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Narrow-band waveguide Bragg gratings on SOI wafers with CMOS-compatible fabrication processXu Wang, Wei Shi, Han Yun, Samantha Grist, Nicolas A. F. Jaeger, and Lukas Chrostowski »View Author Affiliations
Xu Wang,*
Wei Shi,
Han Yun,
Samantha Grist,
Nicolas A. F. Jaeger,
and Lukas Chrostowski
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada *Corresponding author: xuw@ece.ubc.ca |
Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue 14, pp. 15547-15558 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.015547
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Abstract
We demonstrate the design, fabrication and measurement of integrated Bragg gratings in a compact single-mode silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguide. The gratings are realized by corrugating the sidewalls of the waveguide, either on the ridge or on the slab. The coupling coefficient is varied by changing the corrugation width which allows precise control of the bandwidth and has a high fabrication tolerance. The grating devices are fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process with 193 nm deep ultraviolet lithography. Spectral measurements show bandwidths as narrow as 0.4 nm, which are promising for on-chip applications that require narrow bandwidths such as WDM channel filters. We also present the die-to-die nonuniformity for the grating devices on the wafer, and our analysis shows that the Bragg wavelength deviation is mainly caused by the wafer thickness variation.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(050.2770) Diffraction and gratings : Gratings
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(230.7370) Optical devices : Waveguides
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
History
Original Manuscript: April 16, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 12, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: June 13, 2012
Published: June 26, 2012
Citation
Xu Wang, Wei Shi, Han Yun, Samantha Grist, Nicolas A. F. Jaeger, and Lukas Chrostowski, "Narrow-band waveguide Bragg gratings on SOI wafers with CMOS-compatible fabrication process," Opt. Express 20, 15547-15558 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-20-14-15547
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References
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- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- S. K. Selvaraja, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Subnanometer linewidth uniformity in silicon nanophotonic waveguide devices using CMOS fabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16, 316–324 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, P. Jaenen, W. Bogaerts, D. V. Thourhout, P. Dumon, and R. Baets, “Fabrication of photonic wire and crystal circuits in silicon-on-insulator using 193-nm optical lithography,” J. Lightwave Technol.27, 4076–4083 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Cladding-modulated Bragg gratings in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett.34, 1357–1359 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Coupled chirped vertical gratings for on-chip group velocity dispersion engineering,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95, 141109 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, R. E. Saperstein, B. Slutsky, and Y. Fainman, “Chip-scale dispersion engineering using chirped vertical gratings,” Opt. Lett.33, 3013–3015 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. K. Selvaraja, E. Rosseel, L. Fernandez, M. Tabat, W. Bogaerts, J. Hautala, and P. Absil, “SOI thickness uniformity improvement using corrective etching for silicon nano-photonic device,” in 2011 8th IEEE Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), 71–73 (2011). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, A. Gajda, M. Krause, R. Steingrüber, J. Bruns, and K. Petermann, “Tunable Bragg reflectors on silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Opt. Express, 17, 18518–18524 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, A. Gajda, M. Krause, R. Steingrüber, J. Bruns, and K. Petermann, “Tunable Bragg reflectors on silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Opt. Express, 17, 18518–18524 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Hastings, M. H. Lim, J. G. Goodberlet, and H. I. Smith, “Optical waveguides with apodized sidewall gratings via spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, 2753–2757 (2002). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Hastings, M. H. Lim, J. G. Goodberlet, and H. I. Smith, “Optical waveguides with apodized sidewall gratings via spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, 2753–2757 (2002). [CrossRef]
- T. E. Murphy, J. T. Hastings, and H. I. Smith, “Fabrication and characterization of narrow-band Bragg-reflection filters in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol.19, 1938–1942 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, E. Rosseel, L. Fernandez, M. Tabat, W. Bogaerts, J. Hautala, and P. Absil, “SOI thickness uniformity improvement using corrective etching for silicon nano-photonic device,” in 2011 8th IEEE Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), 71–73 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. Homampour, M. P. Bulk, P. E. Jessop, and A. P. Knights, “Thermal tuning of planar Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Phys. Status Solidi C6, S240–S243 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Coupled chirped vertical gratings for on-chip group velocity dispersion engineering,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95, 141109 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Cladding-modulated Bragg gratings in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett.34, 1357–1359 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, R. E. Saperstein, B. Slutsky, and Y. Fainman, “Chip-scale dispersion engineering using chirped vertical gratings,” Opt. Lett.33, 3013–3015 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Wang, W. Shi, R. Vafaei, N. Jaeger, and L. Chrostowski, “Uniform and sampled Bragg gratings in SOI strip waveguides with sidewall corrugations,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 290–292 (2011).
