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Quantitative sectioning and noise analysis for structured illumination microscopyNathan Hagen, Liang Gao, and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk »View Author Affiliations
Nathan Hagen,1,2
Liang Gao,1
and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk1,*
1Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA 2Email: nhagen@optics.arizona.edu *Corresponding author: ttkaczyk@rice.edu |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 403-413 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.000403
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Abstract
Structured illumination (SI) has long been regarded as a nonquantitative technique for obtaining sectioned microscopic images. Its lack of quantitative results has restricted the use of SI sectioning to qualitative imaging experiments, and has also limited researchers’ ability to compare SI against competing sectioning methods such as confocal microscopy. We show how to modify the standard SI sectioning algorithm to make the technique quantitative, and provide formulas for calculating the noise in the sectioned images. The results indicate that, for an illumination source providing the same spatially-integrated photon flux at the object plane, and for the same effective slice thicknesses, SI sectioning can provide higher SNR images than confocal microscopy for an equivalent setup when the modulation contrast exceeds about 0.09.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(100.3010) Image processing : Image reconstruction techniques
(100.6640) Image processing : Superresolution
(110.4280) Imaging systems : Noise in imaging systems
(180.0180) Microscopy : Microscopy
(180.6900) Microscopy : Three-dimensional microscopy
ToC Category:
Microscopy
History
Original Manuscript: September 20, 2011
Revised Manuscript: December 9, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: December 13, 2011
Published: December 21, 2011
Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 3 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Citation
Nathan Hagen, Liang Gao, and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk, "Quantitative sectioning and noise analysis for structured illumination microscopy," Opt. Express 20, 403-413 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-1-403
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References
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- A. Esposito, S. Schlachter, G. S. Schierle, A. D. Elder, A. Diaspro, F. S. Wouters, C. F. Kaminski, and A. I. Iliev, “Quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques,” Methods Mol. Biol.586, 117–142 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Best, R. Amberger, D. Baddeley, T. Ach, S. Dithmar, R. Heintzmann, and C. Cremer, “Structured illumination microscopy of autofluorescent aggregations in human tissue,” Micron42, 330–335 (2011). [CrossRef]
- K. M. Kedziora, J. H. M. Prehn, J. Dobruck, and T. Bernas, “Method of calibration of a fluorescence microscope for quantitative studies,” J. Microsc.244, 101–111 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. A. Erickson, A. Mazhar, D. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and J. W. Tunnell, “Lookup-table method for imaging optical properties with structured illumination beyond the diffusion theory regime,” J. Biomed. Opt.15, 036013 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. D. Konecky, A. Mazhar, D. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, J. C. Schotland, and B. J. Tromberg, “Quantitative optical tomography of sub-surface heterogeneities using spatially modulated structured light,” Opt. Express17, 14780–14790 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Esposito, S. Schlachter, G. S. Schierle, A. D. Elder, A. Diaspro, F. S. Wouters, C. F. Kaminski, and A. I. Iliev, “Quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques,” Methods Mol. Biol.586, 117–142 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Poher, H. X. Zhang, G. T. Kennedy, C. Griffin, S. Oddos, E. Gu, D. S. Elson, M. Girkin, P. M. W. French, M. D. Dawson, and M. A. A. Neil, “Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode,” Opt. Express15 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. A. Erickson, A. Mazhar, D. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and J. W. Tunnell, “Lookup-table method for imaging optical properties with structured illumination beyond the diffusion theory regime,” J. Biomed. Opt.15, 036013 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Esposito, S. Schlachter, G. S. Schierle, A. D. Elder, A. Diaspro, F. S. Wouters, C. F. Kaminski, and A. I. Iliev, “Quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques,” Methods Mol. Biol.586, 117–142 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mortara and A. Fowler, “Evaluations of charge-coupled device (CCD) performance for astronomical use,” in Solid state imagers for astronomy, Proc. SPIE290, 28–33 (1981).
