in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 238(2), 301–304 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, H. Kuwatsuka, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Symmetric Highly Efficient (~0 dB) Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Quantum Dot Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1139–1141 (2002). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- C. Meuer, H. Schmeckebier, G. Fiol, D. Arsenijevic, J. Kim, G. Eisenstein, and D. Bimberg, “Cross-Gain Modulation and Four-Wave Mixing for Wavelength Conversion in undoped and p-doped 1.3 µm Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. 2(2), 141–151 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Capua, S. O’Duill, V. Mikhelashvili, G. Eisenstein, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Somers, and A. Forchel, “Cross talk free multi channel processing of 10 Gbit/s data via four wave mixing in a 1550 nm InAs/InP quantum dash amplifier,” Opt. Express 16(23), 19072–19077 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, C. Meuer, M. Laemmlin, S. Liebich, J. Kim, A. R. Kovsh, I. Krestnikov, and G. Eisenstein, “Nonlinear properties of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 1.3 µm,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6, 724–726 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Bilenca, R. Alizon, V. Mikhelashhvili, D. Dahan, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, “Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(4), 563–565 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, A. D. Ellis, D. Nesset, R. Kashyap, and D. G. Moodie, “100Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier,” Electron. Lett. 34(20), 1955–1956 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- C. Meuer, H. Schmeckebier, G. Fiol, D. Arsenijevic, J. Kim, G. Eisenstein, and D. Bimberg, “Cross-Gain Modulation and Four-Wave Mixing for Wavelength Conversion in undoped and p-doped 1.3 µm Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. 2(2), 141–151 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Capua, S. O’Duill, V. Mikhelashvili, G. Eisenstein, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Somers, and A. Forchel, “Cross talk free multi channel processing of 10 Gbit/s data via four wave mixing in a 1550 nm InAs/InP quantum dash amplifier,” Opt. Express 16(23), 19072–19077 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Bilenca, R. Alizon, V. Mikhelashhvili, D. Dahan, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, “Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(4), 563–565 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Bilenca, R. Alizon, V. Mikhelashhvili, D. Dahan, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, “Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(4), 563–565 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- G. Grosskopf, R. Ludwig, and H. G. Weber, “140 Mbit/s DPSK Transmission Using an All-Optical Frequency-Converter with a 4000 GHz Conversion Range,” Electron. Lett. 24(17), 1106–1107 (1988). [CrossRef]
- N. Schunk, G. Groβkopt, R. Ludwig, R. Schnabel, and H. G. Weber, “Frequency-Conversion by Nearly-Degenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in Traveling-Wave Semiconductor-Laser Amplifiers,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 137, 209–214 (1990). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Pattern-effect-free amplification and cross-gain modulation achieved by using ultrafast gain nonlinearity in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 238(2), 301–304 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, H. Kuwatsuka, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Symmetric Highly Efficient (~0 dB) Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Quantum Dot Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1139–1141 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
- P. Borri, W. Langbein, J. M. Hvam, F. Heinrichsdorff, H.-M. Mao, and D. Bimberg, “Spectral Hole-Burning and Carrier-Heating Dynamics in InGaAs Quantum-Dot Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6(3), 544–551 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- I. O'Driscoll, T. Piwonski, C. F. Schleussner, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, and R. J. Manning, “Electron and hole dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(26), 263506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- I. O'Driscoll, T. Piwonski, C. F. Schleussner, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, and R. J. Manning, “Electron and hole dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(26), 263506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Borri, W. Langbein, J. M. Hvam, F. Heinrichsdorff, H.-M. Mao, and D. Bimberg, “Spectral Hole-Burning and Carrier-Heating Dynamics in InGaAs Quantum-Dot Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6(3), 544–551 (2000). [CrossRef]
