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Enhancement of bandgap emission of Pt-capped MgZnO films: Important role of light extraction versus exciton-plasmon couplingW. F. Yang, Y. N. Xie, R. Y. Liao, J. Sun, Z. Y. Wu, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, C. F. Wang, Alex Y. S. Lee, and H. Gong »View Author Affiliations
W. F. Yang,1
Y. N. Xie,2
R. Y. Liao,3
J. Sun,1
Z. Y. Wu,2
L. M. Wong,4
S. J. Wang,4
C. F. Wang,5
Alex Y. S. Lee,5
and H. Gong1,*
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore 2Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China 3Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 4Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 117602, Singapore 5Du Pont Apollo Limited, No. 8 Science Park West Ave., Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China *Corresponding author: msegongh@nus.edu.sg |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 13, pp. 14556-14563 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.014556
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Abstract
We present on a systematic study of the contribution of surface plasmon (SP) coupling and light extraction toward emission enhancement of Platinum (Pt) nano-patterns capped MgZnO films. Time resolved Photoluminescence (PL) results indicate that the Pt coating can greatly reduces the non-radiative recombination rate by passivation of surface states, making the decay slow down. Temperature dependence of the integrated photoluminescence intensity reveals that the Pt nano-patterns can offer a large amount of light transfer and scattering, which enormously increase the light extraction efficiency up to 3.8-fold. These results indicate that the increased light extraction efficiency caused by surface modification via Pt coating rather than SP coupling plays a dominant role in increasing bandgap emission of MgZnO film.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(230.0250) Optical devices : Optoelectronics
(240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
(250.5230) Optoelectronics : Photoluminescence
(220.4241) Optical design and fabrication : Nanostructure fabrication
ToC Category:
Optoelectronics
History
Original Manuscript: March 27, 2012
Revised Manuscript: April 27, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: May 5, 2012
Published: June 14, 2012
Citation
W. F. Yang, Y. N. Xie, R. Y. Liao, J. Sun, Z. Y. Wu, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, C. F. Wang, Alex Y. S. Lee, and H. Gong, "Enhancement of bandgap emission of Pt-capped MgZnO films: Important role of light extraction versus exciton-plasmon coupling," Opt. Express 20, 14556-14563 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-13-14556
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References
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- C. W. Cheng, E. J. Sie, B. Liu, C. H. A. Huan, T. C. Sum, H. D. Sun, and H. J. Fan, “Surface plasmon enhanced bandedge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(7), 071107 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Dev, J. P. Richters, J. Sartor, H. Kalt, J. Gutowski, and T. Voss, “Enhancement of the near-band-edge photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires: Important role of hydrogen incorporation versus plasmon resonances,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(13), 131111 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kim, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. W. Hwang, S. H. Choi, S. Ji, and J. Y. Koo, “Enhanced ultraviolet emission from hybrid structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes/ZnO films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(21), 213113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kim, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. W. Hwang, S. H. Choi, S. Ji, and J. Y. Koo, “Enhanced ultraviolet emission from hybrid structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes/ZnO films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(21), 213113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Kim, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. W. Hwang, S. H. Choi, S. Ji, and J. Y. Koo, “Enhanced ultraviolet emission from hybrid structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes/ZnO films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(21), 213113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Bouhelier, R. Bachelot, G. Lerondel, S. Kostcheev, P. Royer, and G. P. Wiederrecht, “Surface plasmon characteristics of tunable photoluminescence in single gold nanorods,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(26), 267405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Trunk, V. Venkatachalapathy, A. Galeckas, and A. Yu. Kuznetsov, “Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(21), 211901 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Tam, H. Su, K. S. Wong, X. Zhu, and H. S. Kwok, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from metal-capped Alq3 thin Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Lai, J. An, and H. C. Ong, “Surface-plasmon-mediated emission from metal-capped ZnO thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86(25), 251105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. Y. Lei and H. C. Ong, “Enhanced forward emission from ZnO via surface plasmons,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(21), 211107 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Bouhelier, R. Bachelot, G. Lerondel, S. Kostcheev, P. Royer, and G. P. Wiederrecht, “Surface plasmon characteristics of tunable photoluminescence in single gold nanorods,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(26), 267405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature391(6668), 667–669 (1998). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tian, X. Y. Ma, D. S. Li, and D. R. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from heterostructures formed by bilayered MgZnO films on silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061111 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. F. Yang, R. Chen, B. Liu, G. G. Gurzadyan, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, and H. D. Sun, “Surface-plasmon enhancement of bandgap emission from ZnCdO thin films by gold particles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061104 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Cheng, E. J. Sie, B. Liu, C. H. A. Huan, T. C. Sum, H. D. Sun, and H. J. Fan, “Surface plasmon enhanced bandedge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(7), 071107 (2010). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tian, X. Y. Ma, D. S. Li, and D. R. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from heterostructures formed by bilayered MgZnO films on silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061111 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. Y. Lei and H. C. Ong, “Enhanced forward emission from ZnO via surface plasmons,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(21), 211107 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Lai, J. An, and H. C. Ong, “Surface-plasmon-mediated emission from metal-capped ZnO thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86(25), 251105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Dev, J. P. Richters, J. Sartor, H. Kalt, J. Gutowski, and T. Voss, “Enhancement of the near-band-edge photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires: Important role of hydrogen incorporation versus plasmon resonances,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(13), 131111 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Bouhelier, R. Bachelot, G. Lerondel, S. Kostcheev, P. Royer, and G. P. Wiederrecht, “Surface plasmon characteristics of tunable photoluminescence in single gold nanorods,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(26), 267405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Dev, J. P. Richters, J. Sartor, H. Kalt, J. Gutowski, and T. Voss, “Enhancement of the near-band-edge photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires: Important role of hydrogen incorporation versus plasmon resonances,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(13), 131111 (2011). [CrossRef]
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. J. Fang, J. Sha, Z. L. Wang, Y. T. Wan, W. W. Xia, and Y. W. Wang, “Behind the change of the photoluminescence property of metal-coated ZnO nanowire arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kim, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. W. Hwang, S. H. Choi, S. Ji, and J. Y. Koo, “Enhanced ultraviolet emission from hybrid structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes/ZnO films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(21), 213113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Cheng, E. J. Sie, B. Liu, C. H. A. Huan, T. C. Sum, H. D. Sun, and H. J. Fan, “Surface plasmon enhanced bandedge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(7), 071107 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Tam, H. Su, K. S. Wong, X. Zhu, and H. S. Kwok, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from metal-capped Alq3 thin Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Cheng, E. J. Sie, B. Liu, C. H. A. Huan, T. C. Sum, H. D. Sun, and H. J. Fan, “Surface plasmon enhanced bandedge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(7), 071107 (2010). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. F. Yang, R. Chen, B. Liu, G. G. Gurzadyan, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, and H. D. Sun, “Surface-plasmon enhancement of bandgap emission from ZnCdO thin films by gold particles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061104 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Cheng, E. J. Sie, B. Liu, C. H. A. Huan, T. C. Sum, H. D. Sun, and H. J. Fan, “Surface plasmon enhanced bandedge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(7), 071107 (2010). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Wang, H. P. He, Y. L. Zhang, L. W. Sun, L. Hu, K. W. Wu, J. Y. Huang, and Z. Z. Ye, “Metal enhanced photoluminescence from Al-capped ZnMgO films: The roles of plasmonic coupling and non-radiative recombination,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(11), 112103 (2012). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Tam, H. Su, K. S. Wong, X. Zhu, and H. S. Kwok, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from metal-capped Alq3 thin Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature391(6668), 667–669 (1998). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tian, X. Y. Ma, D. S. Li, and D. R. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from heterostructures formed by bilayered MgZnO films on silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061111 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Trunk, V. Venkatachalapathy, A. Galeckas, and A. Yu. Kuznetsov, “Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(21), 211901 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Trunk, V. Venkatachalapathy, A. Galeckas, and A. Yu. Kuznetsov, “Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(21), 211901 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Dev, J. P. Richters, J. Sartor, H. Kalt, J. Gutowski, and T. Voss, “Enhancement of the near-band-edge photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires: Important role of hydrogen incorporation versus plasmon resonances,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(13), 131111 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Fang, J. Sha, Z. L. Wang, Y. T. Wan, W. W. Xia, and Y. W. Wang, “Behind the change of the photoluminescence property of metal-coated ZnO nanowire arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. F. Yang, R. Chen, B. Liu, G. G. Gurzadyan, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, and H. D. Sun, “Surface-plasmon enhancement of bandgap emission from ZnCdO thin films by gold particles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061104 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Wang, H. P. He, Y. L. Zhang, L. W. Sun, L. Hu, K. W. Wu, J. Y. Huang, and Z. Z. Ye, “Metal enhanced photoluminescence from Al-capped ZnMgO films: The roles of plasmonic coupling and non-radiative recombination,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(11), 112103 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Fang, J. Sha, Z. L. Wang, Y. T. Wan, W. W. Xia, and Y. W. Wang, “Behind the change of the photoluminescence property of metal-coated ZnO nanowire arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Fang, J. Sha, Z. L. Wang, Y. T. Wan, W. W. Xia, and Y. W. Wang, “Behind the change of the photoluminescence property of metal-coated ZnO nanowire arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Bouhelier, R. Bachelot, G. Lerondel, S. Kostcheev, P. Royer, and G. P. Wiederrecht, “Surface plasmon characteristics of tunable photoluminescence in single gold nanorods,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(26), 267405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature391(6668), 667–669 (1998). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Tam, H. Su, K. S. Wong, X. Zhu, and H. S. Kwok, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from metal-capped Alq3 thin Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. F. Yang, R. Chen, B. Liu, G. G. Gurzadyan, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, and H. D. Sun, “Surface-plasmon enhancement of bandgap emission from ZnCdO thin films by gold particles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061104 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Wang, H. P. He, Y. L. Zhang, L. W. Sun, L. Hu, K. W. Wu, J. Y. Huang, and Z. Z. Ye, “Metal enhanced photoluminescence from Al-capped ZnMgO films: The roles of plasmonic coupling and non-radiative recombination,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(11), 112103 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Fang, J. Sha, Z. L. Wang, Y. T. Wan, W. W. Xia, and Y. W. Wang, “Behind the change of the photoluminescence property of metal-coated ZnO nanowire arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tian, X. Y. Ma, D. S. Li, and D. R. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from heterostructures formed by bilayered MgZnO films on silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061111 (2010). [CrossRef]
- W. F. Yang, R. Chen, B. Liu, G. G. Gurzadyan, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, and H. D. Sun, “Surface-plasmon enhancement of bandgap emission from ZnCdO thin films by gold particles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061104 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Wang, H. P. He, Y. L. Zhang, L. W. Sun, L. Hu, K. W. Wu, J. Y. Huang, and Z. Z. Ye, “Metal enhanced photoluminescence from Al-capped ZnMgO films: The roles of plasmonic coupling and non-radiative recombination,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(11), 112103 (2012). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. I. Zhmakin, “Enhancement of light extraction from light emitting diodes,” Phys. Rep.498(4-5), 189–241 (2011). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Tam, H. Su, K. S. Wong, X. Zhu, and H. S. Kwok, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from metal-capped Alq3 thin Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051503 (2009). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- Y. J. Wang, H. P. He, Y. L. Zhang, L. W. Sun, L. Hu, K. W. Wu, J. Y. Huang, and Z. Z. Ye, “Metal enhanced photoluminescence from Al-capped ZnMgO films: The roles of plasmonic coupling and non-radiative recombination,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(11), 112103 (2012). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. Y. Lei and H. C. Ong, “Enhanced forward emission from ZnO via surface plasmons,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(21), 211107 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- W. F. Yang, R. Chen, B. Liu, G. G. Gurzadyan, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, and H. D. Sun, “Surface-plasmon enhancement of bandgap emission from ZnCdO thin films by gold particles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061104 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Cheng, E. J. Sie, B. Liu, C. H. A. Huan, T. C. Sum, H. D. Sun, and H. J. Fan, “Surface plasmon enhanced bandedge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(7), 071107 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Lai, J. An, and H. C. Ong, “Surface-plasmon-mediated emission from metal-capped ZnO thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86(25), 251105 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- A. Dev, J. P. Richters, J. Sartor, H. Kalt, J. Gutowski, and T. Voss, “Enhancement of the near-band-edge photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires: Important role of hydrogen incorporation versus plasmon resonances,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(13), 131111 (2011). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Tam, H. Su, K. S. Wong, X. Zhu, and H. S. Kwok, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from metal-capped Alq3 thin Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tian, X. Y. Ma, D. S. Li, and D. R. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from heterostructures formed by bilayered MgZnO films on silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061111 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Trunk, V. Venkatachalapathy, A. Galeckas, and A. Yu. Kuznetsov, “Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(21), 211901 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
Nat. Mater.
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nature
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature391(6668), 667–669 (1998). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rep.
- A. I. Zhmakin, “Enhancement of light extraction from light emitting diodes,” Phys. Rep.498(4-5), 189–241 (2011). [CrossRef]
Phys. Rev. Lett.
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Bouhelier, R. Bachelot, G. Lerondel, S. Kostcheev, P. Royer, and G. P. Wiederrecht, “Surface plasmon characteristics of tunable photoluminescence in single gold nanorods,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(26), 267405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2012, Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett.