- V. Jayaraman, Z.-M. Chuang, and L. A. Coldren, “Theory, design, and performance of extended tuning range semiconductor lasers with sampled gratings,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.29, 1824–1834 (1993). [CrossRef]
- S. Homampour, M. P. Bulk, P. E. Jessop, and A. P. Knights, “Thermal tuning of planar Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Phys. Status Solidi C6, S240–S243 (2009). [CrossRef]
- G. Jiang, R. Chen, Q. Zhou, J. Yang, M. Wang, and X. Jiang, “Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 6–9 (2011).
- G. Jiang, R. Chen, Q. Zhou, J. Yang, M. Wang, and X. Jiang, “Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 6–9 (2011).
- S. Homampour, M. P. Bulk, P. E. Jessop, and A. P. Knights, “Thermal tuning of planar Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Phys. Status Solidi C6, S240–S243 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- P. Dong, W. Qian, S. Liao, H. Liang, C.-C. Kung, N.-N. Feng, R. Shafiiha, J. Fong, D. Feng, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “Low loss shallow-ridge silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express18, 14474–14479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- J. T. Hastings, M. H. Lim, J. G. Goodberlet, and H. I. Smith, “Optical waveguides with apodized sidewall gratings via spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, 2753–2757 (2002). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zamek, D. T. H. Tan, M. Khajavikhan, M. Ayache, M. P. Nezhad, and Y. Fainman, “Compact chip-scale filter based on curve waveguide Bragg gratings,” Opt. Lett.35, 3477–3479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Soref, J. Schmidtchen, and K. Peterman, “Large single-mode rib waveguides in GeSi-Si and Si-on-SiO2,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.27, 1971–1974 (1991). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, A. Gajda, M. Krause, R. Steingrüber, J. Bruns, and K. Petermann, “Tunable Bragg reflectors on silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Opt. Express, 17, 18518–18524 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Loiacono, G. T. Reed, G. Z. Mashanovich, R. Gwilliam, S. J. Henley, Y. Hu, R. Feldesh, and R. Jones, “Laser erasable implanted gratings for integrated silicon photonics,” Opt. Express19, 10728–10734 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. P. Chan, C. E. Png, S. T. Lim, G. T. Reed, and V. M. N. Passaro, “Single-mode and polarization-independent silicon-on-insulator waveguides with small cross section,” J. Lightwave Technol.23, 2103–2111 (2005). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, E. Rosseel, L. Fernandez, M. Tabat, W. Bogaerts, J. Hautala, and P. Absil, “SOI thickness uniformity improvement using corrective etching for silicon nano-photonic device,” in 2011 8th IEEE Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), 71–73 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Soref, J. Schmidtchen, and K. Peterman, “Large single-mode rib waveguides in GeSi-Si and Si-on-SiO2,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.27, 1971–1974 (1991). [CrossRef]
- W. Bogaerts and S. K. Selvaraja, “Compact single-mode silicon hybrid rib/strip waveguide with adiabatic bends,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 422–432 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Subnanometer linewidth uniformity in silicon nanophotonic waveguide devices using CMOS fabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16, 316–324 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, P. Jaenen, W. Bogaerts, D. V. Thourhout, P. Dumon, and R. Baets, “Fabrication of photonic wire and crystal circuits in silicon-on-insulator using 193-nm optical lithography,” J. Lightwave Technol.27, 4076–4083 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, E. Rosseel, L. Fernandez, M. Tabat, W. Bogaerts, J. Hautala, and P. Absil, “SOI thickness uniformity improvement using corrective etching for silicon nano-photonic device,” in 2011 8th IEEE Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), 71–73 (2011). [CrossRef]
- X. Wang, W. Shi, R. Vafaei, N. Jaeger, and L. Chrostowski, “Uniform and sampled Bragg gratings in SOI strip waveguides with sidewall corrugations,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 290–292 (2011).