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. Nielsen, S. L. Chuang, N. J. Kim, D. Lee, S. H. Pyun, W. G. Jeong, C. Y. Chen, and T. S. Lay, “High-speed wavelength conversion in quantum dot and quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi, M. Kakui, C. E. Zah, and T. P. Lee, “Observation of Highly Nondegenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in 1.5 µm Traveling-Wave Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Estimation of Nonlinear Gain Coefficient,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(1), 151–156 (1992). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, A. D. Ellis, D. Nesset, R. Kashyap, and D. G. Moodie, “100Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier,” Electron. Lett. 34(20), 1955–1956 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, A. D. Ellis, D. Nesset, R. Kashyap, and D. G. Moodie, “100Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier,” Electron. Lett. 34(20), 1955–1956 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, D. D. Marcenac, and D. Nesset, “40Gbit/s wavelength conversion over 24.6nm using FWM in a semiconductor optical amplifier with an optimised MQW active region,” Electron. Lett. 33(25), 2123–2124 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi, M. Kakui, C. E. Zah, and T. P. Lee, “Observation of Highly Nondegenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in 1.5 µm Traveling-Wave Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Estimation of Nonlinear Gain Coefficient,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(1), 151–156 (1992). [CrossRef]
- C. Meuer, H. Schmeckebier, G. Fiol, D. Arsenijevic, J. Kim, G. Eisenstein, and D. Bimberg, “Cross-Gain Modulation and Four-Wave Mixing for Wavelength Conversion in undoped and p-doped 1.3 µm Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. 2(2), 141–151 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, C. Meuer, M. Laemmlin, S. Liebich, J. Kim, A. R. Kovsh, I. Krestnikov, and G. Eisenstein, “Nonlinear properties of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 1.3 µm,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6, 724–726 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D. Nielsen, S. L. Chuang, N. J. Kim, D. Lee, S. H. Pyun, W. G. Jeong, C. Y. Chen, and T. S. Lay, “High-speed wavelength conversion in quantum dot and quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, A. Maruta, S. Sekiguchi, K. Morito, M. Sugawara, and K. Kitayama, “Regenerative Amplification by Using Self-Phase Modulation in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(7), 492–494 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, C. Meuer, M. Laemmlin, S. Liebich, J. Kim, A. R. Kovsh, I. Krestnikov, and G. Eisenstein, “Nonlinear properties of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 1.3 µm,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6, 724–726 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Kuntz, and M. Laemmlin, “Quantum dot photonic devices for lightwave communication,” Microelectron. J. 36(3-6), 175–179 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, H. Kuwatsuka, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Symmetric Highly Efficient (~0 dB) Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Quantum Dot Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1139–1141 (2002). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Morgan, J. P. R. Lacey, and R. S. Tucker, “Widely tunable four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers with constant conversion efficiency,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1401–1403 (1998). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, C. Meuer, M. Laemmlin, S. Liebich, J. Kim, A. R. Kovsh, I. Krestnikov, and G. Eisenstein, “Nonlinear properties of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 1.3 µm,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6, 724–726 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. Vallaitis, C. Koos, R. Bonk, W. Freude, M. Laemmlin, C. Meuer, D. Bimberg, and J. Leuthold, “Slow and fast dynamics of gain and phase in a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier,” Opt. Express 16(1), 170–178 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Bimberg, M. Kuntz, and M. Laemmlin, “Quantum dot photonic devices for lightwave communication,” Microelectron. J. 36(3-6), 175–179 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Uskov, E. P. O'Reilly, M. Laemmlin, N. N. Ledentsov, and D. Bimberg, “On gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 248(1-3), 211–219 (2005). [CrossRef]
- P. Borri, W. Langbein, J. M. Hvam, F. Heinrichsdorff, H.-M. Mao, and D. Bimberg, “Spectral Hole-Burning and Carrier-Heating Dynamics in InGaAs Quantum-Dot Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6(3), 544–551 (2000). [CrossRef]
