Relief surface changes provide interesting possibilities for storing diffractive optical elements on photopolymers and are an important source of information for characterizing and understanding the material behavior. In this paper we use a 3-dimensional model, based on direct parameter measurements, for predicting the relief structures generated on without-coverplate photopolymers. We have analyzed different spatial frequency and recording intensity distributions such as binary and blazed periodic patterns. This model was successfully applied to different photopolymers with different values of monomer diffusion.

© 2012 OSA

1. M. S. Weiser, F. K. Bruder, T. Fäcke, D. Hönel, D. Jurbergs, and T. Rölle, “Self-processing, diffusion-based photopolymers for holographic applications,” Macromol. Symp.296(1), 133–137 (2010). [CrossRef]
2. Y. Tomita, K. Furushima, K. Ochi, K. Ishizu, A. Tanaka, M. Ozawa, M. Hidaka, and K. Chikama, “Organic nanoparticle (hyperbranched polymer)-dispersed photopolymers for volume holographic storage,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(7), 071103 (2006). [CrossRef]
3. J. Ashley, M.-P. Bernal, G. W. Burr, H. Coufal, H. Guenther, J. A. Hoffnagle, C. M. Jefferson, B. Marcus, R. M. MacFarlane, R. M. Shelby, and G. T. Sincerbox, “Holographic Data Storage Technology,” IBM J. Res. Develop.44(3), 341–368 (2000). [CrossRef]
4. G. P. Nordinand and A. R. Tanguay., “Photopolymer-based stratified volume holographic optical elements,” Opt. Lett.17(23), 1709–1711 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. F. T. O’Neill, A. J. Carr, S. M. Daniels, M. R. Gleeson, J. V. Kelly, J. R. Lawrence, and J. T. Sheridan, “Refractive elements produced in photopolymer layers,” J. Mater. Sci.40(15), 4129–4132 (2005). [CrossRef]
6. J. Zhang, K. Kasala, A. Rewari, and K. Saravanamuttu, “Self-trapping of spatially and temporally incoherent white light in a photochemical medium,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.128(2), 406–407 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
7. A. C. Sullivan, M. W. Grabowski, and R. R. McLeod, “Three-dimensional direct-write lithography into photopolymer,” Appl. Opt.46(3), 295–301 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. R. K. Kostuk, J. Castro, and D. Zhang, “Holographic low concentration ratio solar concentrators,” in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2009), paper FMB3.
9. A. Márquez, S. Gallego, M. Ortuño, E. Fernández, M. L. Álvarez, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Generation of diffractive optical elements onto a photopolymer using a liquid crystal display,” Proc. SPIE7717, 77170D, 77170D–12 (2010). [CrossRef]
10. L. M. C. Sagis, “Generalized curvature expansion for the surface internal energy,” Physica A246(3–4), 591–608 (1997). [CrossRef]
11. S. Abe and J. T. Sheridan, “Curvature correction model of droplet profiles,” Phys. Lett. A253(5–6), 317–321 (1999). [CrossRef]
12. C. E. Close, M. R. Gleeson, and J. T. Sheridan, “Monomer diffusion rates in photopolymer material: Part I: low spatial frequency holographic gratings,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B28(4), 658–666 (2011). [CrossRef]
13. F. Mendel, “Chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of acrylamide. A review,” J. Agric. Food Chem.51, 4504–4526 (2003).
14. M. Ortuño, E. Fernández, S. Gallego, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “New photopolymer holographic recording material with sustainable design,” Opt. Express15(19), 12425–12435 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. S. Gallego, A. Márquez, M. Ortuño, S. Marini, and J. Francés, “High environmental compatibility photopolymers compared to PVA/AA based materials at zero spatial frequency limit,” Opt. Mater.33(3), 531–537 (2011). [CrossRef]
16. S. Gallego, A. Márquez, M. Ortuño, J. Francés, S. Marini, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Surface relief model for photopolymers without cover plating,” Opt. Express19(11), 10896–10906 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
17. E. Fernandez, A. Marquez, S. Gallego, R. Fuentes, C. García, and I. Pascual, “Hybrid Ternary Modulation Applied to Multiplexing Holograms in Photopolymers for Data Page Storage,” J. Lightwave Technol.28, 776–783 (2010).
18. A. Márquez, C. Iemmi, I. Moreno, J. A. Davis, J. Campos, and M. J. Yzuel, “Quantitative prediction of the modulation behavior of twisted nematic liquid crystal displays,” Opt. Eng.40(11), 2558–2564 (2001). [CrossRef]
19. S. Gallego, A. Márquez, D. Méndez, S. Marini, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Spatial-phase-modulation-based study of polyvinyl-alcohol/acrylamide photopolymers in the low spatial frequency range,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4403–4413 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. S. Gallego, A. Márquez, S. Marini, E. Fernández, M. Ortuño, and I. Pascual, “In dark analysis of PVA/AA materials at very low spatial frequencies: phase modulation evolution and diffusion estimation,” Opt. Express17(20), 18279–18291 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
21. F. T. O’Neill, J. R. Lawrence, and J. T. Sheridan, “Comparison of holographic photopolymer materials by use of analytic nonlocal diffusion models,” Appl. Opt.41(5), 845–852 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. J. V. Kelly, M. R. Gleeson, C. E. Close, F. T. O’Neill, J. T. Sheridan, S. Gallego, and C. Neipp, “Temporal analysis of grating formation in photopolymer using the nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion model,” Opt. Express13(18), 6990–7004 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. C. Heine and R. H. Morf, “Submicrometer gratings for solar energy applications,” Appl. Opt.34(14), 2476–2482 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. X. Wang, D. Wilson, R. Muller, P. Maker, and D. Psaltis, “Liquid-crystal blazed-grating beam deflector,” Appl. Opt.39(35), 6545–6555 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
25. S. Gallego, C. Neipp, M. Ortuño, A. Márquez, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Diffusion-based model to predict the conservation of gratings recorded in poly(vinyl alcohol)-acrylamide photopolymer,” Appl. Opt.42(29), 5839–5845 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt.

