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Optical properties and sub-bandgap formation of nano-crystalline Si quantum dots embedded ZnO thin filmKuang-Yang Kuo, Shu-Wei Hsu, Pin-Ruei Huang, Wen-Ling Chuang, Chuan-Cheng Liu, and Po-Tsung Lee »View Author Affiliations
Kuang-Yang Kuo,1
Shu-Wei Hsu,1
Pin-Ruei Huang,2
Wen-Ling Chuang,1
Chuan-Cheng Liu,1
and Po-Tsung Lee1,2,*
1Department of Photonics & Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan 2Department of Photonics & Display Institute, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan *Corresponding author: potsung@mail.NCTU.edu.tw |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 10, pp. 10470-10475 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.010470
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Abstract
In this study, we fabricate ZnO thin films with nano-crystalline Si (nc-Si) quantum dots (QDs) using a ZnO/Si multilayer deposition structure and a post-annealing process, and the formation of high crystallinity of Si QDs embedded in the crystalline ZnO matrix is demonstrated. For optical properties, the essential features of ZnO material, high transmission in long-wavelength and high absorption in short-wavelength ranges, are preserved. We observe significantly enhanced light absorption and an unusual photoluminescence emission peak contributed from the nc-Si QDs in the middle-wavelength range. In addition, we confirm the formation of optical sub-bandgap and the obtained value is quite close to the unusual PL emission peak. We show that meaningful sub-bandgap can form in ZnO thin film by embedding nc-Si QDs while maintaining the advantageous properties of ZnO matrix. This newly developed composite material, nc-Si QD embedded ZnO thin films, can be useful for various electro-optical applications.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.0160) Materials : Materials
(160.3918) Materials : Metamaterials
ToC Category:
Optical Devices
History
Original Manuscript: January 13, 2012
Revised Manuscript: February 8, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: February 8, 2012
Published: April 20, 2012
Virtual Issues
Quantum Dots for Photonic Applications (2012) Optical Materials Express
Citation
Kuang-Yang Kuo, Shu-Wei Hsu, Pin-Ruei Huang, Wen-Ling Chuang, Chuan-Cheng Liu, and Po-Tsung Lee, "Optical properties and sub-bandgap formation of nano-crystalline Si quantum dots embedded ZnO thin film," Opt. Express 20, 10470-10475 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-10-10470
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References
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Beatty, T. J.
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Byun, C.
Cai, P. F.
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Chen, N. F.
Cheng, B. W.
Cheng, C. H.
Cheng, Q.
Cho, E. C.
Cho, E.-C.
Cho, S.-J.
Cho, Y. H.
Cho, Y.-H.
Choi, W.
Chu, J.
Compagnini, G.
Conibeer, G.
Crupi, I.
Dai, B. T.
Dao, L. V.
Di Marco, S.
Di Stefano, M. A.
Ding, L.
Dogan, S.
Fan, D.
Fan, Y. M.
Faraci, G.
Fonoberov, V. A.
Franzò, G.
Fujihara, S.
Ge, W. K.
Gibilisco, S.
Gondorf, A.
Green, M. A.
Hannaford, P.
Hao, X.
Hao, X. J.
Hng, H. H.
Hsieh, J. H.
Hsieh, W.-F.
Hsu, C. W.
Hsu, C.-C.
Huang, J. Y.
Huang, S.
Huang, Y.
Huet, S.
Hwang, C.-S.
Hwangboe, S.
Im, S.
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Jeon, M.
Jhan, H. Y.
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Lüttjohann, S.
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Oh, M. S.
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Ryu, M.
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Shan, C. X.
Shen, D. Z.
Shieh, J. M.
Shin, J.
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Sun, F.
