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Graphene oxide mode-locked femtosecond erbium-doped fiber lasersJia Xu, Jiang Liu, Sida Wu, Quan-Hong Yang, and Pu Wang »View Author Affiliations
Jia Xu,1
Jiang Liu,1
Sida Wu,2
Quan-Hong Yang,2
and Pu Wang1,*
1Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China 2School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, qhyangcn@tju.edu.cn, Tianjin 300072, China *Corresponding author: wangpuemail@bjut.edu.cn |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 14, pp. 15474-15480 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.015474
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Abstract
We demonstrated the femtosecond erbium-doped all-fiber lasers mode-locked with graphene oxide, which can be conveniently obtained from natural graphite by simple oxidation and ultra-sonication process. With proper dispersion management in an all-fiber ring cavity, the laser directly generated 200 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 22.9 MHz and the average output power was 5.8 mW. With the variation of net cavity dispersion, output pulses with pulse width of 0.2~3 ps were obtained at a repetition rate of 22.9~0.93 MHz. These results are comparable with those of graphene saturable absorbers and the superiority of easy fabrication and hydrophilic property of graphene oxide will facilitate its potential applications for ultrafast photonics.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(140.3500) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, erbium
(140.4050) Lasers and laser optics : Mode-locked lasers
(140.7090) Lasers and laser optics : Ultrafast lasers
(160.4330) Materials : Nonlinear optical materials
ToC Category:
Lasers and Laser Optics
History
Original Manuscript: May 4, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 10, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: June 12, 2012
Published: June 25, 2012
Citation
Jia Xu, Jiang Liu, Sida Wu, Quan-Hong Yang, and Pu Wang, "Graphene oxide mode-locked femtosecond erbium-doped fiber lasers," Opt. Express 20, 15474-15480 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-14-15474
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References
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- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. L. Dennis and I. N. Duling, “Experimental study of sideband generation in femtosecond fiber lasers,” Quantum Electron.30(6), 1469–1477 (1994). [CrossRef]
- K. P. Loh, Q. L. Bao, G. Eda, and M. Chhowalla, “Graphene oxide as a chemically tunable platform for optical applications,” Nat. Chem.2(12), 1015–1024 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Berger, Z. Song, T. Li, A. Y. Ogbazghi, R. Feng, Z. Dai, A. N. Marchenkov, E. H. Conrad, P. N. First, and W. A. de Heer, “Ultrathin epitaxial graphite: 2D electron gas properties and a route toward graphene-based nanoelectronics,” J. Phys. Chem. B108(52), 19912–19916 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(20), 203106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano4(2), 803–810 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Hasan, Z. P. Sun, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, P. H. Tan, A. G. Rozhin, and A. C. Ferrari, “Nanotube-polymer composites for ultrafast photonics,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(38–39), 3874–3899 (2009). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Berger, Z. Song, T. Li, A. Y. Ogbazghi, R. Feng, Z. Dai, A. N. Marchenkov, E. H. Conrad, P. N. First, and W. A. de Heer, “Ultrathin epitaxial graphite: 2D electron gas properties and a route toward graphene-based nanoelectronics,” J. Phys. Chem. B108(52), 19912–19916 (2004). [CrossRef]
- A. Martinez, K. Fuse, and S. Yamashita, “Mechinecal exfoliation of graphene for the passive mode-locking of fiber lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(12), 121107 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Martinez, K. Fuse, B. Xu, and S. Yamashita, “Optical deposition of graphene and carbon nanotubes in a fiber ferrule for passive mode-locked lasing,” Opt. Express18(22), 23054–23061 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Gui, W. Zhang, X. Li, X. Xiao, H. Zhu, K. Wang, D. Wu, and C. Yang, “Self-assembled graphene membrane as an ultrafast mode-locker in an erbium fiber laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23(23), 1790–1792 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. Gui, X. Yang, G. Zhao, X. Yang, X. Xiao, J. Zhu, and C. Yang, “Suppression of continuous lasing in a carbon nanotube polyimide film mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser,” Appl. Opt.50(1), 110–115 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Song, S. Jang, W. Han, and M. Bae, “Graphene mode-lockers for fiber lasers functioned with evanescent field interaction,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(5), 051122 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature416(6877), 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene mode-locked ultrafast laser,” ACS Nano4(2), 803–810 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Popa, Z. Sun, F. Torrisi, T. Hasan, F. Wang, and A. C. Ferrari, “Sub 200 fs pulse generation from a graphene mode-locked fiber laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(20), 203106 (2010). [CrossRef]
- F. Bonaccorso, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, and A. C. Ferrari, “Graphene photonics and optoelectronics,” Nat. Photonics4(9), 611–622 (2010). [CrossRef]
- T. Hasan, Z. P. Sun, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, P. H. Tan, A. G. Rozhin, and A. C. Ferrari, “Nanotube-polymer composites for ultrafast photonics,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)21(38–39), 3874–3899 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M. S. Dresselhaus, and J. Kong, “Large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition,” Nano Lett.9(1), 30–35 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Udem, R. Holzwarth, and T. W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology,” Nature416(6877), 233–237 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. S. Hummers and R. E. Offeman, “Preparation of graphite oxide,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.80(6), 1339–1339 (1958). [CrossRef]
- Y. Song, S. Jang, W. Han, and M. Bae, “Graphene mode-lockers for fiber lasers functioned with evanescent field interaction,” Appl. Phys. Lett.96(5), 051122 (2010). [CrossRef]
- H. Kim, J. Cho, S. Y. Jang, and Y. W. Song, “Deformation-immunized optical deposition of graphene for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(2), 021104 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M. S. Dresselhaus, and J. Kong, “Large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition,” Nano Lett.9(1), 30–35 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Stankovich, D. Dikin, R. Piner, K. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S. Nguyen, and R. Ruoff, “Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide,” Carbon45(7), 1558–1565 (2007). [CrossRef]
- K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, “Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films,” Science306(5696), 666–669 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. L. Bao, H. Zhang, J. Yang, S. Wang, D. Y. Tang, R. Jose, S. Ramakrishna, C. T. Lim, and K. P. Loh, “Graphene-polymer nanofiber membrane for ultrafast photonics,” Adv. Funct. Mater.20, 1–10 (2010).
- B. V. Cunning, C. L. Brown, and D. Kielpinski, “Low-loss flake-graphene saturable absorber mirror for laser mode-locking at sub-200-fs pulse duration,” Appl. Phys. Lett.99(26), 261109 (2011). [CrossRef]
- H. Kim, J. Cho, S. Y. Jang, and Y. W. Song, “Deformation-immunized optical deposition of graphene for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.98(2), 021104 (2011). [CrossRef]
- Y. M. Chang, H. Kim, J. H. Lee, and Y. W. Song, “Multilayered graphene efficiently formed by mechanical exfoliation for nonlinear saturable absorbers in fiber mode-locked lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett.97(21), 211102 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. Stankovich, D. Dikin, R. Piner, K. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S. Nguyen, and R. Ruoff, “Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide,” Carbon45(7), 1558–1565 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Stankovich, D. Dikin, R. Piner, K. Kohlhaas, A. Kleinhammes, Y. Jia, Y. Wu, S. Nguyen, and R. Ruoff, “Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide,” Carbon45(7), 1558–1565 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M. S. Dresselhaus, and J. Kong, “Large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition,” Nano Lett.9(1), 30–35 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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ACS Nano
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Adv. Funct. Mater.
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Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
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Appl. Opt.
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