- V. Poher, H. X. Zhang, G. T. Kennedy, C. Griffin, S. Oddos, E. Gu, D. S. Elson, M. Girkin, P. M. W. French, M. D. Dawson, and M. A. A. Neil, “Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode,” Opt. Express15 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Poher, H. X. Zhang, G. T. Kennedy, C. Griffin, S. Oddos, E. Gu, D. S. Elson, M. Girkin, P. M. W. French, M. D. Dawson, and M. A. A. Neil, “Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode,” Opt. Express15 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Langhorst, J. Schaffer, and B. Goetze, “Structure brings clarity: structured illumination microscopy in cell biology,” Biotechnol. J.4, 858–865 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Poher, H. X. Zhang, G. T. Kennedy, C. Griffin, S. Oddos, E. Gu, D. S. Elson, M. Girkin, P. M. W. French, M. D. Dawson, and M. A. A. Neil, “Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode,” Opt. Express15 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kner, B. B. Chhun, E. R. Griffis, L. Winoto, and M. G. L. Gustafsson, “Super-resolution video microscopy of live cells by structured illumination,” Nat. Met.6, 339–344 (2009). [CrossRef]
- V. Poher, H. X. Zhang, G. T. Kennedy, C. Griffin, S. Oddos, E. Gu, D. S. Elson, M. Girkin, P. M. W. French, M. D. Dawson, and M. A. A. Neil, “Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode,” Opt. Express15 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. L. Barlow and C. J. Guerin, “Quantization of widefield fluorescence images using structured illumination and image analysis software,” Microsc. Res. Tech.70, 76–84 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Kner, B. B. Chhun, E. R. Griffis, L. Winoto, and M. G. L. Gustafsson, “Super-resolution video microscopy of live cells by structured illumination,” Nat. Met.6, 339–344 (2009). [CrossRef]
- L. Schermelleh, P. M. Carlton, S. Haase, L. Shao, L. Winoto, P. Kner, B. Burke, M. C. Cardoso, D. A. Agard, M. G. L. Gustafsson, H. Leonhardt, and J. W. Sedat, “Subdiffraction multicolor imaging of the nuclear periphery with 3D structured illumination microscopy,” Science320, 1332–1336 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. G. L. Gustafsson, “Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured illumination microscopy,” J. Microsc.198, 82–87 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Schermelleh, P. M. Carlton, S. Haase, L. Shao, L. Winoto, P. Kner, B. Burke, M. C. Cardoso, D. A. Agard, M. G. L. Gustafsson, H. Leonhardt, and J. W. Sedat, “Subdiffraction multicolor imaging of the nuclear periphery with 3D structured illumination microscopy,” Science320, 1332–1336 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Best, R. Amberger, D. Baddeley, T. Ach, S. Dithmar, R. Heintzmann, and C. Cremer, “Structured illumination microscopy of autofluorescent aggregations in human tissue,” Micron42, 330–335 (2011). [CrossRef]
- K. Wicker and R. Heintzmann, “Single-shot optical sectioning using polarization-coded structured illumination,” J. Opt.12, 084010 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Hirvonen, K. Wicker, O. Mandula, and R. Heintzmann, “Structured illumination microscopy of a living cell,” Eur. Biophys. J.38, 807–813 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Heintzmann and P. A. Benedetti, “High-resolution image reconstruction in fluorescence microscopy with patterned excitation,” Appl. Opt.45, 5037–5045 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Heintzmann and C. Cremer, “Laterally modulated excitation microscopy: improvement of resolution by using a diffraction grating,” in EUROPTO Conference on Optical Microscopy, Proc. SPIE3568, 185–196 (1999). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Hirvonen, K. Wicker, O. Mandula, and R. Heintzmann, “Structured illumination microscopy of a living cell,” Eur. Biophys. J.38, 807–813 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. G. Somekh, K. Hsu, and M. C. Pitter, “Stochastic transfer function for structured illumination microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A26, 1630–1637 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. G. Somekh, K. Hsu, and M. C. Pitter, “Resolution in structured illumination microscopy: a probabilistic approach,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A25, 1319–1329 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. C. Cogger, G. P. McNerney, T. Nyunt, L. D. DeLeve, P. McCourt, B. Smedsrød, D. G. L. Couteur, and