- D. Nielsen, S. L. Chuang, N. J. Kim, D. Lee, S. H. Pyun, W. G. Jeong, C. Y. Chen, and T. S. Lay, “High-speed wavelength conversion in quantum dot and quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Uskov, E. P. O'Reilly, M. Laemmlin, N. N. Ledentsov, and D. Bimberg, “On gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 248(1-3), 211–219 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- D. Nielsen, S. L. Chuang, N. J. Kim, D. Lee, S. H. Pyun, W. G. Jeong, C. Y. Chen, and T. S. Lay, “High-speed wavelength conversion in quantum dot and quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi, M. Kakui, C. E. Zah, and T. P. Lee, “Observation of Highly Nondegenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in 1.5 µm Traveling-Wave Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Estimation of Nonlinear Gain Coefficient,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(1), 151–156 (1992). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- N. Schunk, G. Groβkopt, R. Ludwig, R. Schnabel, and H. G. Weber, “Frequency-Conversion by Nearly-Degenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in Traveling-Wave Semiconductor-Laser Amplifiers,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 137, 209–214 (1990). [CrossRef]
- G. Grosskopf, R. Ludwig, and H. G. Weber, “140 Mbit/s DPSK Transmission Using an All-Optical Frequency-Converter with a 4000 GHz Conversion Range,” Electron. Lett. 24(17), 1106–1107 (1988). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- I. O'Driscoll, T. Piwonski, C. F. Schleussner, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, and R. J. Manning, “Electron and hole dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(26), 263506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Borri, W. Langbein, J. M. Hvam, F. Heinrichsdorff, H.-M. Mao, and D. Bimberg, “Spectral Hole-Burning and Carrier-Heating Dynamics in InGaAs Quantum-Dot Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6(3), 544–551 (2000). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, D. D. Marcenac, and D. Nesset, “40Gbit/s wavelength conversion over 24.6nm using FWM in a semiconductor optical amplifier with an optimised MQW active region,” Electron. Lett. 33(25), 2123–2124 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, A. Maruta, S. Sekiguchi, K. Morito, M. Sugawara, and K. Kitayama, “Regenerative Amplification by Using Self-Phase Modulation in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(7), 492–494 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- C. Meuer, H. Schmeckebier, G. Fiol, D. Arsenijevic, J. Kim, G. Eisenstein, and D. Bimberg, “Cross-Gain Modulation and Four-Wave Mixing for Wavelength Conversion in undoped and p-doped 1.3 µm Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. 2(2), 141–151 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, C. Meuer, M. Laemmlin, S. Liebich, J. Kim, A. R. Kovsh, I. Krestnikov, and G. Eisenstein, “Nonlinear properties of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 1.3 µm,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6, 724–726 (2008). [CrossRef]
- T. Vallaitis, C. Koos, R. Bonk, W. Freude, M. Laemmlin, C. Meuer, D. Bimberg, and J. Leuthold, “Slow and fast dynamics of gain and phase in a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier,” Opt. Express 16(1), 170–178 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Bilenca, R. Alizon, V. Mikhelashhvili, D. Dahan, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, “Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(4), 563–565 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, A. D. Ellis, D. Nesset, R. Kashyap, and D. G. Moodie, “100Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier,” Electron. Lett. 34(20), 1955–1956 (1998). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Morgan, J. P. R. Lacey, and R. S. Tucker, “Widely tunable four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers with constant conversion efficiency,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1401–1403 (1998). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, A. Maruta, S. Sekiguchi, K. Morito, M. Sugawara, and K. Kitayama, “Regenerative Amplification by Using Self-Phase Modulation in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(7), 492–494 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Pattern-effect-free amplification and cross-gain modulation achieved by using ultrafast gain nonlinearity in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 238(2), 301–304 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, H. Kuwatsuka, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Symmetric Highly Efficient (~0 dB) Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Quantum Dot Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1139–1141 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, A. D. Ellis, D. Nesset, R. Kashyap, and D. G. Moodie, “100Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier,” Electron. Lett. 34(20), 1955–1956 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, D. D. Marcenac, and D. Nesset, “40Gbit/s wavelength conversion over 24.6nm using FWM in a semiconductor optical amplifier with an optimised MQW active region,” Electron. Lett. 33(25), 2123–2124 (1997). [CrossRef]