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- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Leschkies, T. J. Beatty, M. S. Kang, D. J. Norris, and E. S. Aydil, “Solar cells based on junctions between colloidal PbSe nanocrystals and thin ZnO films,” ACS Nano3(11), 3638–3648 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- G. Viera, S. Huet, and L. Boufendi, “Crystal size and temperature measurements in nanostructured silicon using Raman spectroscopy,” J. Appl. Phys.90(8), 4175–4183 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- X. Wen, L. V. Dao, P. Hannaford, E.-C. Cho, Y. H. Cho, and M. A. Green, “Excitation dependence of photoluminescence in silicon quantum dots,” New J. Phys.9(9), 337 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- X. Wen, L. V. Dao, P. Hannaford, E.-C. Cho, Y. H. Cho, and M. A. Green, “Excitation dependence of photoluminescence in silicon quantum dots,” New J. Phys.9(9), 337 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
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- Z. Ma, X. Liao, G. Kong, and J. Chu, “Absorption spectra of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in SiO2 matrix,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(13), 1857–1859 (1999). [CrossRef]
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
- E. C. Cho, S. Park, X. Hao, D. Song, G. Conibeer, S. C. Park, and M. A. Green, “Silicon quantum dot/crystalline silicon solar cells,” Nanotechnology19(24), 245201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. Wen, L. V. Dao, P. Hannaford, E.-C. Cho, Y. H. Cho, and M. A. Green, “Excitation dependence of photoluminescence in silicon quantum dots,” New J. Phys.9(9), 337 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. X. Wang, J. G. Zhang, L. Ding, B. W. Cheng, W. K. Ge, J. Z. Yu, and Q. M. Wang, “Origin and evolution of photoluminescence from Si nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix,” Phys. Rev. B72(19), 195313 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. B. You, X. W. Zhang, Y. M. Fan, Z. G. Yin, P. F. Cai, and N. F. Chen, “Effect of deposition conditions on optical and electrical properties of ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition,” Appl. Surf. Sci.197–198, 363–367 (2002).
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. A. Alim, V. A. Fonoberov, and A. A. Balandin, “Origin of the optical phonon frequency shifts in ZnO quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86(5), 053103 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Fujihara, Y. Ogawa, and A. Kasai, “Tunable visible photoluminescence from ZnO thin films through Mg-doping and annealing,” Chem. Mater.16(15), 2965–2968 (2004). [CrossRef]
- X. X. Wang, J. G. Zhang, L. Ding, B. W. Cheng, W. K. Ge, J. Z. Yu, and Q. M. Wang, “Origin and evolution of photoluminescence from Si nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix,” Phys. Rev. B72(19), 195313 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
- C. Meier, A. Gondorf, S. Lüttjohann, A. Lorke, and H. Wiggers, “Silicon nanoparticles: Absorption, emission, and the nature of the electronic bandgap,” J. Appl. Phys.101(10), 103112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E. C. Cho, S. Park, X. Hao, D. Song, G. Conibeer, S. C. Park, and M. A. Green, “Silicon quantum dot/crystalline silicon solar cells,” Nanotechnology19(24), 245201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Wen, L. V. Dao, P. Hannaford, E.-C. Cho, Y. H. Cho, and M. A. Green, “Excitation dependence of photoluminescence in silicon quantum dots,” New J. Phys.9(9), 337 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Wen, L. V. Dao, P. Hannaford, E.-C. Cho, Y. H. Cho, and M. A. Green, “Excitation dependence of photoluminescence in silicon quantum dots,” New J. Phys.9(9), 337 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E. C. Cho, S. Park, X. Hao, D. Song, G. Conibeer, S. C. Park, and M. A. Green, “Silicon quantum dot/crystalline silicon solar cells,” Nanotechnology19(24), 245201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Y. G. Wang, S. P. Lau, H. W. Lee, S. F. Yu, B. K. Tay, X. H. Zhang, and H. H. Hng, “Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air,” J. Appl. Phys.94(1), 354–358 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y. C. Liu, S. K. Tung, and J. H. Hsieh, “Influence of annealing on optical properties and surface structure of ZnO thin films,” J. Cryst. Growth287(1), 105–111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. Viera, S. Huet, and L. Boufendi, “Crystal size and temperature measurements in nanostructured silicon using Raman spectroscopy,” J. Appl. Phys.90(8), 4175–4183 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D.