EIT-based all-optical switching and cross-phase modulation under the influence of four-wave mixing

doi:10.1364/OE.20.011057

EIT-based all-optical switching and cross-phase modulation under the influence of four-wave mixing

Meng-Jung Lee, Yi-Hsin Chen, I-Chung Wang, and Ite A. Yu »View Author Affiliations

Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 10, pp. 11057-11063 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.011057

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Abstract

All-optical switching (AOS) or cross-phase modulation (XPM) based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) makes one photon switched or phase-modulated by another possible. The existence of four-wave mixing (FWM) process greatly diminishes the switching or phase-modulation efficiency and hinders the single-photon operation. We proposed and experimentally demonstrated an idea that with an optimum detuning the EIT-based AOS can be completely intact even under the influence of FWM. The results of the work can be directly applied to the EIT-based XPM. Our work makes the AOS and XPM schemes more flexible and the single-photon operation possible in FWM-allowed systems.

OCIS Codes
(190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
(270.1670) Quantum optics : Coherent optical effects

ToC Category:
Quantum Optics

History
Original Manuscript: March 14, 2012
Revised Manuscript: April 14, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: April 14, 2012
Published: April 27, 2012

Citation
Meng-Jung Lee, Yi-Hsin Chen, I-Chung Wang, and Ite A. Yu, "EIT-based all-optical switching and cross-phase modulation under the influence of four-wave mixing," Opt. Express 20, 11057-11063 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-10-11057

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References

S. E. Harris and Y. Yamamoto, “Photon switching by quantum interference,” Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 3611–3614 (1998). [CrossRef]
A. M. C. Dawes, L. Illing, S. M. Clark, and D. J. Gauthier, “All-optical switching in rubidium vapor,” Science308, 672–674 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Zhang, G. Hernandez, and Y. Zhu, “All-optical switching at ultralow light levels,” Opt. Lett.32, 1317–1319 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Bajcsy, S. Hofferberth, V. Balic, T. Peyronel, M. Hafezi, A. S. Zibrov, V. Vuletic, and M. D. Lukin, “Efficient all-optical switching using slow light within a hollow fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 203902 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. Venkataraman, K. Saha, P. Londero, and A. L. Gaeta, “Few-photon all-optical modulation in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107, 193902 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Albert, A. Dantan, and M. Drewsen, “Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency and all-optical switching using ion Coulomb crystals,” Nat. Photonics5, 633–636 (2011). [CrossRef]
H. Schmidt and A. Imamoğlu, “Giant Kerr nonlinearities obtained by electromagnetically induced transparency,” Opt. Lett.21, 1936–1938 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. B. Wang, K. P. Marzlin, and B. C. Sanders, “Large cross-phase modulation between slow copropagating weak pulses in 87Rb,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 063901 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
I. Fushman, D. Englund, A. Faraon, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vuc̆ković, “Controlled phase shifts with a single quantum dot,” Science320, 769–772 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. Matsuda, R. Shimizu, Y. Mitsumori, H. Kosaka, and K. Edamatsu, “Observation of optical-fibre Kerr nonlinearity at the single-photon level,” Nat. Photonics3, 95–98 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. E. Harris and L. V. Hau, “Nonlinear optics at low light levels,” Phys. Rev. Lett.82, 4611–4614 (1999). [CrossRef]
M. Fleischhauer and M. D. Lukin, “Dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 5094–5097 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Yan, E. G. Rickey, and Y. Zhu, “Observation of absorptive photon switching by quantum interference,” Phys. Rev. A64, 041801(R) (2001). [CrossRef]
D. A. Braje, V. Balić, G. Y. Yin, and S. E. Harris, “Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light,” Phys. Rev. A68, 041801(R) (2003). [CrossRef]
H. Kang and Y. Zhu, “Observation of large Kerr nonlinearity at low light intensities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 093601 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. F. Chen, C. Y. Wang, S. H. Wang, and I. A. Yu, “Low-light-level cross-phase-modulation based on stored light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96, 043603 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. A. Braje, V. Balić, S. Goda, G. Y. Yin, and S. E. Harris, “Frequency mixing using electromagnetically induced transparency in cold atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 183601 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. H. Lin, W. T. Liao, C. Y. Wang, Y. F. Lee, and I. A. Yu, “Low-light-level all-optical switching based on stored light pulses,” Phys. Rev. A78, 033807 (2008). [CrossRef]
T. Peters, Y. H. Chen, J. S. Wang, Y. W. Lin, and I. A. Yu, “Optimizing the retrieval efficiency of stored light pulses,” Opt. Express17, 6665–6675 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Y. H. Chen, M. J. Lee, W. Hung, Y. C. Chen, Y. F. Chen, and I. A. Yu, “Demonstration of the interaction between two stopped light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 173603 (2012). [PubMed]
Y. W. Lin, H. C. Chou, P. P. Dwivedi, Y. C. Chen, and I. A. Yu, “Using a pair of rectangular coils in the MOT for the production of cold atom clouds with large optical density,” Opt. Express16, 3753–3761 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] S. E. Harris and Y. Yamamoto, “Photon switching by quantum interference,” Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 3611–3614 (1998). [CrossRef]