- W. Shi, X. Wang, W. Zhang, L. Chrostowski, and N. A. F. Jaeger, “Contradirectional couplers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Opt. Lett.36, 3999–4001 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- J. T. Hastings, M. H. Lim, J. G. Goodberlet, and H. I. Smith, “Optical waveguides with apodized sidewall gratings via spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, 2753–2757 (2002). [CrossRef]
- T. E. Murphy, J. T. Hastings, and H. I. Smith, “Fabrication and characterization of narrow-band Bragg-reflection filters in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol.19, 1938–1942 (2001). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Soref, J. Schmidtchen, and K. Peterman, “Large single-mode rib waveguides in GeSi-Si and Si-on-SiO2,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.27, 1971–1974 (1991). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, E. Rosseel, L. Fernandez, M. Tabat, W. Bogaerts, J. Hautala, and P. Absil, “SOI thickness uniformity improvement using corrective etching for silicon nano-photonic device,” in 2011 8th IEEE Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), 71–73 (2011). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zamek, D. T. H. Tan, M. Khajavikhan, M. Ayache, M. P. Nezhad, and Y. Fainman, “Compact chip-scale filter based on curve waveguide Bragg gratings,” Opt. Lett.35, 3477–3479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Cladding-modulated Bragg gratings in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett.34, 1357–1359 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Coupled chirped vertical gratings for on-chip group velocity dispersion engineering,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95, 141109 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, R. E. Saperstein, B. Slutsky, and Y. Fainman, “Chip-scale dispersion engineering using chirped vertical gratings,” Opt. Lett.33, 3013–3015 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- S. K. Selvaraja, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Subnanometer linewidth uniformity in silicon nanophotonic waveguide devices using CMOS fabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16, 316–324 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, P. Jaenen, W. Bogaerts, D. V. Thourhout, P. Dumon, and R. Baets, “Fabrication of photonic wire and crystal circuits in silicon-on-insulator using 193-nm optical lithography,” J. Lightwave Technol.27, 4076–4083 (2009). [CrossRef]
- W. Bogaerts, R. Baets, P. Dumon, V. Wiaux, S. Beckx, D. Taillaert, B. Luyssaert, J. V. Campenhout, P. Bienstman, and D. V. Thourhout, “Nanophotonic waveguides in silicon-on-insulator fabricated with CMOS technology,” J. Lightwave Technol.23, 401–412 (2005). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- X. Wang, W. Shi, R. Vafaei, N. Jaeger, and L. Chrostowski, “Uniform and sampled Bragg gratings in SOI strip waveguides with sidewall corrugations,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 290–292 (2011).
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. Jiang, R. Chen, Q. Zhou, J. Yang, M. Wang, and X. Jiang, “Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 6–9 (2011).
- X. Wang, W. Shi, R. Vafaei, N. Jaeger, and L. Chrostowski, “Uniform and sampled Bragg gratings in SOI strip waveguides with sidewall corrugations,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 290–292 (2011).
- W. Shi, X. Wang, W. Zhang, L. Chrostowski, and N. A. F. Jaeger, “Contradirectional couplers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Opt. Lett.36, 3999–4001 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- G. Jiang, R. Chen, Q. Zhou, J. Yang, M. Wang, and X. Jiang, “Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 6–9 (2011).