- D. Nielsen, S. L. Chuang, N. J. Kim, D. Lee, S. H. Pyun, W. G. Jeong, C. Y. Chen, and T. S. Lay, “High-speed wavelength conversion in quantum dot and quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- I. O'Driscoll, T. Piwonski, C. F. Schleussner, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, and R. J. Manning, “Electron and hole dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(26), 263506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Uskov, E. P. O'Reilly, M. Laemmlin, N. N. Ledentsov, and D. Bimberg, “On gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 248(1-3), 211–219 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- I. O'Driscoll, T. Piwonski, C. F. Schleussner, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, and R. J. Manning, “Electron and hole dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(26), 263506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Nielsen, S. L. Chuang, N. J. Kim, D. Lee, S. H. Pyun, W. G. Jeong, C. Y. Chen, and T. S. Lay, “High-speed wavelength conversion in quantum dot and quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Capua, S. O’Duill, V. Mikhelashvili, G. Eisenstein, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Somers, and A. Forchel, “Cross talk free multi channel processing of 10 Gbit/s data via four wave mixing in a 1550 nm InAs/InP quantum dash amplifier,” Opt. Express 16(23), 19072–19077 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Bilenca, R. Alizon, V. Mikhelashhvili, D. Dahan, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, “Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(4), 563–565 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- I. Tomkos, I. Zacharopoulos, D. Syvridis, T. Sphicopoulos, and E. Roditi, “Improved performance of a wavelength converter based on dual pump four-wave mixing in a bulk semiconductor optical amplifier,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(20), 2499–2501 (1998). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- I. O'Driscoll, T. Piwonski, C. F. Schleussner, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, and R. J. Manning, “Electron and hole dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(26), 263506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. Meuer, H. Schmeckebier, G. Fiol, D. Arsenijevic, J. Kim, G. Eisenstein, and D. Bimberg, “Cross-Gain Modulation and Four-Wave Mixing for Wavelength Conversion in undoped and p-doped 1.3 µm Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. 2(2), 141–151 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- N. Schunk, G. Groβkopt, R. Ludwig, R. Schnabel, and H. G. Weber, “Frequency-Conversion by Nearly-Degenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in Traveling-Wave Semiconductor-Laser Amplifiers,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 137, 209–214 (1990). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- N. Schunk, G. Groβkopt, R. Ludwig, R. Schnabel, and H. G. Weber, “Frequency-Conversion by Nearly-Degenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in Traveling-Wave Semiconductor-Laser Amplifiers,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 137, 209–214 (1990). [CrossRef]
- A. Bilenca, R. Alizon, V. Mikhelashhvili, D. Dahan, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, “Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(4), 563–565 (2003). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, A. Maruta, S. Sekiguchi, K. Morito, M. Sugawara, and K. Kitayama, “Regenerative Amplification by Using Self-Phase Modulation in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(7), 492–494 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- I. Tomkos, I. Zacharopoulos, D. Syvridis, T. Sphicopoulos, and E. Roditi, “Improved performance of a wavelength converter based on dual pump four-wave mixing in a bulk semiconductor optical amplifier,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(20), 2499–2501 (1998). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, A. Maruta, S. Sekiguchi, K. Morito, M. Sugawara, and K. Kitayama, “Regenerative Amplification by Using Self-Phase Modulation in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(7), 492–494 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Pattern-effect-free amplification and cross-gain modulation achieved by using ultrafast gain nonlinearity in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 238(2), 301–304 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, H. Kuwatsuka, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Symmetric Highly Efficient (~0 dB) Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Quantum Dot Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1139–1141 (2002). [CrossRef]
- I. Tomkos, I. Zacharopoulos, D. Syvridis, T. Sphicopoulos, and E. Roditi, “Improved performance of a wavelength converter based on dual pump four-wave mixing in a bulk semiconductor optical amplifier,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(20), 2499–2501 (1998). [CrossRef]
- I. Tomkos, I. Zacharopoulos, D. Syvridis, T. Sphicopoulos, and E. Roditi, “Improved performance of a wavelength converter based on dual pump four-wave mixing in a bulk semiconductor optical amplifier,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(20), 2499–2501 (1998). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Morgan, J. P. R. Lacey, and R. S. Tucker, “Widely tunable four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers with constant conversion efficiency,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1401–1403 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Uskov, E. P. O'Reilly, M. Laemmlin, N. N. Ledentsov, and D. Bimberg, “On gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 248(1-3), 211–219 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- N. Schunk, G. Groβkopt, R. Ludwig, R. Schnabel, and H. G. Weber, “Frequency-Conversion by Nearly-Degenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in Traveling-Wave Semiconductor-Laser Amplifiers,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 137, 209–214 (1990). [CrossRef]
