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Random optical pulse generation with bistable semiconductor ring lasersSatoshi Sunada, Takahisa Harayama, Kenichi Arai, Kazuyuki Yoshimura, Ken Tsuzuki, Atsushi Uchida, and Peter Davis »View Author Affiliations
Satoshi Sunada,1,*
Takahisa Harayama,1
Kenichi Arai,1
Kazuyuki Yoshimura,1
Ken Tsuzuki,2
Atsushi Uchida,3
and Peter Davis1
1NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 2–4 Hikaridai Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan 2NTT Photonics Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan 2Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan *Corresponding author: sunada@cslab.kecl.ntt.co.jp |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 8, pp. 7439-7450 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.007439
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Abstract
We experimentally show that a random optical pulse train can be generated by modulating a bistable semiconductor ring laser. When the ring laser is switched from the monostable to the bistable regime, it randomly selects one of two different stable unidirectional lasing modes, clockwise or counterclockwise modes. Non-deterministic random pulse sequences are generated by driving the switch parameter, the injection current, with a periodic pulse signal. The origin of the nondeterministic randomness is the amplified spontaneous emission noise coupled to the counter-propagating lasing modes. The statistical randomness properties are optimized by adjusting the relative strength of amplified spontaneous emission noise sources for the two lasing modes. It is also shown that it is possible to generate optical pulse sequences which pass a standard suite of statistical randomness tests.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3560) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, ring
(140.5960) Lasers and laser optics : Semiconductor lasers
(190.1450) Nonlinear optics : Bistability
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: December 23, 2010
Revised Manuscript: February 28, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: March 9, 2011
Published: April 4, 2011
Citation
Satoshi Sunada, Takahisa Harayama, Kenichi Arai, Kazuyuki Yoshimura, Ken Tsuzuki, Atsushi Uchida, and Peter Davis, "Random optical pulse generation with bistable semiconductor ring lasers," Opt. Express 19, 7439-7450 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-8-7439
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References
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- W. Coomans, S. Beri, G. Van der Sande, L. Gelens, and J. Danckaert, “Optical injection in semiconductor ring lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 81, 033802 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Trita, M. J. Latorre Vidal, M. Zanola, G. Mezosi, J. Javaloyes, M. Sorel, F. Bragheri, I. Cristiani, A. Scirè, S. Balle, and G. Giuliani, “All-Optical Set-Reset Flip-Flop based on Semiconductor Ring Laser: Ultrafast Response and Error-Free Bit-Error-Rate Operation,” in International Conference on Photonics in Switching (IEEE, 2009), pp. 1–2. [CrossRef]
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- S. Beri, L. Gelens, M. Mestre, G. Van der Sande, G. Verschaffelt, A. Scirè, G. Mezosi, M. Sorel, and J. Danckaert, “Topological Insight into the Non-Arrhenius Mode Hopping of Semiconductor Ring Lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 093903 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Sorel, G. Giuliani, A. Scirè, R. Miglierina, S. Donati, and P. J. R. Laybourn, “Operating regimes of GaAs-AlGaAs semiconductor ring lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39, 1187–1195 (2003). [CrossRef]
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- M. Sorel, P. J. R. Laybourn, G. Giuliani, and S. Donati, “Unidirectional bistability in semiconductor waveguide ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3051–3053 (2002). [CrossRef]
- L. Gelens, S. Beri, G. Van der Sande, J. Danckaert, N. Calabretta, H. J. S. Dorren, R. Nötzel, E. A. J. M. Bente, and M. K. Smit, “Optical injection in semiconductor ring lasers: backfire dynamics,” Opt. Express 16, 10968–10974 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. T. Hill, H. J. S. Dorren, T. Vries, X. J. M. Leijtens, J. H. Besten, B. Smalbrugge, Y.-S. Oel, H. Binsma, G.-D. Khoe, and M. K. Smit, “A fast low-power optical memory based on coupled micro-ring lasers,” Nature 432, 206–209 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Mezösi, M. J. Strain, S. Fürst, Z. Wang, S. Yu, and M. Sorel, “Unidirectional Bistability in AlGaInAs Microring and Microdisk Semiconductor Lasers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21, 88–90 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. Coomans, S. Beri, G. Van der Sande, L. Gelens, and J. Danckaert, “Optical injection in semiconductor ring lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 81, 033802 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. Gelens, G. Van der Sande, S. Beri, and J. Danckaert, “Phase-space approach to directional switching in semiconductor ring lasers,” Phys. Rev. E 79, 016213 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Gelens, S. Beri, G. Van der Sande, J. Danckaert, N. Calabretta, H. J. S. Dorren, R. Nötzel, E. A. J. M. Bente, and M. K. Smit, “Optical injection in semiconductor ring lasers: backfire dynamics,” Opt. Express 16, 10968–10974 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Beri, L. Gelens, M. Mestre, G. Van