-H. Kim, H. Jeon, G. Kim, S. Hwangboe, V. P. Verma, W. Choi, and M. Jeon, “Comparison of the optical properties of undoped and Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature,” Opt. Commun.281(8), 2120–2125 (2008). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D.-H. Kim, H. Jeon, G. Kim, S. Hwangboe, V. P. Verma, W. Choi, and M. Jeon, “Comparison of the optical properties of undoped and Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature,” Opt. Commun.281(8), 2120–2125 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D.-H. Kim, H. Jeon, G. Kim, S. Hwangboe, V. P. Verma, W. Choi, and M. Jeon, “Comparison of the optical properties of undoped and Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature,” Opt. Commun.281(8), 2120–2125 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Leschkies, T. J. Beatty, M. S. Kang, D. J. Norris, and E. S. Aydil, “Solar cells based on junctions between colloidal PbSe nanocrystals and thin ZnO films,” ACS Nano3(11), 3638–3648 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Fujihara, Y. Ogawa, and A. Kasai, “Tunable visible photoluminescence from ZnO thin films through Mg-doping and annealing,” Chem. Mater.16(15), 2965–2968 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D.-H. Kim, H. Jeon, G. Kim, S. Hwangboe, V. P. Verma, W. Choi, and M. Jeon, “Comparison of the optical properties of undoped and Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature,” Opt. Commun.281(8), 2120–2125 (2008). [CrossRef]
- D.-H. Kim, H. Jeon, G. Kim, S. Hwangboe, V. P. Verma, W. Choi, and M. Jeon, “Comparison of the optical properties of undoped and Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature,” Opt. Commun.281(8), 2120–2125 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Z. Ma, X. Liao, G. Kong, and J. Chu, “Absorption spectra of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in SiO2 matrix,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(13), 1857–1859 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
- B. H. Lai, C. H. Cheng, and G. R. Lin, “Multicolor ITO/SiOx/p-Si/Al light emitting diodes with improved emission efficiency by small Si quantum dots,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.47(5), 698–704 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L.-W. Lai and C.-T. Lee, “Investigation of optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin films,” Mater. Chem. Phys.110(2–3), 393–396 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. G. Wang, S. P. Lau, H. W. Lee, S. F. Yu, B. K. Tay, X. H. Zhang, and H. H. Hng, “Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air,” J. Appl. Phys.94(1), 354–358 (2003). [CrossRef]
- L.-W. Lai and C.-T. Lee, “Investigation of optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin films,” Mater. Chem. Phys.110(2–3), 393–396 (2008). [CrossRef]
- Y. G. Wang, S. P. Lau, H. W. Lee, S. F. Yu, B. K. Tay, X. H. Zhang, and H. H. Hng, “Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air,” J. Appl. Phys.94(1), 354–358 (2003). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Leschkies, T. J. Beatty, M. S. Kang, D. J. Norris, and E. S. Aydil, “Solar cells based on junctions between colloidal PbSe nanocrystals and thin ZnO films,” ACS Nano3(11), 3638–3648 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Ma, X. Liao, G. Kong, and J. Chu, “Absorption spectra of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in SiO2 matrix,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(13), 1857–1859 (1999). [CrossRef]
- B. H. Lai, C. H. Cheng, and G. R. Lin, “Multicolor ITO/SiOx/p-Si/Al light emitting diodes with improved emission efficiency by small Si quantum dots,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.47(5), 698–704 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Y. C. Liu, S. K. Tung, and J. H. Hsieh, “Influence of annealing on optical properties and surface structure of ZnO thin films,” J. Cryst. Growth287(1), 105–111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. Meier, A. Gondorf, S. Lüttjohann, A. Lorke, and H. Wiggers, “Silicon nanoparticles: Absorption, emission, and the nature of the electronic bandgap,” J. Appl. Phys.101(10), 103112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. Meier, A. Gondorf, S. Lüttjohann, A. Lorke, and H. Wiggers, “Silicon nanoparticles: Absorption, emission, and the nature of the electronic bandgap,” J. Appl. Phys.101(10), 103112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. Ma, X. Liao, G. Kong, and J. Chu, “Absorption spectra of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in SiO2 matrix,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(13), 1857–1859 (1999). [CrossRef]