• A. C. Sullivan, M. W. Grabowski, and R. R. McLeod, “Three-dimensional direct-write lithography into photopolymer,” Appl. Opt.46(3), 295–301 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. Gallego, A. Márquez, D. Méndez, S. Marini, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Spatial-phase-modulation-based study of polyvinyl-alcohol/acrylamide photopolymers in the low spatial frequency range,” Appl. Opt.48(22), 4403–4413 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• F. T. O’Neill, J. R. Lawrence, and J. T. Sheridan, “Comparison of holographic photopolymer materials by use of analytic nonlocal diffusion models,” Appl. Opt.41(5), 845–852 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• C. Heine and R. H. Morf, “Submicrometer gratings for solar energy applications,” Appl. Opt.34(14), 2476–2482 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• X. Wang, D. Wilson, R. Muller, P. Maker, and D. Psaltis, “Liquid-crystal blazed-grating beam deflector,” Appl. Opt.39(35), 6545–6555 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. Gallego, C. Neipp, M. Ortuño, A. Márquez, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Diffusion-based model to predict the conservation of gratings recorded in poly(vinyl alcohol)-acrylamide photopolymer,” Appl. Opt.42(29), 5839–5845 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett.

• Y. Tomita, K. Furushima, K. Ochi, K. Ishizu, A. Tanaka, M. Ozawa, M. Hidaka, and K. Chikama, “Organic nanoparticle (hyperbranched polymer)-dispersed photopolymers for volume holographic storage,” Appl. Phys. Lett.88(7), 071103 (2006). [CrossRef]

IBM J. Res. Develop.

• J. Ashley, M.-P. Bernal, G. W. Burr, H. Coufal, H. Guenther, J. A. Hoffnagle, C. M. Jefferson, B. Marcus, R. M. MacFarlane, R. M. Shelby, and G. T. Sincerbox, “Holographic Data Storage Technology,” IBM J. Res. Develop.44(3), 341–368 (2000). [CrossRef]

J. Agric. Food Chem.

• F. Mendel, “Chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of acrylamide. A review,” J. Agric. Food Chem.51, 4504–4526 (2003).