- G. Grosskopf, R. Ludwig, and H. G. Weber, “140 Mbit/s DPSK Transmission Using an All-Optical Frequency-Converter with a 4000 GHz Conversion Range,” Electron. Lett. 24(17), 1106–1107 (1988). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. Bimberg, M. Grundmann, N. N. Ledentsov, S. S. Ruvimov, P. Werner, U. Richter, J. Heydenreich, V. M. Ustinov, P. S. Kopev, and Z. I. Alferov, “Self-organization processes in MBE-grown quantum dot structures,” Thin Solid Films 267(1-2), 32–36 (1995). [CrossRef]
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. J. B. Yoo, “Wavelength conversion technologies for WDM network applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(6), 955–966 (1996). [CrossRef]
- I. Tomkos, I. Zacharopoulos, D. Syvridis, T. Sphicopoulos, and E. Roditi, “Improved performance of a wavelength converter based on dual pump four-wave mixing in a bulk semiconductor optical amplifier,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(20), 2499–2501 (1998). [CrossRef]
- K. Kikuchi, M. Kakui, C. E. Zah, and T. P. Lee, “Observation of Highly Nondegenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in 1.5 µm Traveling-Wave Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Estimation of Nonlinear Gain Coefficient,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(1), 151–156 (1992). [CrossRef]
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- I. O'Driscoll, T. Piwonski, C. F. Schleussner, J. Houlihan, G. Huyet, and R. J. Manning, “Electron and hole dynamics of InAs/GaAs quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(26), 263506 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. Nielsen, S. L. Chuang, N. J. Kim, D. Lee, S. H. Pyun, W. G. Jeong, C. Y. Chen, and T. S. Lay, “High-speed wavelength conversion in quantum dot and quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(21), 211101 (2008). [CrossRef]
- I. Tomkos, I. Zacharopoulos, D. Syvridis, T. Sphicopoulos, and E. Roditi, “Improved performance of a wavelength converter based on dual pump four-wave mixing in a bulk semiconductor optical amplifier,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(20), 2499–2501 (1998). [CrossRef]
Chin. Opt. Lett.
- D. Bimberg, C. Meuer, M. Laemmlin, S. Liebich, J. Kim, A. R. Kovsh, I. Krestnikov, and G. Eisenstein, “Nonlinear properties of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers at 1.3 µm,” Chin. Opt. Lett. 6, 724–726 (2008). [CrossRef]
Electron. Lett.
- A. E. Kelly, A. D. Ellis, D. Nesset, R. Kashyap, and D. G. Moodie, “100Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier,” Electron. Lett. 34(20), 1955–1956 (1998). [CrossRef]
- A. E. Kelly, D. D. Marcenac, and D. Nesset, “40Gbit/s wavelength conversion over 24.6nm using FWM in a semiconductor optical amplifier with an optimised MQW active region,” Electron. Lett. 33(25), 2123–2124 (1997). [CrossRef]
- G. Grosskopf, R. Ludwig, and H. G. Weber, “140 Mbit/s DPSK Transmission Using an All-Optical Frequency-Converter with a 4000 GHz Conversion Range,” Electron. Lett. 24(17), 1106–1107 (1988). [CrossRef]
- S. Diez, C. Schubert, H.-J. Ehrke, U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, E. Patzak, C. Schmidt, and H. G. Weber, “160 Gb/s all-optical demultiplexer using a hybrid gain-transparent SOA Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer,” Electron. Lett. 36(17), 1484 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. L. Jansen, M. Heid, S. Spalter, E. Meissner, C. J. Weiske, A. Schopflin, D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt, “Demultiplexing 160 Gbit/s OTDM signal to 40 Gbit/s by FWM in SOA,” Electron. Lett. 38(17), 978–980 (2002). [CrossRef]
IEE Proc. Optoelectron.
- N. Schunk, G. Groβkopt, R. Ludwig, R. Schnabel, and H. G. Weber, “Frequency-Conversion by Nearly-Degenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in Traveling-Wave Semiconductor-Laser Amplifiers,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 137, 209–214 (1990). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- K. Kikuchi, M. Kakui, C. E. Zah, and T. P. Lee, “Observation of Highly Nondegenerate 4-Wave-Mixing in 1.5 µm Traveling-Wave Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Estimation of Nonlinear Gain Coefficient,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(1), 151–156 (1992). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- S. Diez, C. Schmidt, R. Ludwig, H. G. Weber, K. Obermann, S. Kindt, I. Koltchanov, and K. Petermann, “Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 3(5), 1131–1145 (1997). [CrossRef]
- P. Borri, W. Langbein, J. M. Hvam, F. Heinrichsdorff, H.-M. Mao, and D. Bimberg, “Spectral Hole-Burning and Carrier-Heating Dynamics in InGaAs Quantum-Dot Amplifiers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6(3), 544–551 (2000). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon.
