Gold nanostars are theoretically studied as efficient thermal heaters at their corresponding localized surface-plasmon resonances (LSPRs). Numerical calculations are performed through the 3D Green’s Theorem method to obtain the absorption and scattering cross sections for Au nanoparticles with star-like shape of varying symmetry and tip number. Their unique thermoplasmonic properties, with regard to their (red-shifted) LSPR wavelentgh, (∼ 30-fold increase) steady-state temperature, and scattering/absorption cross section ratios, make them specially suitable for optical heating and in turn for cancer thermal therapy.

© 2011 OSA

1. N. J. Halas, S. Lal, C. Wei-Shun, S. Link, and P. Nordlander, “Plasmons in strongly coupled metallic nanostructures,” Chem. Rev.111, 3913–3961 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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3. M. A. Barral and A. M. Llois, “Photothermal imaging of nanometer-sized metal particles among scatterers,” Science297, 1160–1163 (2002). [CrossRef]
4. C. Loo, A. Lowery, N. J. Halas, J. L. West, and R. Drezek, “Immunotargeted nanoshells for integrated cancer imaging and therapy,” Nano Lett.5, 709–711 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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7. A. O. Govorov and H. H. Richardson, “Generating heat with metal nanoparticles we describe recent studies on photothermal effects using colloidal,” Nano Today2, 30–38 (2007). [CrossRef]
8. F. X. Gu, R. Karnik, A. Z. Wang, F. Alexis, E. Levy-Nissenbaum, S. Hong, R. S. Langer, and O. C. Farokhzad, “Targeted nanoparticles Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in using fabrication of targeted NPs using microfluidic devices,” Nano Today2, 14–21 (2007). [CrossRef]
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13. P. Senthil Kumar, I. Pastoriza-Santos, B. Rodríguez-González, F. J. García de Abajo, and L. M. Liz-Marzán, “High-yield synthesis and optical response of gold nanostars,” Nanotechnology19, 015606 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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15. S. Mazzuco, O. Stéphan, C. Colliex, I. Pastoriza-Santos, L. M. Liz-Marzán, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Spatially resolved measurements of plasmonic eigenstates in conplex-shaped, asymmetric nanoparticles: gols nanostars,” Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.54, 33512 (2011). [CrossRef]
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19. R. Rodríguez-Oliveros and J. A. Sanchez-Gil, “Localized surface-plasmon resonances on single and coupled nanoparticles through surface integral equations for flexible surface,” Opt. Express19, 12208–12219 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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ACS Nano

• G. Baffou, R. Quidant, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Nanoscale control of optical heating in complex plasmonic systems,” ACS Nano4, 709–716 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. Xie, Q. Zhang, J. Y. Lee, and D. I. C. Wang, “The synthesis of SERS-Active gold nanoflower tags for in vivo applications,” ACS Nano2, 2473–2480 (2008). [CrossRef]

Am. J. Bot.

• J. Gielis, “A generic geometric transformation that unifies a wide range of natural and abstract shapes.” Am. J. Bot.90, 333–338 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• G. Baffou, R. Quidant, and C. Girard, “Heat generation in plasmonic nanostructures: Influence of morphology,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94, 153109 (2009). [CrossRef]

Chem. Rev.

• N. J. Halas, S. Lal, C. Wei-Shun, S. Link, and P. Nordlander, “Plasmons in strongly coupled metallic nanostructures,” Chem. Rev.111, 3913–3961 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

• S. Mazzuco, O. Stéphan, C. Colliex, I. Pastoriza-Santos, L. M. Liz-Marzán, and F. J. García de Abajo, “Spatially resolved measurements of plasmonic eigenstates in conplex-shaped, asymmetric nanoparticles: gols nanostars,” Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.54, 33512 (2011). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. Chem. C

• J. M. Cabrera-Trujillo, J. M. Montejano-Carrizales, J. L. Rodríguez-López, W. Zhang, J. J. Velázquez-Salazar, and M. José-Yacaman, “Controlling and growth of stellated gold clusters: experimental synthesis and theoretical study,” J. Phys. Chem. C114, 21051–21060 (2010). [CrossRef]
• T. Vo-dinh, A. Dhawan, S. J. Norton, C. G. Khoury, H. Neng Wang, V. Misra, and M. D. Gerhold, “Plasmonic nanoparticles and nanowires: design, fabrication and application in sensing,” J. Phys. Chem. C pp. 7480–7488 (2010). [CrossRef]

J. Raman Spectrosc.

• E. Nalbant Esenturk and A. R. Hight Walker, “Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy via gold nanostars,” J. Raman Spectrosc.40, 86–91 (2009). [CrossRef]

Nano Lett.

