Hot electrons and curves of constant gain
in long wavelength quantum well lasers

doi:10.1364/OE.2.000125

Optics Express

Editor: J. H. Eberly
Vol. 2, Iss. 4 — Feb. 16, 1998
pp: 125–130

Hot electrons and curves of constant gain in long wavelength quantum well lasers

Vera Gorfinkel, Mikhail Kisin, and Serge Luryi »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 125-130 (1998)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.2.000125

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Abstract
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Abstract

In long wavelength quantum well lasers the effective electron temperature (T_e ) is often a strong function of the pump current and hence the T_e correlates with the carrier concentration n in the active region. On the other hand, the material gain g in the active layer depends on both variables, g=g(n,T_e). We discuss a convenient way of analyzing this situation, based on considering the contours of constant gain g on the surface g(n,T_e). This is qualitatively illustrated with two model examples involving quantum well lasers, the long-wavelength quantum well laser with current dominated by the Auger recombination and the unipolar quantum cascade laser.

[Optical Society of America ]

OCIS Codes
(140.5960) Lasers and laser optics : Semiconductor lasers
(230.5590) Optical devices : Quantum-well, -wire and -dot devices

ToC Category:
Focus Issue: Quantum well laser design

History
Original Manuscript: November 4, 1997
Published: February 16, 1998

Citation
Vera Gorfinkel, Mikhail Kisin, and Serge Luryi, "Hot electrons and curves of constant gain in long wavelength quantum well lasers," Opt. Express 2, 125-130 (1998)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-2-4-125

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References

S. Luryi, "Hot electrons in semiconductor devices", in Hot Electrons in Semiconductors, N. Balkan, ed. (Oxford University Press, 1998) pp. 385-427; http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/152.dir/152.html
V. B. Gorfinkel and S. Luryi, "Fundamental limits for linearity of CATV lasers", J. Lightwave Technol. 13, 252-260 (1995); http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/133.html [CrossRef]
M. Silver, E. P. OReilly, and A. R. Adams, Determination of the wavelength dependence of Auger recombination in long-wavelength quantum-well semiconductor lasers using hydrostatic pressure, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33, 1557-1566 (1997). [CrossRef]
Z. Shi, M. Tacke, A. Lambrecht, and H. Bttner, Midinfrared lead salt multi-quantum-well diode lasers with 282 K operation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2537-2539 (1995). [CrossRef]
H. K. Choi, G. W. Turner, and H. Q. Le, InAsSb/InAlAs strained quantum-well lasers emitting at 4.5 Pm, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 3543-3545 (1995). [CrossRef]
J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, Type-II and Type-I interband cascade lasers, Electron Lett. 32, 45-46 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Faist, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, S.-N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, High power mid-infrared (OaPm) quantum cascade lasers operating above room temperature, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 3680-3682 (1996). [CrossRef]
Vera Gorfinkel, Serge Luryi, and Boris Gelmont, "Theory of gain spectra for quantum cascade lasers and temperature dependence of their characteristics at low and moderate carrier concentrations", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 1995-2003 (1996); http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/145.html [CrossRef]
M. V. Kisin, V. B. Gorfinkel, M. A. Stroscio, G. Belenky, and S. Luryi, Influence of complex phonon spectra on intersubband optical gain, J. Appl. Phys. 82, 2031-2038 (1997); http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/148.pdf [CrossRef]

Other

S. Luryi, "Hot electrons in semiconductor devices", in Hot Electrons in Semiconductors, N. Balkan, ed. (Oxford University Press, 1998) pp. 385-427; http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/152.dir/152.html
V. B. Gorfinkel and S. Luryi, "Fundamental limits for linearity of CATV lasers", J. Lightwave Technol. 13, 252-260 (1995); http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/133.html [CrossRef]
M. Silver, E. P. OReilly, and A. R. Adams, Determination of the wavelength dependence of Auger recombination in long-wavelength quantum-well semiconductor lasers using hydrostatic pressure, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33, 1557-1566 (1997). [CrossRef]
Z. Shi, M. Tacke, A. Lambrecht, and H. Bttner, Midinfrared lead salt multi-quantum-well diode lasers with 282 K operation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2537-2539 (1995). [CrossRef]
H. K. Choi, G. W. Turner, and H. Q. Le, InAsSb/InAlAs strained quantum-well lasers emitting at 4.5 Pm, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 3543-3545 (1995). [CrossRef]
J. R. Meyer, I. Vurgaftman, R. Q. Yang, and L. R. Ram-Mohan, Type-II and Type-I interband cascade lasers, Electron Lett. 32, 45-46 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Faist, F. Capasso, C. Sirtori, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, S.-N. G. Chu, and A. Y. Cho, High power mid-infrared (OaPm) quantum cascade lasers operating above room temperature, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 3680-3682 (1996). [CrossRef]
Vera Gorfinkel, Serge Luryi, and Boris Gelmont, "Theory of gain spectra for quantum cascade lasers and temperature dependence of their characteristics at low and moderate carrier concentrations", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32, 1995-2003 (1996); http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/145.html [CrossRef]
M. V. Kisin, V. B. Gorfinkel, M. A. Stroscio, G. Belenky, and S. Luryi, Influence of complex phonon spectra on intersubband optical gain, J. Appl. Phys. 82, 2031-2038 (1997); http://www.ee.sunysb.edu/~serge/148.pdf [CrossRef]

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