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Ultra-high photoluminescent quantum yield of β-NaYF4: 10% Er3+ via broadband excitation of upconversion for photovoltaic devices

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Abstract

The upconversion photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of erbium-doped hexagonal sodium yttrium fluoride (β-NaYF4: 10% Er3+) was measured under broadband excitation with full width half maxima ranging from 12 to 80 nm. A novel method was developed to increase the bandwidth of excitation, while remaining independent of power via normalization to the air mass 1.5 direct solar spectrum. The measurements reveal that by broadening the excitation spectrum a higher PLQY can be achieved at lower solar concentrations. The highest PLQY of 16.2 ± 0.5% was achieved at 2270 ± 100 mW mm−2 and is the highest ever measured.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Energy level diagram for two Er3+ ions in close proximity, which shows the various transitions possible to achieve UC emission. The peak wavelengths associated with UC mechanisms GSA/ESA (solid arrows), ETU (dotted arrows) and UC emission (dot/dash arrows) are shown.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Excitation scatter spectra used to achieve UC emission at 980 nm. The broadening of the spectrum due to additional channels from the AOTF can be seen as well as the asymmetric/symmetric sequence. The AM1.5D solar spectrum (grey shaded area) is also plotted against the secondary y-axis
Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Excitation wavelength dependence of achieving 980 nm UC emission with clear resonant peaks at 1523, 1509 and 1498 nm as shown by the grey shaded area. Increasing bandwidths encompass a larger portion of the excitation spectrum.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4 The standard reporting method is shown (black squares) in comparison to the suggested “suns” method for broadband excitation (red triangles). These results show very high efficiencies, which improve with lower solar concentrations.

Equations (3)

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PLQY = No . of Photons Emitted No . of Photons Absorbed
No . of Photons Emitted I 0 2 PLQY No . of Photons Emitted I 0 I 0 log (PLQY) 1 × log (I 0 )
Solar Concentration = E x c i t a t i o n P o w e r F l u x ( F W H M , λ c ) λ 1 λ 2 AM1 .5d Power Flux ( λ ) λ
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