- C. Meuer, H. Schmeckebier, G. Fiol, D. Arsenijevic, J. Kim, G. Eisenstein, and D. Bimberg, “Cross-Gain Modulation and Four-Wave Mixing for Wavelength Conversion in undoped and p-doped 1.3 µm Quantum Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. 2(2), 141–151 (2010). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- A. Bilenca, R. Alizon, V. Mikhelashhvili, D. Dahan, G. Eisenstein, R. Schwertberger, D. Gold, J. P. Reithmaier, and A. Forchel, “Broad-band wavelength conversion based on cross-gain modulation and four-wave mixing in InAs-InP quantum-dash semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1550 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(4), 563–565 (2003). [CrossRef]
- U. Feiste, R. Ludwig, C. Schmidt, E. Dietrich, S. Diez, H. Ehrke, E. Patzak, H. G. Weber, and T. Merker, “80-Gb/s transmission over 106-km standard-fiber using optical phase conjugation in a Sagnac-interferometer,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 11(8), 1063–1065 (1999). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, F. Martelli, A. Mecozzi, L. Graziani, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Guekos, R. Dall'Ara, and J. Eckner, “Efficiency flattening and equalization of frequency up- and down-conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1398–1400 (1998). [CrossRef]
- T. J. Morgan, J. P. R. Lacey, and R. S. Tucker, “Widely tunable four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers with constant conversion efficiency,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10(10), 1401–1403 (1998). [CrossRef]
- T. Akiyama, H. Kuwatsuka, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Symmetric Highly Efficient (~0 dB) Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in Quantum Dot Optical Amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1139–1141 (2002). [CrossRef]
- G. Contestabile, A. Maruta, S. Sekiguchi, K. Morito, M. Sugawara, and K. Kitayama, “Regenerative Amplification by Using Self-Phase Modulation in a Quantum-Dot SOA,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(7), 492–494 (2010). [CrossRef]
J. Cryst. Growth
- A. R. Kovsh, N. A. Maleev, A. E. Zhukov, S. S. Mikhrin, A. P. Vasil'ev, E. A. Semenova, Y. M. Shernyakov, M. V. Maximov, D. A. Livshits, V. M. Ustinov, N. N. Ledentsov, D. Bimberg, and Z. I. Alferov, “InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers of 1.3 µm range with enhanced optical gain,” J. Cryst. Growth 251(1-4), 729–736 (2003). [CrossRef]
J. Lightwave Technol.
- S. J. B. Yoo, “Wavelength conversion technologies for WDM network applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(6), 955–966 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.
- M. Sugawara, N. Hatori, M. Ishida, H. Ebe, Y. Arakawa, T. Akiyama, K. Otsubo, Y. Yamamoto, and Y. Nakata, “Recent progress in self-assembled quantum-dot optical devices for optical telecommunication: temperature-insensitive 10 Gb s−1 directly modulated lasers and 40 Gb s−1 signal-regenerative amplifiers,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38(13), 2126–2134 (2005). [CrossRef]
Microelectron. J.
- D. Bimberg, M. Kuntz, and M. Laemmlin, “Quantum dot photonic devices for lightwave communication,” Microelectron. J. 36(3-6), 175–179 (2005). [CrossRef]
Opt. Commun.
- A. V. Uskov, E. P. O'Reilly, M. Laemmlin, N. N. Ledentsov, and D. Bimberg, “On gain saturation in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 248(1-3), 211–219 (2005). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- T. Vallaitis, C. Koos, R. Bonk, W. Freude, M. Laemmlin, C. Meuer, D. Bimberg, and J. Leuthold, “Slow and fast dynamics of gain and phase in a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier,” Opt. Express 16(1), 170–178 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Capua, S. O’Duill, V. Mikhelashvili, G. Eisenstein, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Somers, and A. Forchel, “Cross talk free multi channel processing of 10 Gbit/s data via four wave mixing in a 1550 nm InAs/InP quantum dash amplifier,” Opt. Express 16(23), 19072–19077 (2008). [CrossRef]
Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res.
- T. Akiyama, N. Hatori, Y. Nakata, H. Ebe, and M. Sugawara, “Pattern-effect-free amplification and cross-gain modulation achieved by using ultrafast gain nonlinearity in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers,” Phys. Status Solidi, B Basic Res. 238(2), 301–304 (2003). [CrossRef]
Thin Solid Films
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Other
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