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zamek, D. T. H. Tan, M. Khajavikhan, M. Ayache, M. P. Nezhad, and Y. Fainman, “Compact chip-scale filter based on curve waveguide Bragg gratings,” Opt. Lett.35, 3477–3479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- G. Jiang, R. Chen, Q. Zhou, J. Yang, M. Wang, and X. Jiang, “Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 6–9 (2011).
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
Appl. Phys. Lett.
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Coupled chirped vertical gratings for on-chip group velocity dispersion engineering,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95, 141109 (2009). [CrossRef]
Electron. Lett.
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
- R. A. Soref, J. Schmidtchen, and K. Peterman, “Large single-mode rib waveguides in GeSi-Si and Si-on-SiO2,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.27, 1971–1974 (1991). [CrossRef]
- V. Jayaraman, Z.-M. Chuang, and L. A. Coldren, “Theory, design, and performance of extended tuning range semiconductor lasers with sampled gratings,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.29, 1824–1834 (1993). [CrossRef]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- S. K. Selvaraja, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Subnanometer linewidth uniformity in silicon nanophotonic waveguide devices using CMOS fabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16, 316–324 (2010). [CrossRef]
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
- G. Jiang, R. Chen, Q. Zhou, J. Yang, M. Wang, and X. Jiang, “Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 6–9 (2011).
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- X. Wang, W. Shi, R. Vafaei, N. Jaeger, and L. Chrostowski, “Uniform and sampled Bragg gratings in SOI strip waveguides with sidewall corrugations,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 290–292 (2011).
IEEE Photonics Journal
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- W. Bogaerts and S. K. Selvaraja, “Compact single-mode silicon hybrid rib/strip waveguide with adiabatic bends,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 422–432 (2011). [CrossRef]
J. Lightwave Technol.
- W. Bogaerts, R. Baets, P. Dumon, V. Wiaux, S. Beckx, D. Taillaert, B. Luyssaert, J. V. Campenhout, P. Bienstman, and D. V. Thourhout, “Nanophotonic waveguides in silicon-on-insulator fabricated with CMOS technology,” J. Lightwave Technol.23, 401–412 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, P. Jaenen, W. Bogaerts, D. V. Thourhout, P. Dumon, and R. Baets, “Fabrication of photonic wire and crystal circuits in silicon-on-insulator using 193-nm optical lithography,” J. Lightwave Technol.27, 4076–4083 (2009). [CrossRef]
- T. E. Murphy, J. T. Hastings, and H. I. Smith, “Fabrication and characterization of narrow-band Bragg-reflection filters in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol.19, 1938–1942 (2001). [CrossRef]
- S. P. Chan, C. E. Png, S. T. Lim, G. T. Reed, and V. M. N. Passaro, “Single-mode and polarization-independent silicon-on-insulator waveguides with small cross section,” J. Lightwave Technol.23, 2103–2111 (2005). [CrossRef]
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
- J. T. Hastings, M. H. Lim, J. G. Goodberlet, and H. I. Smith, “Optical waveguides with apodized sidewall gratings via spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, 2753–2757 (2002). [CrossRef]
Opt. Express
- I. Giuntoni, A. Gajda, M. Krause, R. Steingrüber, J. Bruns, and K. Petermann, “Tunable Bragg reflectors on silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Opt. Express, 17, 18518–18524 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Dong, W. Qian, S. Liao, H. Liang, C.-C. Kung, N.-N. Feng, R. Shafiiha, J. Fong, D. Feng, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, “Low loss shallow-ridge silicon waveguides,” Opt. Express18, 14474–14479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Loiacono, G. T. Reed, G. Z. Mashanovich, R. Gwilliam, S. J. Henley, Y. Hu, R. Feldesh, and R. Jones, “Laser erasable implanted gratings for integrated silicon photonics,” Opt. Express19, 10728–10734 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. A. Zortman, D. C. Trotter, and M. R. Watts, “Silicon photonics manufacturing,” Opt. Express18, 23598–23607 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- W. Shi, X. Wang, W. Zhang, L. Chrostowski, and N. A. F. Jaeger, “Contradirectional couplers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Opt. Lett.36, 3999–4001 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, R. E. Saperstein, B. Slutsky, and Y. Fainman, “Chip-scale dispersion engineering using chirped vertical gratings,” Opt. Lett.33, 3013–3015 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Cladding-modulated Bragg gratings in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett.34, 1357–1359 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zamek, D. T. H. Tan, M. Khajavikhan, M. Ayache, M. P. Nezhad, and Y. Fainman, “Compact chip-scale filter based on curve waveguide Bragg gratings,” Opt. Lett.35, 3477–3479 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Status Solidi C
- S. Homampour, M. P. Bulk, P. E. Jessop, and A. P. Knights, “Thermal tuning of planar Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Phys. Status Solidi C6, S240–S243 (2009). [CrossRef]
Other
- Software: MODE Solutions, Lumerical Solutions, Inc.