der Sande, G. Verschaffelt, A. Scirè, G. Mezosi, M. Sorel, and J. Danckaert, “Topological Insight into the Non-Arrhenius Mode Hopping of Semiconductor Ring Lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 093903 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Liu, R. Kumar, K. Huybrechts, T. Spuesens, G. Roelkens, E. Geluk, T. Vries, P. Regreny, D. V. Thourhout, R. Baets, and G. Morthier, “An ultra-small, low-power, all-optical flip-flop memory on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics 4, 182–187 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Sorel, G. Giuliani, A. Scirè, R. Miglierina, S. Donati, and P. J. R. Laybourn, “Operating regimes of GaAs-AlGaAs semiconductor ring lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39, 1187–1195 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Sorel, P. J. R. Laybourn, G. Giuliani, and S. Donati, “Unidirectional bistability in semiconductor waveguide ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3051–3053 (2002). [CrossRef]
- M. Sorel, P. J. R. Laybourn, A. Scirè, S. Balle, G. Giuliani, R. Miglierina, and S. Donati, “Alternate oscillation in semiconductor ring lasers,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1992–1994 (2002). [CrossRef]
- A. Trita, M. J. Latorre Vidal, M. Zanola, G. Mezosi, J. Javaloyes, M. Sorel, F. Bragheri, I. Cristiani, A. Scirè, S. Balle, and G. Giuliani, “All-Optical Set-Reset Flip-Flop based on Semiconductor Ring Laser: Ultrafast Response and Error-Free Bit-Error-Rate Operation,” in International Conference on Photonics in Switching (IEEE, 2009), pp. 1–2. [CrossRef]
- K. Hirano, T. Yamazaki, S. Morikatsu, H. Okumura, H. Aida, A. Uchida, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, T. Harayama, and P. Davis, “Fast random bit generation with bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers,” Opt. Express 18, 5512–5524 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Choi, T. Tanaka, S. Sunada, and T. Harayama, “Linewidth properties of active-passive coupled monolithic InGaAs semiconductor ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 231110 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Hill, H. J. S. Dorren, T. Vries, X. J. M. Leijtens, J. H. Besten, B. Smalbrugge, Y.-S. Oel, H. Binsma, G.-D. Khoe, and M. K. Smit, “A fast low-power optical memory based on coupled micro-ring lasers,” Nature 432, 206–209 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Hirano, T. Yamazaki, S. Morikatsu, H. Okumura, H. Aida, A. Uchida, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, T. Harayama, and P. Davis, “Fast random bit generation with bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers,” Opt. Express 18, 5512–5524 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Uchida, K. Amano, M. Inoue, K. Hirano, S. Naito, H. Someya, I. Oowada, T. Karashige, M. Shiki, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, and P. Davis, “Fast physical bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers,” Nat. Photonics 2, 728–732 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. N. Chizhevsky, D. B. Horoshko, D. I. Pustakhod, and S. Ya. Kilin, “Bistable vertical cavity laser as a truly random number generator,” in CLEO/Europe and IQEC 2007 Conference Digest (Optical Society of America, 2007), paper CB-29.
- L. Liu, R. Kumar, K. Huybrechts, T. Spuesens, G. Roelkens, E. Geluk, T. Vries, P. Regreny, D. V. Thourhout, R. Baets, and G. Morthier, “An ultra-small, low-power, all-optical flip-flop memory on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photonics 4, 182–187 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Uchida, K. Amano, M. Inoue, K. Hirano, S. Naito, H. Someya, I. Oowada, T. Karashige, M. Shiki, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, and P. Davis, “Fast physical bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers,” Nat. Photonics 2, 728–732 (2008). [CrossRef]
- A. Pérez-Serrano, J. Javaloyes, and S. Balle, “Bichromatic emission and multimode dynamics in bidirectional ring lasers,” Phys. Rev. A 81, 043817 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Trita, M. J. Latorre Vidal, M. Zanola, G. Mezosi, J. Javaloyes, M. Sorel, F. Bragheri, I. Cristiani, A. Scirè, S. Balle, and G. Giuliani, “All-Optical Set-Reset Flip-Flop based on Semiconductor Ring Laser: Ultrafast Response and Error-Free Bit-Error-Rate Operation,” in International Conference on Photonics in Switching (IEEE, 2009), pp. 1–2. [CrossRef]
- I. Kanter, Y. Aviad, I. Reidler, E. Cohen, and M. Rosenbluh, “An optical ultrafast random bit generator,” Nat. Photonics 4, 58–61 (2010). [CrossRef]
- I. Reidler, Y. Aviad, M. Rosenbluh, and I. Kanter, “Ultrahigh-speed random number generation based on a chaotic semiconductor laser,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 024102 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Appl. Phys. Lett.
- M. Sorel, P. J. R. Laybourn, G. Giuliani, and S. Donati, “Unidirectional bistability in semiconductor waveguide ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3051–3053 (2002). [CrossRef]
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IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
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IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
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J. Opt. Commun.
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Nat. Photonics
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