T. R. Huser, “Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations,” J. Struct. Biol.171, 382–388 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Esposito, S. Schlachter, G. S. Schierle, A. D. Elder, A. Diaspro, F. S. Wouters, C. F. Kaminski, and A. I. Iliev, “Quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques,” Methods Mol. Biol.586, 117–142 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. A. Neil, T. Wilson, and R. Juškaitis, “A light efficient optical sectioning microscope,” J. Microsc.189, 114–117 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Real time 3D fluorescence microscopy by two beam interference illumination,” Opt. Commun.153, 1–4 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Method of obtaining optical sectioning by using structured light in a conventional microscope,” Opt. Lett.22, 1905–1907 (1997). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Esposito, S. Schlachter, G. S. Schierle, A. D. Elder, A. Diaspro, F. S. Wouters, C. F. Kaminski, and A. I. Iliev, “Quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques,” Methods Mol. Biol.586, 117–142 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Karadaglić and T. Wilson, “Image formation in structured illumination wide-field fluorescence microscopy,” Micron39, 808–818 (2008). [CrossRef]
- K. M. Kedziora, J. H. M. Prehn, J. Dobruck, and T. Bernas, “Method of calibration of a fluorescence microscope for quantitative studies,” J. Microsc.244, 101–111 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Keller, A. D. Schmidt, A. Santella, K. Khairy, Z. Bao, J. Wittbrodt, and E. H. K. Stelzer, “Fast, high-contrast imaging of animal development with scanned light sheet-based structured-illumination microscopy,” Nat. Meth.7, 637–645 (2010). [CrossRef]
- V. Poher, H. X. Zhang, G. T. Kennedy, C. Griffin, S. Oddos, E. Gu, D. S. Elson, M. Girkin, P. M. W. French, M. D. Dawson, and M. A. A. Neil, “Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode,” Opt. Express15 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Keller, A. D. Schmidt, A. Santella, K. Khairy, Z. Bao, J. Wittbrodt, and E. H. K. Stelzer, “Fast, high-contrast imaging of animal development with scanned light sheet-based structured-illumination microscopy,” Nat. Meth.7, 637–645 (2010). [CrossRef]
- P. Kner, B. B. Chhun, E. R. Griffis, L. Winoto, and M. G. L. Gustafsson, “Super-resolution video microscopy of live cells by structured illumination,” Nat. Met.6, 339–344 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- M. F. Langhorst, J. Schaffer, and B. Goetze, “Structure brings clarity: structured illumination microscopy in cell biology,” Biotechnol. J.4, 858–865 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Schermelleh, P. M. Carlton, S. Haase, L. Shao, L. Winoto, P. Kner, B. Burke, M. C. Cardoso, D. A. Agard, M. G. L. Gustafsson, H. Leonhardt, and J. W. Sedat, “Subdiffraction multicolor imaging of the nuclear periphery with 3D structured illumination microscopy,” Science320, 1332–1336 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T. A. Erickson, A. Mazhar, D. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and J. W. Tunnell, “Lookup-table method for imaging optical properties with structured illumination beyond the diffusion theory regime,” J. Biomed. Opt.15, 036013 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. D. Konecky, A. Mazhar, D. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, J. C. Schotland, and B. J. Tromberg, “Quantitative optical tomography of sub-surface heterogeneities using spatially modulated structured light,” Opt. Express17, 14780–14790 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Real time 3D fluorescence microscopy by two beam interference illumination,” Opt. Commun.153, 1–4 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Method of obtaining optical sectioning by using structured light in a conventional microscope,” Opt. Lett.22, 1905–1907 (1997). [CrossRef]
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- M. G. Somekh, K. Hsu, and M. C. Pitter, “Stochastic transfer function for structured illumination microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A26, 1630–1637 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. G. Somekh, K. Hsu, and M. C. Pitter, “Resolution in structured illumination microscopy: a probabilistic approach,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A25, 1319–1329 (2008). [CrossRef]