- http://www.epixfab.eu
- S. K. Selvaraja, E. Rosseel, L. Fernandez, M. Tabat, W. Bogaerts, J. Hautala, and P. Absil, “SOI thickness uniformity improvement using corrective etching for silicon nano-photonic device,” in 2011 8th IEEE Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP), 71–73 (2011). [CrossRef]
2011, Tan, Opt. Express
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, S. Zamek, A. Mizrahi, M. P. Nezhad, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, and Y. Fainman, “Wide bandwidth, low loss 1 by 4 wavelength division multiplexer on silicon for optical interconnects,” Opt. Express19, 2401–2409 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Wang, W. Shi, R. Vafaei, N. Jaeger, and L. Chrostowski, “Uniform and sampled Bragg gratings in SOI strip waveguides with sidewall corrugations,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 290–292 (2011).
- G. Jiang, R. Chen, Q. Zhou, J. Yang, M. Wang, and X. Jiang, “Slab-modulated sidewall Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator ridge waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.23, 6–9 (2011).
- A. V. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, and J. E. Cunningham, “Exploiting CMOS manufacturing to reduce tuning requirements for resonant optical devices,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 567–579 (2011).
- W. Bogaerts and S. K. Selvaraja, “Compact single-mode silicon hybrid rib/strip waveguide with adiabatic bends,” IEEE Photonics Journal3, 422–432 (2011). [CrossRef]
- S. K. Selvaraja, W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Subnanometer linewidth uniformity in silicon nanophotonic waveguide devices using CMOS fabrication technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.16, 316–324 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. T. H. Tan, K. Ikeda, and Y. Fainman, “Coupled chirped vertical gratings for on-chip group velocity dispersion engineering,” Appl. Phys. Lett.95, 141109 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Homampour, M. P. Bulk, P. E. Jessop, and A. P. Knights, “Thermal tuning of planar Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides,” Phys. Status Solidi C6, S240–S243 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Giuntoni, D. Stolarek, H. Richter, S. Marschmeyer, J. Bauer, A. Gajda, J. Bruns, B. Tillack, K. Petermann, and L. Zimmermann, “Deep-UV technology for the fabrication of Bragg gratings on SOI rib waveguides,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.21, 1894–1896 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Honda, Z. Wu, J. Matsui, K. Utaka, T. Edura, M. Tokuda, K. Tsutsui, and Y. Wada, “Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE,” Electron. Lett.43, 630–631 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Hastings, M. H. Lim, J. G. Goodberlet, and H. I. Smith, “Optical waveguides with apodized sidewall gratings via spatial-phase-locked electron-beam lithography,” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 20, 2753–2757 (2002). [CrossRef]
- V. Jayaraman, Z.-M. Chuang, and L. A. Coldren, “Theory, design, and performance of extended tuning range semiconductor lasers with sampled gratings,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.29, 1824–1834 (1993). [CrossRef]
- R. A. Soref, J. Schmidtchen, and K. Peterman, “Large single-mode rib waveguides in GeSi-Si and Si-on-SiO2,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron.27, 1971–1974 (1991). [CrossRef]
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