- C. Meier, A. Gondorf, S. Lüttjohann, A. Lorke, and H. Wiggers, “Silicon nanoparticles: Absorption, emission, and the nature of the electronic bandgap,” J. Appl. Phys.101(10), 103112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Leschkies, T. J. Beatty, M. S. Kang, D. J. Norris, and E. S. Aydil, “Solar cells based on junctions between colloidal PbSe nanocrystals and thin ZnO films,” ACS Nano3(11), 3638–3648 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Fujihara, Y. Ogawa, and A. Kasai, “Tunable visible photoluminescence from ZnO thin films through Mg-doping and annealing,” Chem. Mater.16(15), 2965–2968 (2004). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Q. Cheng, E. Tam, S. Xu, and K. K. Ostrikov, “Si quantum dots embedded in an amorphous SiC matrix: nanophase control by non-equilibrium plasma hydrogenation,” Nanoscale2(4), 594–600 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- E. C. Cho, S. Park, X. Hao, D. Song, G. Conibeer, S. C. Park, and M. A. Green, “Silicon quantum dot/crystalline silicon solar cells,” Nanotechnology19(24), 245201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- E. C. Cho, S. Park, X. Hao, D. Song, G. Conibeer, S. C. Park, and M. A. Green, “Silicon quantum dot/crystalline silicon solar cells,” Nanotechnology19(24), 245201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- E. C. Cho, S. Park, X. Hao, D. Song, G. Conibeer, S. C. Park, and M. A. Green, “Silicon quantum dot/crystalline silicon solar cells,” Nanotechnology19(24), 245201 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. Cheng, E. Tam, S. Xu, and K. K. Ostrikov, “Si quantum dots embedded in an amorphous SiC matrix: nanophase control by non-equilibrium plasma hydrogenation,” Nanoscale2(4), 594–600 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. G. Wang, S. P. Lau, H. W. Lee, S. F. Yu, B. K. Tay, X. H. Zhang, and H. H. Hng, “Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air,” J. Appl. Phys.94(1), 354–358 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Ü. Özgür, Y. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshnikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.-J. Cho, and H. Morkoç, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices,” J. Appl. Phys.98(4), 041301 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. Mirabella, R. Agosta, G. Franzò, I. Crupi, M. Miritello, R. Lo Savio, M. A. Di Stefano, S. Di Marco, F. Simone, and A. Terrasi, “Light absorption in silicon quantum dots embedded in silica,” J. Appl. Phys.106(10), 103505 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. C. Liu, S. K. Tung, and J. H. Hsieh, “Influence of annealing on optical properties and surface structure of ZnO thin films,” J. Cryst. Growth287(1), 105–111 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D.-H. Kim, H. Jeon, G. Kim, S. Hwangboe, V. P. Verma, W. Choi, and M. Jeon, “Comparison of the optical properties of undoped and Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature,” Opt. Commun.281(8), 2120–2125 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. Viera, S. Huet, and L. Boufendi, “Crystal size and temperature measurements in nanostructured silicon using Raman spectroscopy,” J. Appl. Phys.90(8), 4175–4183 (2001). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. X. Wang, J. G. Zhang, L. Ding, B. W. Cheng, W. K. Ge, J. Z. Yu, and Q. M. Wang, “Origin and evolution of photoluminescence from Si nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix,” Phys. Rev. B72(19), 195313 (2005). [CrossRef]
- X. X. Wang, J. G. Zhang, L. Ding, B. W. Cheng, W. K. Ge, J. Z. Yu, and Q. M. Wang, “Origin and evolution of photoluminescence from Si nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix,” Phys. Rev. B72(19), 195313 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Y. G. Wang, S. P. Lau, H. W. Lee, S. F. Yu, B. K. Tay, X. H. Zhang, and H. H. Hng, “Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air,” J. Appl. Phys.94(1), 354–358 (2003). [CrossRef]
- X. Wen, L. V. Dao, P. Hannaford, E.-C. Cho, Y. H. Cho, and M. A. Green, “Excitation dependence of photoluminescence in silicon quantum dots,” New J. Phys.9(9), 337 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. Meier, A. Gondorf, S. Lüttjohann, A. Lorke, and H. Wiggers, “Silicon nanoparticles: Absorption, emission, and the nature of the electronic bandgap,” J. Appl. Phys.101(10), 103112 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Q. Cheng, E. Tam, S. Xu, and K. K. Ostrikov, “Si quantum dots embedded in an amorphous SiC matrix: nanophase control by non-equilibrium plasma hydrogenation,” Nanoscale2(4), 594–600 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. B. You, X. W. Zhang, Y. M. Fan, Z. G. Yin, P. F. Cai, and N. F. Chen, “Effect of deposition conditions on optical and electrical properties of ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition,” Appl. Surf. Sci.197–198, 363–367 (2002).