- V. Poher, H. X. Zhang, G. T. Kennedy, C. Griffin, S. Oddos, E. Gu, D. S. Elson, M. Girkin, P. M. W. French, M. D. Dawson, and M. A. A. Neil, “Optical sectioning microscopes with no moving parts using a micro-stripe array light emitting diode,” Opt. Express15 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. J. Keller, A. D. Schmidt, A. Santella, K. Khairy, Z. Bao, J. Wittbrodt, and E. H. K. Stelzer, “Fast, high-contrast imaging of animal development with scanned light sheet-based structured-illumination microscopy,” Nat. Meth.7, 637–645 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. H. Schaefer, D. Schuster, and J. Schaffer, “Structured illumination microscopy: artefact analysis and reduction utilizing a parameter optimization approach,” J. Microsc.216, 165–174 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Langhorst, J. Schaffer, and B. Goetze, “Structure brings clarity: structured illumination microscopy in cell biology,” Biotechnol. J.4, 858–865 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. H. Schaefer, D. Schuster, and J. Schaffer, “Structured illumination microscopy: artefact analysis and reduction utilizing a parameter optimization approach,” J. Microsc.216, 165–174 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Schermelleh, P. M. Carlton, S. Haase, L. Shao, L. Winoto, P. Kner, B. Burke, M. C. Cardoso, D. A. Agard, M. G. L. Gustafsson, H. Leonhardt, and J. W. Sedat, “Subdiffraction multicolor imaging of the nuclear periphery with 3D structured illumination microscopy,” Science320, 1332–1336 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Esposito, S. Schlachter, G. S. Schierle, A. D. Elder, A. Diaspro, F. S. Wouters, C. F. Kaminski, and A. I. Iliev, “Quantitative fluorescence microscopy techniques,” Methods Mol. Biol.586, 117–142 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. J. Keller, A. D. Schmidt, A. Santella, K. Khairy, Z. Bao, J. Wittbrodt, and E. H. K. Stelzer, “Fast, high-contrast imaging of animal development with scanned light sheet-based structured-illumination microscopy,” Nat. Meth.7, 637–645 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. H. Schaefer, D. Schuster, and J. Schaffer, “Structured illumination microscopy: artefact analysis and reduction utilizing a parameter optimization approach,” J. Microsc.216, 165–174 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Schermelleh, P. M. Carlton, S. Haase, L. Shao, L. Winoto, P. Kner, B. Burke, M. C. Cardoso, D. A. Agard, M. G. L. Gustafsson, H. Leonhardt, and J. W. Sedat, “Subdiffraction multicolor imaging of the nuclear periphery with 3D structured illumination microscopy,” Science320, 1332–1336 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Schermelleh, P. M. Carlton, S. Haase, L. Shao, L. Winoto, P. Kner, B. Burke, M. C. Cardoso, D. A. Agard, M. G. L. Gustafsson, H. Leonhardt, and J. W. Sedat, “Subdiffraction multicolor imaging of the nuclear periphery with 3D structured illumination microscopy,” Science320, 1332–1336 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. C. Cogger, G. P. McNerney, T. Nyunt, L. D. DeLeve, P. McCourt, B. Smedsrød, D. G. L. Couteur, and T. R. Huser, “Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations,” J. Struct. Biol.171, 382–388 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. G. Somekh, K. Hsu, and M. C. Pitter, “Stochastic transfer function for structured illumination microscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A26, 1630–1637 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. G. Somekh, K. Hsu, and M. C. Pitter, “Resolution in structured illumination microscopy: a probabilistic approach,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A25, 1319–1329 (2008). [CrossRef]
- P. J. Keller, A. D. Schmidt, A. Santella, K. Khairy, Z. Bao, J. Wittbrodt, and E. H. K. Stelzer, “Fast, high-contrast imaging of animal development with scanned light sheet-based structured-illumination microscopy,” Nat. Meth.7, 637–645 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. C. Waters, “Accuracy and precision in quantitative fluorescence microscopy,” J. Cell Biol.1858, 1135–1148 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Murray, P. L. Appleton, J. R. Swedlow, and J. C. Waters, “Evaluating performance in three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy,” J. Microsc.228, 390–405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Wicker and R. Heintzmann, “Single-shot optical sectioning using polarization-coded structured illumination,” J. Opt.12, 084010 (2010). [CrossRef]