- Y. J. Wang, H. P. He, Y. L. Zhang, L. W. Sun, L. Hu, K. W. Wu, J. Y. Huang, and Z. Z. Ye, “Metal enhanced photoluminescence from Al-capped ZnMgO films: The roles of plasmonic coupling and non-radiative recombination,” Appl. Phys. Lett.100(11), 112103 (2012). [CrossRef]
- Y. J. Fang, J. Sha, Z. L. Wang, Y. T. Wan, W. W. Xia, and Y. W. Wang, “Behind the change of the photoluminescence property of metal-coated ZnO nanowire arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(3), 033103 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Dev, J. P. Richters, J. Sartor, H. Kalt, J. Gutowski, and T. Voss, “Enhancement of the near-band-edge photoluminescence of ZnO nanowires: Important role of hydrogen incorporation versus plasmon resonances,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(13), 131111 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. I. Zhmakin, “Enhancement of light extraction from light emitting diodes,” Phys. Rep.498(4-5), 189–241 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. Tian, X. Y. Ma, D. S. Li, and D. R. Yang, “Electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from heterostructures formed by bilayered MgZnO films on silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061111 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. Trunk, V. Venkatachalapathy, A. Galeckas, and A. Yu. Kuznetsov, “Deep level related photoluminescence in ZnMgO,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(21), 211901 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Song, X. An, J. Zhou, Y. Liu, W. Wang, X. Li, W. Lan, and E. Xie, “Investigation of enhanced ultraviolet emission from different Ti-capped ZnO structures via surface passivation and surface plasmon coupling,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(12), 122103 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. W. Hwang, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. H. Hong, M. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Y. Lim, S. Kim, S. H. Choi, K. J. Ahn, G. Kim, S. H. Sim, and B. H. Hong, “Plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet photoluminescence from hybrid structures of Graphene/ZnO films,” Phys. Rev. Lett.105(12), 127403 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Liu, S. W. Qu, W. W. Yu, S. Y. Bao, C. Y. Ma, Q. Y. Zhang, J. He, J. C. Jiang, E. I. Meletis, and C. L. Chen, “Photoluminescence and extinction enhancement from ZnO films embedded with Ag nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(23), 231906 (2010). [CrossRef]
- W. F. Yang, R. Chen, B. Liu, G. G. Gurzadyan, L. M. Wong, S. J. Wang, and H. D. Sun, “Surface-plasmon enhancement of bandgap emission from ZnCdO thin films by gold particles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(6), 061104 (2010). [CrossRef]
- C. W. Cheng, E. J. Sie, B. Liu, C. H. A. Huan, T. C. Sum, H. D. Sun, and H. J. Fan, “Surface plasmon enhanced bandedge luminescence of ZnO nanorods by capping Au nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(7), 071107 (2010). [CrossRef]
- J. Li, H. Iu, D. Y. Lei, J. T. K. Wan, J. B. Xu, H. P. Ho, M. Y. Waye, and H. C. Ong, “Dependence of surface plasmom lifetimes on the hole size in two-dimensional metallic arrays,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(18), 183112 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. A. Toropov, T. V. Shubina, V. N. Jmerik, S. V. Ivanov, Y. Ogawa, and F. Minami, “Optically enhanced emission of localized excitons in InxGa1-xN films by coupling to plasmons in a gold nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103(3), 037403 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Kim, D. H. Shin, C. O. Kim, S. W. Hwang, S. H. Choi, S. Ji, and J. Y. Koo, “Enhanced ultraviolet emission from hybrid structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes/ZnO films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(21), 213113 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. W. Liu, Y. D. Tang, C. X. Cong, T. C. Sum, A. C. H. Huan, Z. X. Shen, L. Wang, F. Y. Jiang, X. W. Sun, and H. D. Sun, “Giant enhancement of top emission from ZnO thin film by nanopatterned Pt,” Appl. Phys. Lett.94(15), 151102 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. C. Tam, H. Su, K. S. Wong, X. Zhu, and H. S. Kwok, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from metal-capped Alq3 thin Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95(5), 051503 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. Y. Lei and H. C. Ong, “Enhanced forward emission from ZnO via surface plasmons,” Appl. Phys. Lett.91(21), 211107 (2007). [CrossRef]
- Z. P. Wei, B. Yao, Z. Z. Zhang, Y. M. Lu, D. Z. Shen, B. H. Li, X. H. Wang, J. Y. Zhang, D. X. Zhao, X. W. Fan, and Z. K. Tang, “Formation of p-type MgZnO by nitrogen doping,” Appl. Phys. Lett.89(10), 102104 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Bouhelier, R. Bachelot, G. Lerondel, S. Kostcheev, P. Royer, and G. P. Wiederrecht, “Surface plasmon characteristics of tunable photoluminescence in single gold nanorods,” Phys. Rev. Lett.95(26), 267405 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Lai, J. An, and H. C. Ong, “Surface-plasmon-mediated emission from metal-capped ZnO thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett.86(25), 251105 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K. Okamoto, I. Niki, A. Shvartser, Y. Narukawa, T. Mukai, and A. Scherer, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nat. Mater.3(9), 601–605 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature391(6668), 667–669 (1998). [CrossRef]
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