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

• J. Zhang, K. Kasala, A. Rewari, and K. Saravanamuttu, “Self-trapping of spatially and temporally incoherent white light in a photochemical medium,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.128(2), 406–407 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

J. Lightwave Technol.

• E. Fernandez, A. Marquez, S. Gallego, R. Fuentes, C. García, and I. Pascual, “Hybrid Ternary Modulation Applied to Multiplexing Holograms in Photopolymers for Data Page Storage,” J. Lightwave Technol.28, 776–783 (2010).

J. Mater. Sci.

• F. T. O’Neill, A. J. Carr, S. M. Daniels, M. R. Gleeson, J. V. Kelly, J. R. Lawrence, and J. T. Sheridan, “Refractive elements produced in photopolymer layers,” J. Mater. Sci.40(15), 4129–4132 (2005). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

• C. E. Close, M. R. Gleeson, and J. T. Sheridan, “Monomer diffusion rates in photopolymer material: Part I: low spatial frequency holographic gratings,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B28(4), 658–666 (2011). [CrossRef]

Macromol. Symp.

• M. S. Weiser, F. K. Bruder, T. Fäcke, D. Hönel, D. Jurbergs, and T. Rölle, “Self-processing, diffusion-based photopolymers for holographic applications,” Macromol. Symp.296(1), 133–137 (2010). [CrossRef]

Opt. Eng.

• A. Márquez, C. Iemmi, I. Moreno, J. A. Davis, J. Campos, and M. J. Yzuel, “Quantitative prediction of the modulation behavior of twisted nematic liquid crystal displays,” Opt. Eng.40(11), 2558–2564 (2001). [CrossRef]

Opt. Express

• S. Gallego, A. Márquez, M. Ortuño, J. Francés, S. Marini, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Surface relief model for photopolymers without cover plating,” Opt. Express19(11), 10896–10906 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• M. Ortuño, E. Fernández, S. Gallego, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “New photopolymer holographic recording material with sustainable design,” Opt. Express15(19), 12425–12435 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• J. V. Kelly, M. R. Gleeson, C. E. Close, F. T. O’Neill, J. T. Sheridan, S. Gallego, and C. Neipp, “Temporal analysis of grating formation in photopolymer using the nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion model,” Opt. Express13(18), 6990–7004 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
• S. Gallego, A. Márquez, S. Marini, E. Fernández, M. Ortuño, and I. Pascual, “In dark analysis of PVA/AA materials at very low spatial frequencies: phase modulation evolution and diffusion estimation,” Opt. Express17(20), 18279–18291 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett.

• G. P. Nordinand and A. R. Tanguay., “Photopolymer-based stratified volume holographic optical elements,” Opt. Lett.17(23), 1709–1711 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater.

• S. Gallego, A. Márquez, M. Ortuño, S. Marini, and J. Francés, “High environmental compatibility photopolymers compared to PVA/AA based materials at zero spatial frequency limit,” Opt. Mater.33(3), 531–537 (2011). [CrossRef]

Phys. Lett. A

• S. Abe and J. T. Sheridan, “Curvature correction model of droplet profiles,” Phys. Lett. A253(5–6), 317–321 (1999). [CrossRef]

Physica A

• L. M. C. Sagis, “Generalized curvature expansion for the surface internal energy,” Physica A246(3–4), 591–608 (1997). [CrossRef]

Proc. SPIE

• A. Márquez, S. Gallego, M. Ortuño, E. Fernández, M. L. Álvarez, A. Beléndez, and I. Pascual, “Generation of diffractive optical elements onto a photopolymer using a liquid crystal display,” Proc. SPIE7717, 77170D, 77170D–12 (2010). [CrossRef]

Other

• R. K. Kostuk, J. Castro, and D. Zhang, “Holographic low concentration ratio solar concentrators,” in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2009), paper FMB3.

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