- J. B. You, X. W. Zhang, Y. M. Fan, Z. G. Yin, P. F. Cai, and N. F. Chen, “Effect of deposition conditions on optical and electrical properties of ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition,” Appl. Surf. Sci.197–198, 363–367 (2002).
- X. X. Wang, J. G. Zhang, L. Ding, B. W. Cheng, W. K. Ge, J. Z. Yu, and Q. M. Wang, “Origin and evolution of photoluminescence from Si nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix,” Phys. Rev. B72(19), 195313 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Y. G. Wang, S. P. Lau, H. W. Lee, S. F. Yu, B. K. Tay, X. H. Zhang, and H. H. Hng, “Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air,” J. Appl. Phys.94(1), 354–358 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. M. Shieh, W. C. Yu, J. Y. Huang, C. K. Wang, B. T. Dai, H. Y. Jhan, C. W. Hsu, H. C. Kuo, F. L. Yang, and C. L. Pan, “Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(24), 241108 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. X. Wang, J. G. Zhang, L. Ding, B. W. Cheng, W. K. Ge, J. Z. Yu, and Q. M. Wang, “Origin and evolution of photoluminescence from Si nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix,” Phys. Rev. B72(19), 195313 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Y. G. Wang, S. P. Lau, H. W. Lee, S. F. Yu, B. K. Tay, X. H. Zhang, and H. H. Hng, “Photoluminescence study of ZnO films prepared by thermal oxidation of Zn metallic films in air,” J. Appl. Phys.94(1), 354–358 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. B. You, X. W. Zhang, Y. M. Fan, Z. G. Yin, P. F. Cai, and N. F. Chen, “Effect of deposition conditions on optical and electrical properties of ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition,” Appl. Surf. Sci.197–198, 363–367 (2002).
ACS Nano
- K. S. Leschkies, T. J. Beatty, M. S. Kang, D. J. Norris, and E. S. Aydil, “Solar cells based on junctions between colloidal PbSe nanocrystals and thin ZnO films,” ACS Nano3(11), 3638–3648 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
- S.-H. K. Park, C.-S. Hwang, M. Ryu, S. Yang, C. Byun, J. Shin, J.-I. Lee, K. Lee, M. S. Oh, and S. Im, “Transparent and photo-stable ZnO thin-film transistors to drive an active matrix organic-light-emitting-diode display panel,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(6), 678–682 (2009). [CrossRef]
Adv. Optoelectron.
- E.-C. Cho, M. A. Green, G. Conibeer, D. Song, Y.-H. Cho, G. Scardera, S. Huang, S. Park, X. J. Hao, Y. Huang, and L. V. Dao, “Silicon quantum dots in a dielectric matrix for all-silicon tandem solar cells,” Adv. Optoelectron.2007, 69578 (2007). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
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- Z. Ma, X. Liao, G. Kong, and J. Chu, “Absorption spectra of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in SiO2 matrix,” Appl. Phys. Lett.75(13), 1857–1859 (1999). [CrossRef]
Appl. Surf. Sci.
- J. B. You, X. W. Zhang, Y. M. Fan, Z. G. Yin, P. F. Cai, and N. F. Chen, “Effect of deposition conditions on optical and electrical properties of ZnO films prepared by pulsed laser deposition,” Appl. Surf. Sci.197–198, 363–367 (2002).
Chem. Mater.
- S. Fujihara, Y. Ogawa, and A. Kasai, “Tunable visible photoluminescence from ZnO thin films through Mg-doping and annealing,” Chem. Mater.16(15), 2965–2968 (2004). [CrossRef]
Eur. Phys. J. B
- G. Faraci, S. Gibilisco, P. Russo, A. R. Pennisi, G. Compagnini, S. Battiato, R. Puglisi, and S. La Rosa, “Si/SiO2 core shell clusters probed by Raman spectroscopy,” Eur. Phys. J. B46(4), 457–461 (2005). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- B. H. Lai, C. H. Cheng, and G. R. Lin, “Multicolor ITO/SiOx/p-Si/Al light emitting diodes with improved emission efficiency by small Si quantum dots,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.47(5), 698–704 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. Appl. Phys.
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