- L. M. Hirvonen, K. Wicker, O. Mandula, and R. Heintzmann, “Structured illumination microscopy of a living cell,” Eur. Biophys. J.38, 807–813 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Wilson, “Optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy,” J. Microsc.242, 111–116 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Karadaglić and T. Wilson, “Image formation in structured illumination wide-field fluorescence microscopy,” Micron39, 808–818 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Cole, J. Siegel, S. E. D. Webb, R. Jones, K. Dowling, M. J. Dayel, D. Parsons-Karavassis, P. M. W. French, M. J. Lever, L. O. D. Sucharov, M. A. A. Neil, R. Juvskaitis, and T. Wilson, “Time-domain whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical sectioning,” J. Microsc.203, 246–257 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Real time 3D fluorescence microscopy by two beam interference illumination,” Opt. Commun.153, 1–4 (1998). [CrossRef]
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Appl. Opt.
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Biomed. Opt. Express
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Biotechnol. J.
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Eur. Biophys. J.
- L. M. Hirvonen, K. Wicker, O. Mandula, and R. Heintzmann, “Structured illumination microscopy of a living cell,” Eur. Biophys. J.38, 807–813 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- T. A. Erickson, A. Mazhar, D. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and J. W. Tunnell, “Lookup-table method for imaging optical properties with structured illumination beyond the diffusion theory regime,” J. Biomed. Opt.15, 036013 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Cell Biol.
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J. Microsc.
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- J. M. Murray, P. L. Appleton, J. R. Swedlow, and J. C. Waters, “Evaluating performance in three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy,” J. Microsc.228, 390–405 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. A. A. Neil, T. Wilson, and R. Juškaitis, “A light efficient optical sectioning microscope,” J. Microsc.189, 114–117 (1998). [CrossRef]
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J. Opt.
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J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
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J. Struct. Biol.
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Methods Mol. Biol.
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Micron
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- G. Best, R. Amberger, D. Baddeley, T. Ach, S. Dithmar, R. Heintzmann, and C. Cremer, “Structured illumination microscopy of autofluorescent aggregations in human tissue,” Micron42, 330–335 (2011). [CrossRef]
Microsc. Res. Tech.
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Nat. Met.
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Nat. Meth.
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Opt. Commun.
- M. A. A. Neil, R. Juškaitis, and T. Wilson, “Real time 3D fluorescence microscopy by two beam interference illumination,” Opt. Commun.153, 1–4 (1998). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
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Opt. Lett.
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Proc. SPIE
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Science
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2011, Best, Micron
- G. Best, R. Amberger, D. Baddeley, T. Ach, S. Dithmar, R. Heintzmann, and C. Cremer, “Structured illumination microscopy of autofluorescent aggregations in human tissue,” Micron42, 330–335 (2011). [CrossRef]
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- T. A. Erickson, A. Mazhar, D. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and J. W. Tunnell, “Lookup-table method for imaging optical properties with structured illumination beyond the diffusion theory regime,” J. Biomed. Opt.15, 036013 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Wicker and R. Heintzmann, “Single-shot optical sectioning using polarization-coded structured illumination,” J. Opt.12, 084010 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Wilson, “Optical sectioning in fluorescence microscopy,” J. Microsc.242, 111–116 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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