[2] A. M. C. Dawes, L. Illing, S. M. Clark, and D. J. Gauthier, “All-optical switching in rubidium vapor,” Science308, 672–674 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] J. Zhang, G. Hernandez, and Y. Zhu, “All-optical switching at ultralow light levels,” Opt. Lett.32, 1317–1319 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[4] M. Bajcsy, S. Hofferberth, V. Balic, T. Peyronel, M. Hafezi, A. S. Zibrov, V. Vuletic, and M. D. Lukin, “Efficient all-optical switching using slow light within a hollow fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 203902 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] V. Venkataraman, K. Saha, P. Londero, and A. L. Gaeta, “Few-photon all-optical modulation in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett.107, 193902 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] M. Albert, A. Dantan, and M. Drewsen, “Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency and all-optical switching using ion Coulomb crystals,” Nat. Photonics5, 633–636 (2011). [CrossRef]

[7] H. Schmidt and A. Imamoğlu, “Giant Kerr nonlinearities obtained by electromagnetically induced transparency,” Opt. Lett.21, 1936–1938 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[8] Z. B. Wang, K. P. Marzlin, and B. C. Sanders, “Large cross-phase modulation between slow copropagating weak pulses in 87Rb,” Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 063901 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[9] I. Fushman, D. Englund, A. Faraon, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vuc̆ković, “Controlled phase shifts with a single quantum dot,” Science320, 769–772 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[10] N. Matsuda, R. Shimizu, Y. Mitsumori, H. Kosaka, and K. Edamatsu, “Observation of optical-fibre Kerr nonlinearity at the single-photon level,” Nat. Photonics3, 95–98 (2009). [CrossRef]

[11] S. E. Harris and L. V. Hau, “Nonlinear optics at low light levels,” Phys. Rev. Lett.82, 4611–4614 (1999). [CrossRef]

[12] M. Fleischhauer and M. D. Lukin, “Dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced transparency,” Phys. Rev. Lett.84, 5094–5097 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] M. Yan, E. G. Rickey, and Y. Zhu, “Observation of absorptive photon switching by quantum interference,” Phys. Rev. A64, 041801(R) (2001). [CrossRef]

[14] D. A. Braje, V. Balić, G. Y. Yin, and S. E. Harris, “Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light,” Phys. Rev. A68, 041801(R) (2003). [CrossRef]

[15] H. Kang and Y. Zhu, “Observation of large Kerr nonlinearity at low light intensities,” Phys. Rev. Lett.91, 093601 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] Y. F. Chen, C. Y. Wang, S. H. Wang, and I. A. Yu, “Low-light-level cross-phase-modulation based on stored light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.96, 043603 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] D. A. Braje, V. Balić, S. Goda, G. Y. Yin, and S. E. Harris, “Frequency mixing using electromagnetically induced transparency in cold atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 183601 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[18] W. H. Lin, W. T. Liao, C. Y. Wang, Y. F. Lee, and I. A. Yu, “Low-light-level all-optical switching based on stored light pulses,” Phys. Rev. A78, 033807 (2008). [CrossRef]

[19] T. Peters, Y. H. Chen, J. S. Wang, Y. W. Lin, and I. A. Yu, “Optimizing the retrieval efficiency of stored light pulses,” Opt. Express17, 6665–6675 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] Y. H. Chen, M. J. Lee, W. Hung, Y. C. Chen, Y. F. Chen, and I. A. Yu, “Demonstration of the interaction between two stopped light pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 173603 (2012). [PubMed]

[21] Y. W. Lin, H. C. Chou, P. P. Dwivedi, Y. C. Chen, and I. A. Yu, “Using a pair of rectangular coils in the MOT for the production of cold atom clouds with large optical density,” Opt. Express16, 3753–3761 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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EIT-based all-optical switching and cross-phase modulation under the influence of four-wave mixing