• C. Hrelescu, T. K. Sau, A. L. Rogach, F. Jäckel, G. Laurent, L. Douillard, and F. Charra, “Selective excitation of individual plasmonics hotspots at the tips of single gold nanostars,” Nano Lett.11, 402–407 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. G. Skirtach, C. Dejugnat, D. Braun, A. S. Susha, A. L. Rogach, W. J. Parak, H. Möhwald, and G. B. Sukhorukov, “The role of metal nanoparticles in remote release of encapsulated material,” Nano Lett.5, 1371–1377 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• C. Loo, A. Lowery, N. J. Halas, J. L. West, and R. Drezek, “Immunotargeted nanoshells for integrated cancer imaging and therapy,” Nano Lett.5, 709–711 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• A. M. Gobin, M. H. Lee, N. J. Halas, W. D. James, R. A. Drezek, and J. L. West, “Near-infrared resonant nanoshells for combined optical imaging and photothermal cancer therapy,” Nano Lett.7, 1929–1934 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nano Today

• A. O. Govorov and H. H. Richardson, “Generating heat with metal nanoparticles we describe recent studies on photothermal effects using colloidal,” Nano Today2, 30–38 (2007). [CrossRef]
• F. X. Gu, R. Karnik, A. Z. Wang, F. Alexis, E. Levy-Nissenbaum, S. Hong, R. S. Langer, and O. C. Farokhzad, “Targeted nanoparticles Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in using fabrication of targeted NPs using microfluidic devices,” Nano Today2, 14–21 (2007). [CrossRef]
• P. K. Jain, I. H. El-Hayed, and M. A. El-sayed, “Au nanoparticles target cancer,” Nano Today7, 1929–1934 (2007).

Nanotechnology

• P. Senthil Kumar, I. Pastoriza-Santos, B. Rodríguez-González, F. J. García de Abajo, and L. M. Liz-Marzán, “High-yield synthesis and optical response of gold nanostars,” Nanotechnology19, 015606 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Nature Mater.

• W. Zhao and J. M. Karp, “Tumour targeting: Nanoantennas heat up,” Nature Mater.8, 453–454 (2009). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• G. Baffou, P. M. Kreuzer, F. Kulzer, and R. Quidant, “Temperature mapping near plasmonic nanostructures using fluorescence polarization anisotropy,” Opt. Express17, 3291–3298 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Honda, Y. Saito, N. I. Smith, K. Fujita, and S. Kawata, “Nanoscale heating of laser irradiated sigle gold nanoparticles in liquid,” Opt. Express19, 12375–12383 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• R. Rodríguez-Oliveros and J. A. Sanchez-Gil, “Localized surface-plasmon resonances on single and coupled nanoparticles through surface integral equations for flexible surface,” Opt. Express19, 12208–12219 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. B

• P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B6, 4370–4379 (1972). [CrossRef]
• G. Baffou, R. Quidant, and C. Girard, “Thermoplasmonics modeling: A Greens function approach,” Phys. Rev. B82, 1–11 (2010). [CrossRef]

Plasmonics

• V. Giannini, R. Rodríguez-Oliveros, and J. A. Sánchez-Gil, “Surface plasmon resonances of metallic nanostars/nanoflowers for surface-enhanced Raman scattering,” Plasmonics5, 99–104 (2010). [CrossRef]

Science

• M. A. Barral and A. M. Llois, “Photothermal imaging of nanometer-sized metal particles among scatterers,” Science297, 1160–1163 (2002). [CrossRef]

Small

• B. Van de Broek, D. Grandjean, J. Trekker, J. Ye, K. Verstreken, G. Maes, G. Borghs, S. Nikitenko, L. Lagae, C. Bartic, K. Temst, and M. J. Van Bael, “Temperature determination of resonantly excited plasmonic branched gold nanoparticles by X-ray absorption spectroscopy,” Small7, 2498–2506 (2011).

Superlattices Microst.

• A. Tassadit, D. Macías, J. A. Sanchez-Gil, and R. Rodríguez-Oliveros, “Metal nanostars: Stochastic optimization of resonant scattering properties,” Superlattices Microst.49, 288–293 (2011). [CrossRef]

Technol. Cancer Res. Treat.

• C. Loo, A. Lin, L. Hirsch, M. H. Lee, J. Barton, N. J. Halas, and J. L. West, “Nanoshell-enabled photonics-based imaging and therapy of cancer,” Technol. Cancer Res. Treat.3, 33–40 (2004). [PubMed]

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